Historical Method Research Articles

История проведения художественной выставки «Урало-Кузбасс» (1935)

The author of the article for the first time in Russian and Ural art criticism refers to the history of the organization of the 1935 Ural-Kuzbass art exhibition. Using the historical and genetic method, the main stages and events on the way to the exhibition are considered. The article summarizes and analyses the scattered historical data about the exhibition which are stored in the Documentation Centre of Public Organizations of the Sverdlovsk region and were found in the Sverdlovsk press of the 1930s. The study is of interest for completing the history of the artistic life of one of the largest industrial regions of the USSR in the 1930s; it provides new information about the functioning of art and the relationship between the government and the intelligentsia during this period.

Strategi Perang antara Belanda Melawan Invasi Jepang di Palembang dan Dampaknya terhadap Lingkungan

The purpose of this study explains the Japanese attack strategy and Dutch defense and its impact on the environment in Palembang. The method used is the historical method by utilizing primary sources such as memoirs of historical actors, contemporaneous newspapers, as well as secondary sources such as books and scientific articles. This research also uses geography with an environmental perspective. The results show that Japan implemented a combined land, sea and air strategy with paratroopers as the main force to capture Palembang. Meanwhile, the Dutch focused on protecting airfields and oil refineries with scorched earth tactics if pressed. Environmental impacts of the conflict included air pollution from oil refinery fires and pollution of the Musi River by oil spills and war waste. The novelty of this research lies in the study of the environmental aspects of Japanese military operations in Palembang that have not been widely discussed before. This research provides a new perspective on the impact of war on the environment in a historical context.

Cross-Cultural Poetics: Exploring the Impact of Poetry Teaching Methods on Enhancing Cultural Comprehension in Chinese Language Education in Japan and Korea

This study explores the effectiveness of poetry teaching in enhancing students' cultural understanding within Chinese language education in Japan and South Korea. From the perspective of cross-cultural education, this paper analyzes the teaching methods of poetry, a core element of Chinese language education, in Japanese and Korean classrooms, focusing on phonetic learning methods and historical cultural background teaching methods. By combining qualitative and quantitative research approaches, the study examines the impact of different teaching methods on students' language proficiency and cultural understanding. The research subjects include Chinese language students from Korea University and Kyoto University, with data collected through various methods such as classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires. The study concludes that both the historical cultural background poetry teaching method and the phonetic learning method significantly enhance students' cultural understanding within Chinese language education. This research provides new recommendations for poetry teaching in Chinese education in Japan and South Korea, as well as for improving students' literary literacy and aesthetic appreciation abilities

Kiprah KH. Sahal Suhana Tokoh Pendiri Pendidikan Islam Modern di Kabupaten Kuningan Jawa Barat, 1994-2016

Education in Indonesia has a long history of producing intellectual figures from local to national. In the Kuningan region, West Java, there are intellectual figures who are active in the field of education. This thesis aims to find out how KH. Sahal Suhana in driving education in the Kuningan Regency area, West Java in 1994-2016. This research uses historical research methods. The steps include heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results of this research are the role of KH. Sahal Suhana, a person who was not born from Kyai descent, was able to take part in becoming a Kyai by becoming the pioneer of the founder of the largest Modern Islamic Education in Kuningan Regency, West Java and growing rapidly, including the Husnul Khotimah Foundation and the Al-Multazam Husnul Khotimah Islam ic Education Foundation. As a pioneer figure who is active in the world of education, he has succeeded in creating new breakthroughs in eliminating the negative stigma of Islamic boarding schools, such as dirty students, dirty water, always wearing sarongs, lagging behind in technology and other problems. In modernizing Islamic education through the Islamic Boarding School KH. Sahal Suhana has succeeded in changing the public's mindset towards the negative stigma of Islamic boarding schools, and in the curriculum has succeeded in developing science and technology for the students, and in terms of facilities and infrastructure has succeeded in completing the foundation's facilities to support learning.

Harmonizing Legal Frameworks: A Comparative Legal Overview of Employee Transfers in Albania and Selected EU Countries

Employee transfer is an important phenomenon that impacts both the public and private sectors worldwide. It is one of the most important managerial and productive instruments that a company can use. Although it is commonly practiced, the institution of internal employee transfers is not regulated in the Labor Code of Albania. Albanian legislation only recognizes the internal transfer of one category of employees, the civil servants. In this regard, there arises an urgent need for the immediate regulation of this institution for the other categories of employees as well. In the context of Albania's accession to the European Union, implementing such regulations would ensure effective protection for employees in accordance with European legislation. Without such regulation, transfers could become a mechanism that employers might misuse. This research paper employs various scientific methods, including historical, analytical, and comparative methods. Following a historical analysis of Albanian legislation, the paper examines employee transfers under current Albanian laws and those of selected EU countries. In conclusion, it is essential for the Albanian Labor Code to establish regulations for internal employee transfers that align with leading European legislations, which have often served as models for shaping Albanian law.

Why did the Bosniaks Embrace Islam, Unlike the Serbs and Croats?

Abstract: This article discusses the reasons, why, unlike their Serb and Croat neighbors, the Bosniaks embraced Islam. Though somewhat gradual, the process was both collective and earnest, amounting to a phenomenon rarely witnessed in the latter periods of Islamic civilization in general, and the expansion of the Ottoman Caliphate in particular. Different scholars have provided different perspectives on the enduring mystery. However, as religion has been politicized and nationalized in the Balkan region, and politics and nationalism have become intertwined with religion, the task of reconciling conflicting perspectives and establishing the truth has become increasingly complex. This article posits that, besides, several secondary socio-political and economic factors, religion was the primary driver behind the conversion of the Bosniaks. The unique faith and rituals of the Patarens in Bosnia, along with their Bosnian Church, had a notable impact on a large number of Bosniaks, including those in positions of power and authority. The Bosniaks were distinguished by their inclination towards openness, inquisitiveness, and pursuit of truth, unlike the Serbs and Croats who often let ethno-nationalism and faith-based chauvinism shape their religious and socio-cultural choices. A research methodology that integrates descriptive, interpretative, and analytical historical methods is employed in the entire work.

BENELUX COUNTRIES’ SECURITY STRATEGIES: BETWEEN EUROPEANISM AND ATLANTICISM

In the article, transformation of the foreign policy and security strategies of the Benelux countries – Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg – is analyzed against the exacerbating conflict in Ukraine. Using the comparative historical method, we outline the evolution of strategic trends of Europeanism – seeking deeper integration within the European institutional framework – and Atlanticism – pursuing a general strategic orientation towards the United States – in the three countries. As smaller-sized countries, they initially combined Europeanism and «moderate» Atlanticism, which left them some space for foreign policy maneuver. Since the 1990s, the Dutch foreign policy more closely follows the Atlanticist paradigm, while those of Belgium and Luxembourg are characterized more by Europeanism. The analysis of the EU strategic autonomy debate as a case study has shown that Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg seek the greatest possible economic benefits from the autonomy initiatives. Besides, the balance between the strategic trends remains; Belgium and Luxembourg positively view deeper EU defense cooperation, while the Netherlands mostly sees security guarantees in Euro-Atlantic cooperation. The current state in European security has thus not fundamentally changed the Benelux countries’ approaches to balancing Europeanism and Atlanticism that have been characteristic for them since the 1990s. Besides, for Belgium, support for deeper integration has become a key identity feature, while the Netherlands relies on special relations with the United States and ad hoc coalitions in the EU; Luxembourg’s foreign policy can be described to follow a free rider strategy.

Studi Historiografi Islam Klasik: Kritik dan Tinjauan Terhadap Karya Al-Mas’udi

This study critically evaluates and analyzes the historical writings of al-Mas'udi, focusing on his influence on historical writings in the classical Islamic era. The author is interested in examining al-Mas'udi's contributions in his works, particularly on Islamic historiography from the classical period. The researcher uses an approach that is considered appropriate for this study, namely a qualitative approach using analytical descriptive techniques and assisted by literature review. The purpose of this article is to provide an assessment and critical analysis of al-Mas'udi's influence on historical writing in the classical Islamic era, with a particular focus on his bibliography and writing techniques or methods. And through his travels and research, played a major role in Classical Islamic historiography with his major works. Although criticized for its consistency and the dirayah method used, his work remains valuable as a source of knowledge about Islamic history and geography. Al-Mas'udi's Muktazilah influence has also created his distinguishing thematic approach, which reflects the general Muslim worldview of his time. The evolution of history writing in Islam is reflected in the shift from the historical method to the dirayah method, which emphasizes direct experience and factors influencing historical events used by Al-Mas'udi.

Інститут корпоративної звітності: особливості ґенези та проблеми розвитку

Reporting is the main source of information for internal and external stakeholders. It is emphasized that the main purpose of financial statements is to provide financial information about the reporting entity that is useful to all investors and creditors in making decisions about the resources of such an entity. However, the emergence of new accounting objects and social and environmental problems of humanity create an information crisis that public financial reporting cannot solve. The contemporary information crisis is not the first in the history of corporate reporting, but it has given rise to problems that cannot be solved by traditional accounting tools – double entry bookkeeping. The reasons for recognizing the imperfection of corporate reporting by the international regulator are identified, which are the insufficient level of satisfaction of all information requests of various stakeholders. It is substantiated that in the context of market globalization, a significant gap has emerged between the market value of companies and their book value, which is presented in consolidated financial statements and general purpose financial statements. In addition, new challenges related to the implementation of sustainable development policies have begun to emerge. These trends are accompanied by the emergence of new stakeholders, in particular, non-profit organizations and civil society, which have begun to formulate their own requests to international and national regulators and companies regarding the environmental impact of their activities. All of this is leading to a crisis in traditional public financial reporting, as there is a need for additional financial and non-financial information that cannot be fully provided by public financial reporting institutions. The purpose of the article is to investigate the development of the institution of corporate reporting in an evolutionary context on the example of European countries (for example Great Britain, France, Germany). Using the historical method, the author has carried out a periodization of the development of corporate reporting as a social institution. Moreover, the paper deals with the features of each corporate reporting development stage. This makes it possible to better understand the nature of the emergence of corporate reporting when studying its essence. The paper type – research paper.

Kontribusi Khalifah Mochammad Ya’qub bin Muhamad Atim Dalam Thoriqoh Shiddiqiyyah di Palembang (1970 – 2023 M)

This research discusses thoriqoh Shiddiqiyyah in Palembang. The arrival of the Shiddiqiyyah thoriqoh in Palembang in 1970 AD brought by the caliph Mochammad Ya'qub bin Muhamad Atim. Caliph Mochammad Ya'qub bin Muhamad Atim was one of the students who was given the mandate to broadcast the teachings of Thoriqoh Shiddiqiyyah precisely in Palembang. The teachings are conveyed through several methods such as the da'wah method, teaching Shiddiqiyyah teachings to the community, collective dhikr (Kautsaran), and with programs contained in Shiddiqiyyah, such as National Compensation, Construction of Livable Thankful Houses (commemoration of Indonesian National Independence and Youth Pledge Day) and others. other. Its followers have increased, with this increase in followers it can also be seen that the development of thoriqoh Shiddiqiyyah in Palembang is increasing, visible and known to the public. Caliph Mochammad Ya'qub bin Muhamad Atim arrived in Palembang alone at a young age at that time, there were no friends or students from other thoriqoh Shiddiqiyyah. At that time he lived in the Aryodilla area. With existing programs, you can increase followers of thoriqoh Shiddiqiyyah in Palembang. This research aims to determine the entry and development of thoriqoh Shiddiqiyyah and the contribution of the caliph Mochammad Ya'qub bin Muhamad Atim. This research is qualitative research that uses historical research methods utilizing a sociological approach. This research uses historical theory. Data collection techniques were obtained through a process of observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. Data sources were obtained through direct observation, interviews and documentation by the administrators and followers of Thoriqoh Shiddiqiyyah. and use books, journals or archives that are appropriate to the research.

Dari Benteng Kuto Gawang Ke Kuto Besak : Analisis Faktor Politik Pada Tahun 1780

This study describes the change of Kuto Gawang Fortress to Kuto Besak in 1780 Palembang City. This study uses political theory, from an antropological point of view there is a politics that occurs gradually. This method uses historical methods for sistematic and objective reconstruction of the past through the stages of data collection, evaluation, verification, synthesizing evidence of fact, and obtaining evidence of strong conclusions. The method approach uses qualitative research method which are literature reviews both journals, magazines, and the internet. The data used is using primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques, observation, interview documentation. The conclusion of this research us that Kuto Besak and Kuto Gawang forts are one of the historical relics of the past in the city of Palembang. The Kuto Gawang palace which was founded by Ki Gede Ing Suro who was a follower of Aria Jipang who fled to Palembang from 1552 to 1659 Kuto Gawang was destroyed by the Dutch.

Vasily I. Murashev: the star scale of his scientific discoveries

Introduction. This article is devoted to a major Russian scientist, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor V.I. Murashev, certain periods of his biography and scientific activity. Based on archival data and special technical literature, it is concluded that Professor Murashev has done a lot for the development of construction science, including the production and introduction of heat-resistant reinforced concrete structures into the metallurgical industry. Researcher V.I. Murashev for the first time proposed a model for calculating the deformation of reinforced concrete elements with cracks, which made it possible to avoid mistakes in construction. Aim. Conducting a study of the fruitful scientific activity of Professor V.I. Murashev in the field of reinforced concrete theory, clarifying the history of his creation of temperature-resistant reinforced concrete structures, supplementing the scientific biography of the scientist with new facts based on the study of newly discovered data. Materials and methods. The author, having studied archival materials on an urgent topic, using retrospective, historical, tipological and comparative research methods, showed certain aspects of the scientific activity of Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor V.I. Murashev, determining the degree of his active participation in the development of the theory of reinforced concrete, specifying the most significant achievements of the researcher in construction science. Results. The article presents the first comprehensive study of the scientific activity of Professor V.I. Murashev in the field of concrete and reinforced concrete, analyzes the newly discovered biographical data of the scientist in the period 1904–1959. Conclusions. The database of research sources has been expanded, new archival documents and materials have been introduced into scientific circulation, confirming the originality of the versatile personality of Professor V.I. Murashev, his outstanding achievements in construction science in the period 1929–1959.

О компенсации морального вреда, причиненного решениями, действиями (бездействием) субъекта публичной власти

The article examines the issues surrounding the combination and joint consideration in administrative court proceedings of both administrative claims challenging the legality of public authority acts and civil claims for compensation of moral damage. The aim of this article is to identify and analyze the problems of legal regulation of compensation for moral damage in administrative proceedings. To achieve this aim and solve the tasks, general and special scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, historical, systemic-structural, formal-legal, and comparative methods were used. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that it is advisable to normatively consolidate the possibility of combining a public-law administrative claim and a private-law claim for compensation of moral damage in administrative proceedings. Such an intersectoral transformation of public and private law will significantly enhance the level of judicial protection for citizens who have suffered moral harm due to a public-law violation, especially considering that a person in a dispute with the authorities is always the weaker party. The results of the study can be used as proposals for legislative changes and for shaping judicial practice regarding compensation for moral damage in administrative proceedings. The novelty of the study lies in the substantiation of scientific recommendations on the need to combine and jointly consider in administrative proceedings not only an administrative claim to declare an act of public authority illegal, but also a civil claim for compensation for moral damage.

Tradition of Tetesan in Central Java

One of the traditions in Java in the life cycle is the tradition of dripping or female circumcision, especially at the age of 8-12 years. The various meanings of this dripping tradition are, for example, a sign of maturity, avoiding bad things and getting good fortune. At present, the dripping tradition has been abandoned by many Javanese people. Moreover, there is some information that drops are not good for health. However, this tradition must be maintained and preserved. The purpose of this study is to find out an overview of the dripping tradition in Central Java, especially Central Java and Yogyakarta. Moreover, there are differences in the implementation of the drip for ordinary people and the Yogyakarta Palace. The research method used is the historical method. As expressed by Kuntowijoyo in his book Introduction to History which states that the historical research method has five stages, namely topic selection, heuristics (source gathering), source criticism (verification, interpretation, and historical writing (historiography). The results of this study are how practice is the tradition of dripping in Central Java, namely Central Java and Yogyakarta, especially for ordinary people and the Yogyakarta Palace. The procedures for ordinary people are relatively ordinary while at the Yogyakarta Palace it is classified as complex because there are rules. And also, this drip is included in the oral tradition because it is tied to beliefs, meanings, symbols, norms, and customs that describe the meaning of this dripping tradition.

The effect of carbon quota allocation methods on maritime supply chain emission reduction

In September 2020, the European Parliament decided to include the CO2 emitted on the all intra-European and 50% of extra-European voyages in the European Union Emission Trading System (EU-ETS) starting from 2022, in order to reduce the CO2 emission. With the implementation of EU-ETS, the maritime supply chain will inevitably be significantly affected. Different carbon quota allocations in ETS have different impact on the CO2 emission reduction, which motivates us to investigate the effect of different carbon quota allocations on maritime CO2 emission reduction. Therefore, this paper considers two carbon quota allocations: the historical total quantity method and the historical intensity method, and develops a game model for each method. Then, the equilibrium solutions of each game model are analyzed. With the help of the system dynamics and the software Vensim, numerical experiments are conducted to verify the properties obtained in the analysis of the equilibrium solutions. The experimental results indicate that 1) Green technology (GT) can effectively reduce carbon emissions. Based on long-term simulation results, the GT investments will be gradually offset by profiting from carbon quota trading. 2) Profits may vary with price, but the Historical Intensity method consistently achieves better carbon reduction effects or relatively higher profits. 3) The marginal profits of companies with similar historical intensity baselines are almost the same. This gives an advantage to companies who implement green technologies earlier, as they can quickly gain returns from GT.

European experience in counteracting disinformation influences

Information-psychological influences, attacks, and operations do not have a physical manifestation but generate destabilizing internal and external processes within a state. These processes cause aggression, anxiety, and dissatisfaction among the population, potentially leading to open physical conflict. The use of the Internet enables extremist organizations to access mass media, spreading propaganda, informing about their goals, tasks, measures, and forms of support. The authors emphasize the significant impact of modern information and communication technologies on increasing threats to political stability and the security of any state. The aim of this paper is to highlight foreign experiences regarding organizational and legal measures that prevent the spread of disinformation, aimed at inciting hostility and hatred within a state. The study draws on experiences from large-scale protest actions, organized and coordinated through social networks on the Internet. The authors note that blogs, social networks, electronic maps, and video hosting sites are currently used without restrictions for political destabilization. Social networks enable immediate support from like-minded individuals and the publication of extremist materials, which contribute to the escalation of socio-political, ethnic, and interfaith conflicts. The main research methods are comparative analysis, statistical method, historical method, structural-functional method of cognition. Having studied the periods of formation of the system for countering the spread of disinformation in the EU, the authors concluded that the work on countering the spread of disinformation is conducted comprehensively and systematically and is constantly being improved in accordance with the challenges. In the EU countries, not only the practice of combating disinformation has been developed, but also an array of normative legal acts has been adopted to prevent the spread of disinformation. The European experience demonstrates the importance of a balance between freedom of speech and security measures in the information space. Such a comprehensive and conceptual approach should be the basis for creating a system for countering the spread of disinformation in Ukraine.

The Vicious Circle of Corruption in the Human Side of the Enterprise

The vicious circle of corruption constitutes a bane in the business world. Corruption is a canker that must be eroded to create new incentives for innovative management system and improved productivity in the local and global economies. The dwindling economy many developing nations are facing today (Nigeria inclusive) has raised serious concern. This conference paper adopts historical and descriptive research methods. Many corrupt firms suffer morale decadence and counterproductive work behaviours which culminated in productivity downturn. Corruption had permeated many segments of the society, ravaged the corporate scene of nations and left many firms as travail of woes for investors. The code of morals and leadership ethnics had suffered for years. In Nigeria, illicit acts and counterproductive work behaviours have characterized many firms in recent times. Budgets and financial records do not only lack the attributes of truth and fairness but suffer credibility loss and unreliability in the business population for years. Corruption is cankerous and designated authorities, institutions and agencies (nationally and internationally) have made tremendous efforts to fight and erode this dreadful canker from the business environment. Yet, not much is achieved; rather much is required.

VOC dan Dinamika Kekuasaan di Sumenep Abad XVIII

The city of Sumenep is a traditional palace city which is located on the outskirts of the city and also close to the beach. The Palace City has the function of being the residence of kings and their families, and has a role as a place for cultural activities, government activities and the economy. Since 1705, after Sumenep came under the auspices of the VOC, elements of foreign culture began to enter into the formation of the city of Sumenep. The general aim of this research is to describe incidents or events in the past, and then use them for the learning process in the present. The research method used in this research is the historical research method which consists of five stages, first topic selection, second heuristics, third source criticism, fourth interpretation, and fifth historiography. Sumenep is located at the tip of Madura Island and occupies a strategic position that supports Sumenep as a stopping area which is often visited by ships and boats from the archipelago or from abroad. In 1705, when Mataram entered into an agreement, Sumenep as a whole became colonial territory and Sumenep was a busy trade center in the 18th century because it had a port as a stopping area for ships connecting with islands in the eastern region and had an important port for trade over long distances. Thus, the release of the Sumenep area from Mataram's control would certainly go through a long process. One of the influencing factors is the existence of an element of interest in maintaining the power that has mastered this issue.

Reviving Faith: The Dynamic Legacy of HKBP Resort Balige Church

HKBP is one of the largest congregations in the world and has even spread to America and Europe. HKBP in Indonesia is a Christian Church based in Tanah Batak, namely in Tarutung City, North Tapanuli, North Sumatra Province. The main focus of this research is the history of the HKBP Resort Balige church. This research uses a historical research method which has four stages, namely stages heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The research results show that the history and development of the HKBP Ressort Balige Church began with the arrival of Christian missionaries to Batak Land, then built the HKBP church, which was consecrated as the HKBP Balige church by Ompu Ephorus Pdt. I.L. Nommensen. In its development, the HKBP Balige church developed well; this was marked by the social charities around the church, such as hospitals, Schools, universities and a Multi-Purpose Building which functioned as a public service to the surrounding community. The role of the HKBP Church in the social life of the Balige community as a fellowship of believers always requires order and order in the implementation of services. This can be proven by your willingness to be selected as an Elder, Deacon, or Servant on the Development Commission or on the Committee of an activity.

State Categories and Their Afterlives: The Politics of “Tribalisation” in Eastern India

This article examines the afterlives of state classificatory categories in everyday engagements between state and society. It examines how a community of cultivators in eastern and central India, the Kudmi-Mahatos, have reshaped their group identity through categories of the state. They have oscillated between not wanting to be labelled as “tribal” by the colonial state to seeking to be recognised as “Scheduled Tribes” by the post-colonial state. Using ethnographic and historical methods, this article investigates the shifting claims of the Kudmi-Mahatos with respect to “tribal” status. It argues: (i) that communities use state categories of classification to remake their identities vis-à-vis both the state and other communities they live with; and (ii) tribalisation as a strategy of claiming recognition reworks the tribe-caste continuum in India. The article builds on historical and anthropological scholarship that looks at political contestations over classification in modern states.