Temperature Measurement Method Research Articles

Multi-physical field coupling modeling of microwave heating and reduction behavior of zinc oxide

Microwave heating provides a cleaner pyrometallurgical method for separating zinc from electric arc furnace dust (EAFD, a solid waste generated during steel production with excellent dielectric properties). Despite its undisputed heating efficiency, the impact of microwave heating characteristics on the zinc removal process from EAFD remains unclear. This paper focuses on ZnO, one of the primary components of EAFD, and develops an electromagnetic-thermal-chemical reaction model to analyze the effects of microwave power and graphite addition on heating behavior, reduction reactions, field distributions, and reaction kinetics. The results indicate that the heat generated from the interaction between microwaves and materials exhibits inherent non-uniformity, leading to the localized thermal effect and making the error of general temperature measurement methods. Increasing microwave power and adding graphite enhance heating efficiency and promote the reduction reaction but also result in significant internal-external temperature disparity and worse temperature distribution. At 1000 W, with 1.2 times the stoichiometric amount of graphite addition, the temperature measurement error reaches approximately 200 °C, potentially affecting the kinetic results to a certain degree. The non-isothermal kinetics results from simulations indicate that the localized thermal region exhibits a lower average activation energy of 47.5 kJ/mol compared to experimental results, suggesting that the lower activation energy of the ZnO reduction reaction during microwave heating is primarily caused by the localized thermal effect rather than the non-thermal effect. Additionally, in the energy distribution, the higher proportion of return loss during heating underscores the importance of a well-designed microwave heating system.

EBS status of the large-volume press at beamline ID06-LVP

ABSTRACT The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)'s large-volume press (LVP) instrument, at beamline ID06-LVP, is in constant evolution and made a significant step-change at the Extremely Brilliant Source upgrade; with improved beam characteristics (stability and focussing) and detection capabilities, with the installation of a custom-built Dectris 900 kW CdTe device. Over the same time-frame, higher pressure regimes have been reached through use of improved 6/6 compression, with the incorporation of a Drickamer device, and through the use of harder carbide grades in 6/8. The combined use of in-situ X-ray diffraction, imaging and pulse-echo ultrasonic high-pressure experiments has been enhanced. Temperature generation and measurement methods have been upgraded. User interaction is improved with live data inspection and treatment possible. Data calibration and integration have been thoroughly revised. Here, we describe the current status and highlight recent upgrades at ID06-LVP, with examples drawn from user measurements and in-house testing.

Time Delay Estimation for Acoustic Temperature Measurement of Loose Coal Based on Quadratic Correlation PHAT-β Algorithm

The acoustic temperature measurement method has a broad application prospect due to its advantages of high precision, non-contact, etc. It is expected to become a new method for hidden fire source detection in mines. The acoustic time of flight (TOF) can directly affect the accuracy of acoustic temperature measurement. We proposed a quadratic correlation-based phase transform weighting (PHAT-β) algorithm for estimating the time delay of the acoustic temperature measurement of a loose coal. Validation was performed using an independently built experimental system for acoustic temperature measurement of loose coals under multi-factor coupling. The results show that the PHAT-β algorithm estimated acoustic TOF values closest to the reference line as the sound travelling distance increased. The results of coal temperature inversion experiments show that the absolute error of the PHAT-β algorithm never exceeds 1 °C, with a maximum value of 0.862 °C. Using the ROTH weighted error maximum, when the particle of the coal samples is 3.0–5.0 cm, the absolute error maximum is 4.896 °C, which is a difference of 3.693 °C from the error minimum of 1.203 °C in this particle size interval. The accuracy of six algorithms was ranked as PHAT-β > GCC > PHAT > SCOT > HB > ROTH, further validating the accuracy and reliability of the PHAT-β algorithm.

Synthesis and study of Arginin-containing copper and chrome chelates

Synthesis conditions have been established and arginin (Arg)-containing copper and chrome chelate compounds with the following general formulas: CuArgn(CH3COO)2·mH2O and CrArgn(CH3COO)3·mH2O (where n =1÷3; m=2 or 4) have been synthesized. Synthesized chelates have been studied using a number of physical and chemical research methods. In particular, their composition has been established via trace element analysis, while the individuality has been identified through melting temperature measurement and diffractographic method. Through study of qualitative solubility in different solvents there has been established that chelates are highly soluble in water and poorly soluble in organic solvents. Using the conductometric research method there has been calculated a dissociation constant of chelate compounds-containing solutions. Based on the preliminary trial tests carried out in order to study the biological activity, there is expressed an opinion that entry of arginin-containing copper and chrome chelates into composition of combined feed premixes of egg-laying (oviparous) poultry has had a positive impact on egg-laying intensity and poultry survival rate. There is given an opinion on the expediency of basic test conduct in order to determine the optimum doses of arginin-containing copper and chrome chelate compounds for egg-laying birds.

Improvement of fiber optic sensor measurement methods for temperature and humidity measurement in microelectronic circuits

A wide range of applications such as healthcare, human comfort, agriculture, food processing and storage, and electronics manufacturing also require fast and accurate measurement of humidity and temperature. Optical fiber-based sensors have several advantages over electronic sensors, and much research has been conducted in this area in recent years. This paper describes the current trends in fiber optic temperature and humidity sensors. The evolution of optical structures aimed at humidity detection is presented, as well as a new design of an optical sensor used for this purpose. The main methods of humidity determination using fiber-optic laser reflection based on Optical fiber humidity sensor (FPI) were analyzed and experimental results were obtained. Based on temperature-sensitive strain variation, a method for temperature determination based on the specific spectral back-reflection effect of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is considered. Experimental analyses were conducted on the light reflection of humidity-sensitive agarose using optical fibers based on the Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI). It exhibits a good linear response to relative humidity, ranging from 25 % to 95 %. During temperature measurement, the deformation changes of the Fiber Bragg Grating fibers showed excellent performance, ranging from –5 °C to 70 °C. New structures, such as resonators, are being explored to improve the resolution of fiber optic temperature and humidity sensors. In addition, recent studies on polymer optical fibers show that the sensitivity of this type of sensor has not yet been achieved. Thus, materials sensitive to humidity and temperature still need to be investigated to improve sensitivity and resolution

Development of a micro-infrared thermometry method for surface temperature distribution and variation of millimeter particle during high-temperature reaction

Temperature strongly affects the conversion efficiency, local reactivity, and particle stabilization of the reactions, particularly at high temperature. This study integrated infrared thermography with a high-temperature hot stage reactor to develop a methodology of continuous temperature measurement for a single particle reaction at high temperatures. The external optical transmission transmittance and temperature field core were corrected, and the relationship between the measured temperature (Tr) and true temperature (T0) was obtained by adjusting the sample emissivity. Sample temperature with known emissivity at elevated temperature was measured with 1% deviation. The instantaneous temperature measurement for the gasification process was carried out and the overall emissivities of coal particles were corrected. Temperature distribution and variation on the coal particle surface during the gasification process were further obtained and consistent with the previous research results. The proposed online temperature measurement method provides a new approach for gaining insights into particle reaction states.

Non-invasive temperature monitoring in fixed-bed reactors by electrical capacitance tomography

Abstract Knowledge of the temperature distribution in fixed-bed reactors is of great importance for process control and optimization in many processes of the chemical industry. The state of the art is defined by invasive measuring methods for temperature measurement in such reactors. However, all invasive methods influence both the structure of the fixed-bed and the flow conditions and thus falsify the measurement results compared to real undisturbed conditions in a fixed-bed, above all with regard to the radial temperature profile. In addition, the temperature distribution in the entire reactor is usually derived from a few discrete measuring points based on a model, which sometimes results in large deviations from reality. In this article, electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is explored as an alternative, non-invasive measurement method to monitor the temperature distribution inside fixed-bed reactors. The method exploits the temperature dependence of the effective bulk permittivity of the reactor filling. By way of an example, this dependence has been investigated in this work for two different hydrogenation catalysts. A temperature-resistant ECT sensor has been designed to perform measurements under the influence of temperature. The investigations show that, with the aid of ECT, it is possible to detect relative temperature changes in the region of interest with the materials examined.

A novel optical thermometry strategy: Based on the combined effects of red-shift charge transfer band and thermal coupling

The non-contact temperature measurement method based on the fluorescence intensity ratio of thermally coupled energy levels has emerged as a focal point of research in recent years due to its characteristics of short response time, suitability for extreme environments, and high sensitivity. The enhancement of relative sensitivity (Sr) is a key objective in refining ratio-metric optical thermometry. However, the Sr is limited by the thermometry strategies. Regarding excitation and monitoring methods, ratio-metric temperature measurement strategies typically adopt two distinct approaches: single-excitation dual-emission (S-D), and dual-excitation single-emission (D-S). In this study, we developed a dual-excitation dual-emission (D-D) thermometry strategy that theoretically and experimentally demonstrates higher Sr and reduced temperature uncertainty (δT). This advancement was achieved by analyzing thermal coupling energy levels (TCELs) and the red-shift charge transfer band (CTB) properties. YVO4:Er3+ was selected for experimental validation due to its pronounced thermal coupling and red-shift CTB effects. The experimental results show that the Sr(D-D) equal to the sum of Sr(S-D) and Sr(D-S), and 1/δT(D-D) equal to the sum of 1/δT(S-D) and 1/δT(D-S), which well verifies the theoretical expectations. Thus, the D-D strategy emerges as a novel and effective method for ratio-metric thermometry, promising enhanced precision in temperature measurements.

Analysis of scuffing through temperature measurement experiment and numerical simulation for spiral bevel gears

Tooth surface scuffing failure, as one of the primary failure modes of gears, frequently occurs during the operation of gear mechanisms. Scuffing properties of spiral bevel gears were investigated through a numerical analysis and experimental study. A novel temperature model for a single tooth was proposed to predict scuffing temperatures on the tooth surface. The model allows the analysis of variations in tooth surface temperature, considering both operating conditions and tooth contact scenarios. Experiments were carried out to explore tooth surface adhesion of spiral bevel gears under precisely defined operating conditions. Measurement of tooth surface temperatures was conducted by combining non-contact infrared temperature sensors and temperature-measuring cameras. This experiment verifies temperature changes on the tooth surface adhesion of spiral bevel gears. The combination of two temperature measurement methods ensures accurate temperature measurements, with errors below 8%, and facilitates the swift opening of the end cover. Experimental validation of the scuffing prediction model yields a maximum temperature difference of 5.93%. The method establishes a theoretical foundation for evaluating tooth surface adhesion of spiral bevel gears.

Pixel Screening in Lifetime-Based Temperature Mapping Using β-NaYF4:Nd3+,Yb3+ by Time-Gated Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging on Deep Tissue in Live Mice.

Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) thermometry is an emerging method for the noncontact measurement of in vivo deep temperatures. Fluorescence-lifetime-based methods are effective because they are unaffected by optical loss due to excitation or detection paths. Moreover, the physiological changes in body temperature in deep tissues and their pharmacological effects are yet to be fully explored. In this study, we investigated the potential application of the NIRF lifetime-based method for temperature measurement of in vivo deep tissues in the abdomen using rare-earth-based particle materials. β-NaYF4 particles codoped with Nd3+ and Yb3+ (excitation: 808 nm, emission: 980 nm) were used as NIRF thermometers, and their fluorescence decay curves were exponential. Slope linearity analysis (SLA), a screening method, was proposed to extract pixels with valid data. This method involves performing a linearity evaluation of the semilogarithmic plot of the decay curve collected at three delay times after cutting off the pulsed laser irradiation. After intragastric administration of the thermometer, the stomach temperature was monitored by using an NIRF time-gated imaging setup. Concurrently, a heater was attached to the lower abdomens of the mice under anesthesia. A decrease in the stomach temperature under anesthesia and its recovery via the heater indicated changes in the fluorescence lifetime of the thermometer placed inside the body. Thus, NaYF4:Nd3+/Yb3+ functions as a fluorescence thermometer that can measure in vivo temperature based on the temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetime at 980 nm under 808 nm excitation. This study demonstrated the ability of a rare-earth-based NIRF thermometer to measure deep tissues in live mice, with the proposed SLA method for excluding the noisy deviations from the analysis for measuring temperature using the NIRF lifetime of a rare-earth-based thermometer.

Artificial intelligence applications for accurate geothermal temperature prediction in the lower Friulian Plain (north-eastern Italy)

Geothermal energy as a sustainable and clean energy source depends on the accurate estimation of reservoir temperatures. Understanding aquifer temperatures is crucial for optimizing low-enthalpy geothermal system exploitation. Advances in predictive algorithms can improve geothermal efficiency, while conventional methods of indirect temperature measurement and assumptions in geochemical analysis lead to uncertainties. As a solution, this study presents a comprehensive evaluation of six machine learning algorithms including eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), decision tree, generalized regression neural network, extreme randomized trees, radial basis function, and elastic net. We employed essential performance metrics including coefficient of determination (R2) score, root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and variance accounted for (VAF) to elucidate their predictive accuracy and generalization potential in the lower Friulian Plain (north-eastern Italy) where a geothermal reservoir is present. Among the algorithms scrutinized, XGBoost emerges as a predictive exemplar, achieving a remarkable R2 score of 0.9930 on the test dataset, with consistently low RMSE of 0.788, MAE of 0.587, MAPE of 1.909, and high VAF of 99.30, reaffirming its exceptional precision and robustness. It is worth noting that the other four models show slightly weaker performance than XGBoost, while elastic net shows moderate predictive power, which illustrates the complexity of the database. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirmed the superior performance of XGBoost in estimating geothermal temperatures compared to other algorithms, with statistical evidence supporting its precision and reliability. A Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty analysis underlined the importance of model selection, accuracy and uncertainty management in the planning of geothermal projects in the lower Friulian Plain. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the main factors influencing the temperature prediction. Among the parameters considered, bicarbonate the highest significance at 0.51, which is essential for accurate temperature prediction because of its buffering capacity which directly influences water's thermal properties. Magnesium and electrical conductivity each contribute with 0.11, also play significant roles due to their impact on the water's heat retention and distribution capabilities. Water depth, with a value of 0.08, also has a significant influence on the temperature profiles in prediction models. In summary, the accurate prediction of XGBoost for the temperature of aquifer in carbonate reservoirs in the lower Friulian Plain, underline its value for optimizing geothermal resources and highlight most important influences on temperature.

Evaluating the Agreement between Oral, Armpit, and Ear Temperature Readings during Physical Activities in an Outdoor Setting.

Accurate body temperature measurement is essential for monitoring and managing safety during outdoor activities. Physical activities are an essential consideration for public health, with sports taking up an important proportion of these. Athletes' performances can be directly affected by body temperature fluctuations, with overheating or hypothermia posing serious health risks. Monitoring these temperatures allows coaches and medical staff to make decisions that enhance performance and safety. Traditional methods, like oral, axillary, and tympanic readings, are widely used, but face challenges during intense physical activities in real-world environments. This study evaluated the agreement, correlation, and interchangeability of oral, axillary, and tympanic temperature measurements in outdoor exercise conditions. Systems developed for specific placements might generate different sensor readouts. Conducted as an observational field study, it involved 21 adult participants (11 males and 10 females, average age 25.14 ± 5.80 years) that underwent the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test protocol on an outdoor court. The main outcomes measured were the agreement and correlation between temperature readings from the three methods, both before and after exercise. The results indicate poor agreement between the measurement sites, with significant deviations observed post-exercise. Although the Spearman correlation coefficients showed consistent temperature changes post-exercise across all methods, the standard deviations in the pairwise comparisons exceeded 0.67 °C. This study concluded that widely used temperature measurement methods are challenging to use during outdoor exercises and should not be considered interchangeable. This variability, especially after exercise, underscores the need for further research using gold standard temperature measurement methods to determine the most suitable site for accurate readings. Care should thus be taken when temperature screening is done at scale using traditional methods, as each measurement site should be considered within its own right.

Characteristics of inclusions in chang 7 member and shale oil accumulation stages in Zhijing-Ansai area, Ordos Basin.

In order to further clarify the shale oil accumulation period of the Chang 7 member of the Mesozoic Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Zhijing-Ansai area of the central Ordos Basin, Using fluid inclusion petrography analysis, microscopic temperature measurement, salinity analysis and fluorescence spectrum analysis methods, combined with the burial history-thermal history recovery in the area, the oil and gas accumulation period of the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation in the Zhijing-Ansai area was comprehensively analyzed. Sixteen shale oil reservoir samples of the Mesozoic Triassic Yanchang Formation in seven typical wells in the study area were selected.The results show that the fluid inclusions in the Chang 7 member of Yanchang Formation can be divided into two stages. The first stage inclusions mainly develop liquid hydrocarbon inclusions and a large number of associated brine inclusions, which are mainly beaded in fracture-filled quartz and fracture-filled calcite. The fluorescence color is blue and blue-green, and the homogenization temperature of the associated brine inclusions is between 90-110°C. The second stage inclusions are mainly gas-liquid two-phase hydrocarbon inclusions, gas inclusions and asphalt inclusions. Most of them are distributed in the fracture-filled quartz, and the temperature of the associated brine inclusions is between 120-130°C. Fluid inclusions in Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation can be divided into two stages. The CO2 inclusions and high temperature inclusions in the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation are mainly derived from deep volcanic activity in the crust.

Research on Thermocouple Integration Method of Hollow Thin-Walled Turbine Rotor Blade Surface

The hollow thin-walled structure is increasingly used in advanced aero-engine turbine rotor blades, and the traditional surface temperature measurement method based on groove buried couple is no longer applicable. In this paper, a new thermocouple integration method is proposed. The laser additive manufacturing process is used to generate thermocouple embedding channels on the surface of turbine blades. After the thermocouple is embedded, it is pre-fixed, and the thermocouple protection is realized by supersonic flame spraying technology. The strength of the thermocouple integrated structure of the turbine blade is verified by finite element analysis. Based on CFD analysis, the influence of thermocouple integration on the efficiency, pressure ratio and temperature distribution of the turbine blade is studied. The high-speed rotation test shows that the thermocouple integrated structure has high strength and reliability and meets the measurement requirements. This method can provide technical support for the surface temperature measurement of hollow thin-walled turbine rotor blades.

Shield tunnel leakage detection using distributed optical fiber

Leakage in operating tunnels is a serious problem during operating stage. In order to realize non-destructive detection of leakage in an operating shield tunnel, an optical fiber temperature measurement method based on Raman scattering and infrared thermal imaging technology is developed. The working principle of leakage monitoring with Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor (DTS) combined with time domain reflectometry (OTDR) technology are introduced. The distributed measurement of temperature field is realized in a typical tunnel. Infrared thermal imager is used to perform thermal imaging on the leakage area, and the temperature difference between the leakage area and the non-leakage area is 3.6 °C, which can meet the requirements of distributed optical fiber side leakage temperature accuracy. This illustrates the feasibility of quantitative monitoring of leaks in distributed optical fiber temperature sensing systems. The reasonable arrangement of leakage monitoring fiber in distributed fiber temperature sensing system is discussed in practical engineering.

Novel Temperature Calibration Method of E-Mode and D-Mode GaN Power Modules Considering Dynamic ON-Resistance

This paper presents a method for measuring temperature using the temperature sensitive parameter (TSP) of a GaN power module. Current collapse occurs in GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). This results in dynamic on-resistance because of trapped electrons. Thus, dynamic conditions should be considered to accurately measure thermal characteristics. GaN HEMTs are operated in the enhanced mode (E-mode) and depletion mode (D-mode). In this study, E-mode and D-mode GaN power modules are designed to compare their thermal characteristics. Among three common temperature-measurement methods, this work employs the TSP-based approach in consideration of the device operation, instead of those using thermo-sensitive optical or material properties. The calibration is conducted in steady-state and dynamic-state. The ambient temperature is estimated using steady-state calibration data. Power cycling is examined for considering dynamic conditions. It is confirmed that dynamic on-resistance changes according to the cycle period, on time, and number of cycles. Experiments are conducted using different values of these parameters. Finally, an equation for temperature is obtained from the experimental results. The equation precisely estimates temperature with an error of 0.7%.

Инженерная методика определения температурного состояния металла при его нагреве

Currently, the determination of the temperature profile of the furnace required to ensure the specified heating parameters of the metal is carried out using the temperature measurement method or mathematical models. They are most based on solution of the differential equation of non-stationary thermal conductivity. Previously, the thermal diagram method of I.D. Semikin was widely used. It allows us, under given heating conditions, to determine heating duration. In practice, it is important to develop a simple engineering method that would allow the temperature field of the metal to be determined with sufficient accuracy under given heating conditions. The development is based on the thermal diagram method of I.D. Semikina. But at the same time, the final equation describing the heat balance of the metal within the furnace zone is solved relative to the enthalpy of the metal at the exit from the zone. The specified heating conditions (productivity, zone temperature) are used to determine the quantities of the right-hand side of the equation (time heating, average heat flux density). The authors have proposed the method for continuous furnaces of various types (push-type and with a mechanized hearth) that allows us for a given productivity and temperature profile of the furnace to calculate the change in the temperature state of the metal for all heating zones, from the moment of loading to the release of metal. The adequacy of the proposed methodology has been tested for two types of furnaces. For methodical push-type furnaces, the results obtained have been compared to the results of modeling the temperature state of the metal using a numerical method. The discrepancy between the results after passing the inertial heating period does not exceed 1 %. For a walking-beam furnace the calculated value of the metal surface temperature after the furnace has been compared with the results of operational measurements. The discrepancy is less than 2 %. The totality of the results obtained ensures the achievement of the research goal. The proposed method is based on the heat balance equation and allows us to consider it to be correct. It is an engineering method and quite simple to implement. The method is recommended to be used to design furnaces and to calculate the temperature profile of furnaces by engineering departments of metallurgical enterprises.

Leaf Temperature Measurement Using Low-Resolution Thermal Camera Based on Thresholding and Clustering Techniques

Leaf temperature can indicate photosynthetic rates, leaf water status, and stomata conductance. Leaf temperature can be measured using thermal resistance sensors, thermocouple devices, infrared thermometers, or infrared thermal imaging devices. Additionally, measuring leaf temperature using a thermal camera is simple and efficient. Therefore, the research proposes a leaf temperature measurement method using AMG8833, a low-resolution (64 pixels) thermal camera. The proposed system adopts an image segmentation technique to extract the leaf area from a thermal image. The leaf temperature is then calculated by averaging the temperature values on the leaf area. The proposed system aims to utilize a low-cost and low-resolution thermal camera for measuring the leaf temperature. The proposed approach is evaluated using real images of the Dieffenbachia plant, a popular ornamental plant that can be easily planted. In the experiments, fourteen segmentation methods consisting of eight thresholding techniques and six clustering techniques are evaluated. The experimental findings on the Dieffenbachia plant indicate that the most accurate leaf temperature measurements are obtained using local thresholding with an absolute error of 0.0109 and k-means clustering with an absolute error of 0.0134. The proposed method provides a simple, effective, and low-cost leaf temperature measurement system compared to the existing systems which employ high-cost commercial thermal cameras and complex measurement methods.

Wireless Temperature Measurement for Curved Surfaces Based on AlN Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators.

In this paper, we propose a novel method for temperature measurement using surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensors on curved or irregular surfaces. We integrate SAW resonators onto flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs) to ensure better conformity of the temperature sensor with the surface of the object under test. Compared to traditional rigid PCBs, FPCBs offer greater dynamic flexibility, lighter weight, and thinner thickness, which make them an ideal choice for making SAW devices working for temperature measurements under curved surfaces. We design a temperature sensor array consisting of three devices with different operating frequencies to measure the temperature at multiple points on the surface of the object. To distinguish between different target points in the sensor array, each sensor operates at a different frequency, and the operating frequency bands do not overlap. This differentiation is achieved using Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology. Experimental results indicate that the frequency temperature coefficients of these sensors are -30.248 ppm/°C, -30.195 ppm/°C, and -30.115 ppm/°C, respectively. In addition, the sensor array enables wireless communication via antenna and transceiver circuits. This innovation heralds enhanced adaptability and applicability for SAW temperature sensor applications.

The Adhesion Characteristics and Aging Performance of Reversible Color-Changing Coatings for Self-Detection of Temperature by Power Equipment

In order to detect abnormal heat generation in time, a reversible color-changing coating temperature measurement method is proposed for self-detection of temperature by power equipment, and its adhesion characteristics and aging performance were analyzed. The results showed that the reversible color-changing coating prepared with crystalline violet lactone as the colorant, bisphenol A as the color developer, octadecanol as the solvent, and RTV-II as the base paint can meet the requirements of self-detection of temperature by power equipment with its adhesion performance. The accelerated aging tests using high temperature, light and humidity were carried out in the laboratory, and we concluded that the deterioration degree of the color-changing coating was positively correlated with the temperature. Light can accelerate the aging rate of reversible color-changing coatings, and the degradation process of the coating was significantly accelerated under UV light. The effect of humidity on the coating was not significant. The degradation of the coating after aging for 288 h under indoor conditions was small, while it was accelerated under outdoor natural conditions. This research can provide a reference for the on-site application of reversible color-changing coatings for self-detection of temperature by power equipment.