Production Methods Research Articles

Новообразования в публицистических текстах региональных СМИ на эрзянском языке: словообразовательный аспект (на материале журнала «Сятко» / «Искра»)

The aim of the research is to identify the lexical peculiarity and word-formation processes in journalistic texts of regional mass media. The paper examines neologisms, lexical units created based on the internal resources of the regional (Erzya) language. The work emphasizes the important role of the media in preserving, enriching, and transmitting native languages. The scientific novelty of the research lies in conducting a structural and semantic analysis of neologisms, which, based on extensive linguistic material, allowed for identifying and characterizing the main productive word-formation models and methods of word formation in the modern language of the media in Erzya. As a result of the research, it was found that the most productive methods of word formation include suffixation, root affixation, compounding, and substantivization. It was also noted that the neologisms identified from journalistic texts perform a stylistic function of influencing the reader (listener) due to their rich emotional-expressive charge and wide semantic content.

지속가능성을 위한 텍스타일디자인 산업의 도전과 혁신사례 연구

This study aims to systematically analyze the challenges and innovative cases for implementing sustainability in the textile design industry. The textile design industry plays a significant role in the global economy but also causes problems such as environmental pollution, resource waste, and social inequality due to large-scale production and consumption. This study presents various approaches to solve these problems and seeks strategic approaches for the sustainable development of the industry. From an environmental perspective, it emphasizes the importance of improving resource efficiency and adopting eco-friendly materials and production methods. From a social perspective, it presents cases that protect workers' rights and welfare and ensure fair working conditions. From an economic perspective, it analyzes the need for strategic approaches to secure technological innovation and global competitiveness. The study found that innovative companies such as Spinnova, DyeCoo, and Human Material Loop are attempting various innovative approaches to implement sustainability. This study provides concrete action plans to enhance sustainability in the textile design industry and contribute to promoting sustainable development across the industry.

Laser Metal Deposition of Rene 80—Microstructure and Solidification Behavior Modelling

New developments in nickel-based superalloys and production methods, such as the use of additive manufacturing (AM), can result in innovative designs for turbines. It is crucial to understand how the material behaves during the AM process to advance the industrial use of these techniques. An analytical model based on reaction–diffusion formalism is developed to better explain the solidification behavior of the material during laser metal deposition (LMD). The well-known Scheil–Gulliver theory has some drawbacks, such as the assumption of equilibrium at the solid–liquid interface, which is addressed by this method. The solidified fractions under the Scheil model and the pure equilibrium model are calculated using CALPHAD simulations. A differential scanning calorimeter is used to measure the heat flow during the solid–liquid phase transformation, the result of which is further converted to solidified fractions. The analytical model is compared with all the other models for validation.

Analytical Methods to Evaluate RNA Circularization Efficiency.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as pivotal players in RNA therapeutics. Unlike linear counterparts, circRNAs possess a closed-loop structure, conferring them with enhanced stability and resistance to degradation. Ribozyme-based strategy stands out as the predominant method for synthetic circRNA production, by precisely cleaving and promoting the formation of a covalent circular structure. However, there is still a lack of analytical methods that can provide high-throughput and quantitative analysis to facilitate the circRNA vector engineering process. In the report, we detail analytical methods to characterize and evaluate ribozyme-based RNA circularization efficiency. Our approach will capture the attention of researchers interested in optimizing RNA circularization efficiency, as well as those focused on exploring key elements for ribozyme catalytic activity.

Methods for Enhancing Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production: The Benefits of Applying Magnetic Fields

The electrolysis of water is one of the most promising ways of producing green hydrogen. This produces hydrogen using electricity and does not generate additional carbon dioxide like the more conventional reforming of fossil fuels. However, making electrolysis competitive with conventional methods for hydrogen production is a challenge because of the cost of electricity and because of inefficiencies and costs in electrolysis systems. Initially this review looks at the basic design of water electrolysis and asks where energy is lost. Then, a selection of the latest results in the area of magnetic field-enhanced water electrolysis are examined and discussed, in particular focusing on the empirical results of magnetic field-assisted electrolysis with the aim of comparing findings and identifying limitations of current studies such that recommendations can be made for advanced design of hydrogen producing electrolysis systems.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ДЕФИЦИТА ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ МОЩНОСТЕЙ НА ЗНАЧИМОМ ОБЪЕКТЕ КРИТИЧЕСКОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ

The aim of the study is to formalize the process of forecasting the computing power deficit at significant objects of critical information infrastructure using a functional model. The task is to create a correct functional model for forecasting the computing power deficit. To solve this problem, the BPwin software product and functional modelling methods are used. The novelty of the work lies in using the analytical alignment of dynamic series to forecast the computing power deficit at significant objects of critical information infrastructure. As the study result, the authors build a functional model of the process of forecasting the computing power deficit at significant objects of critical information infrastructure. Thus, the resulting functional model reflects the technological features of the process of forecasting the computing power deficit and can be automated and applied to significant objects of critical information infrastructure in the future.

Daya Saing Kacang Mete Indonesia Di Pasar Negara Tujuan Ekspor

Cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale) are a leading plantation commodity with high economic value, essential for the development of the agricultural industry. Despite their significant potential as an export commodity, the export value of Indonesian cashew nuts has tended to decline during the period from 2013 to 2022. The aim of this study is to measure the competitiveness and development position of Indonesian cashew nuts from 2013 to 2022 in export destination countries. The data used in this research are secondary data in the form of time series data. The time series data includes annual data over 10 years (2013-2022) with export destination countries being Vietnam, India, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Japan, and China. The methods used in this study are the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and X-Model Potential Export Product methods. The results of the study show the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Export Product Dynamics (EPD) values of Indonesian cashew nuts for the period 2013-2022 in the Vietnamese market with an RCA of 4.47 and a Lost Opportunity market position, India at 0.88 with a Retreat status, Singapore at 0.019 with a Falling Star status, Malaysia at 0.43 with a Lost Opportunity status, Sri Lanka at 21.55 with a Falling Star status, Japan at 7.36 with a Falling Star status, and China at 0.21 with a Rising Star market position. Meanwhile, the X-Model analysis shows that the market potential in Vietnam, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Japan, and Malaysia is classified as potential markets, the market potential in China is classified as an optimistic market, and the market potential in India is classified as a less potential market. As an export commodity, cashew nuts require proper handling and special attention. To ensure the quality, selling value, and strong competitiveness of cashew nuts, the government must continuously strive to enhance the selling value of cashew nuts through plantation development, garden and plant maintenance, and processing improvements.

Klímasemleges energiatermelés – Kilátások Magyarországon 2024-ben

In order to protect our planet's climate, it is important to reduce humanity's carbon dioxide emissions significantly. The energy sector is one of the most polluting industries, but the rapid spread of renewable energy sources over the past 20 years can significantly contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The study examined which energy sources are used to produce electricity in Hungary, and how the proportion of renewable energy has developed in recent years compared to more polluting energy production methods. There is a strong negative exponential relationship between the share of renewable energy and the carbon dioxide emissions of the energy sector, based on which the carbon dioxide emissions of the energy sector can be significantly reduced by increasing the share of renewable energy. A forecast was made for the renewable share based on past data and the revised state of the National Energy and Climate Plan in 2023, and a linear forecast was made for the energy sector's emissions. There is a strong exponential relationship between the data series. Both models examined in the study had strong explanatory power, but neither model supports the possibility of climate-neutral energy production by 2030.

Impacts of Humic Acid on Growth and Yield of Wheat: A Review

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crucial crop, providing 20% of caloric intake for many populations worldwide. Soil organic matter, an essential component of soil, directly influences soil fertility and texture. Humic substances, derived from biomolecules' physical, chemical, and microbiological transformation, are integral to soil humus. Humic acid has become a standard method for enhancing crop growth, yield, and soil fertility. While the effects of humic acid on wheat have been extensively studied, the optimal type and application method for wheat cultivation remain undetermined. This review investigates sustainable wheat production methods using humic acid to mitigate the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers and climate change factors. Research indicates that humic acid significantly increases wheat plant growth parameters: shoot length (18%), root length (29%), shoot dry weight (76%), root dry weight (100%), and chlorophyll content (96%). Moreover, humic acid substantially improves wheat yield and yield components, including spike length (14.66%), number of spikes per square meter (28.73%), number of spikelets per spike (23.52%), and 1000-grain weight (23.90%). As a sustainable organic substance, humic acid application offers a promising approach to improving wheat production. This method could help meet the food demands of the growing global population, particularly in countries like Afghanistan, where food security is a pressing concern.

The Best Tourism Recommendation Intelligent System Model: Weighted Product and K-Means Methods

Magelang Regency, with a wealth of tourist destinations with a variety of things, such as Borobudur Temple and Nepal Van Java, has extraordinary tourism potential. With this diversity, it is a challenge for tourists to determine the best tourist objects that suit their preferences. This study aims to develop an intelligent system for recommending the selection of the best tourist attractions in Magelang Regency by integrating the Weighted Product and K-Means Clustering Methods. The system is designed to provide accurate recommendations based on tourist criteria such as location, facilities, tickets, and security, as well as group attractions based on their level of potential. The Weighted Product method is used to determine the best tourist attractions, while K-Means Clustering groups tourist destinations into high, medium, and low potential categories. In this study, several stages were carried out: literature study, data collection, system design, data analysis, implementation, and system testing to produce an effective and efficient recommendation system for tourists in Magelang Regency. The results of this research obtained the best tourism, namely at Borobudur Temple.

RNAi-Based Approaches to Control Mycotoxin Producers: Challenges and Perspectives

Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is a worldwide problem that needs to be addressed with highly efficient and biologically safe techniques. RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism playing an important role in different processes in eukaryotes, including the regulation of gene expression, maintenance of genome stability, protection against viruses and others. Recently, RNAi-based techniques have been widely applied for the purposes of food safety and management of plant diseases, including those caused by mycotoxin-producing fungi. In this review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art RNAi-based approaches for reducing the aggressiveness of key toxigenic fungal pathogens and mycotoxin contamination of grain and its products. The ways of improving RNAi efficiency for plant protection and future perspectives of this technique, including progress in methods of double-stranded RNA production and its delivery to the target cells, are also discussed.

Laser Weeding Technology in Cropping Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Weed infestations pose significant challenges to global crop production, demanding effective and sustainable weed control methods. Traditional approaches, such as chemical herbicides, mechanical tillage, and plastic mulches, are not only associated with environmental concerns but also face challenges like herbicide resistance, soil health, erosion, moisture content, and organic matter depletion. Thermal methods like flaming, streaming, and hot foam distribution are emerging weed control technologies along with directed energy systems of electrical and laser weeding. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of laser weeding technology, comparing it with conventional methods and highlighting its potential environmental benefits. Laser weeding, known for its precision and targeted energy delivery, emerges as a promising alternative to conventional control methods. This review explores various laser weeding platforms, discussing their features, applications, and limitations, with a focus on critical areas for improvement, including dwell time reduction, automated navigation, energy efficiency, affordability, and safety standards. Comparative analyses underscore the advantages of laser weeding, such as reduced environmental impact, minimized soil disturbance, and the potential for sustainable agriculture. This paper concludes by outlining key areas for future research and development to enhance the effectiveness, accessibility, and affordability of laser weeding technology. In summary, laser weeding presents a transformative solution for weed control, aligning with the principles of sustainable and environmentally conscious agriculture, and addressing the limitations of traditional methods.

A Review of Conventional and Environmentally Sustainable Glitter

ABSTRACTPlastics offer several benefits, such as durability, versatility, and cost‐effectiveness, which have led to their pervasive use in nearly every aspect of modern life. However, their widespread use has led to significant environmental concerns. One of the major issues is their persistence in the environment, where they accumulate and cause contamination. This problem is particularly severe with plastic packaging and microparticles used in cosmetic products. As a result, the cosmetics industry started producing environmentally sustainable glitter. “Biodegradable” glitter is available in distinct compositions, mainly with a central base composed of a biodegradable material. This review focuses on academic research and patents related to glitter and biodegradable glitter, aiming to classify and compare commercially available options. Furthermore, this review analyzes scientific research on conventional glitter and its conclusions regarding environmental impact. For this, we used the keywords “glitter,” “biodegradable glitter,” “eco‐friendly glitter,” “natural glitter,” and “sustainable glitter” in the databases of Wiley, Science Direct, Springer, and Clarivate Analytics ISI—Web of Science. We also performed a bibliometric analysis using the keyword “glitter” in the Web of Science database to obtain a bibliometric map of publication trends in the field using VOSviewer software. The products identified in the search were analyzed for their components and biodegradation potential. These products were classified as “biodegradable” if they were composed entirely of biodegradable constituents and as “eco‐friendly” if only a portion of their constituents was biodegradable. We observed that several glitter products are incorrectly classified as biodegradable, demonstrating the need for standardized terminology that accurately reflects the composition of the glitter particles. Patent applications indicate a growing interest in developing environmentally safe glitter particles in recent years. Studies on conventional glitter mainly focus on its environmental impact or discuss analyzes for the identification and classification of glitter particles. The data gathered highlight the gaps in the field, mainly related to glitter production methods and the standardization of biodegradable glitter. Thus, studies in this direction are highly necessary.

The Role of Liquid Crystal Elastomers in Pioneering Biological Applications

Liquid crystal elastomers have shown an attractive potential for various biological applications due to their unique combination of mechanical flexibility and responsiveness to external stimuli. In this review, we will focus on a few examples of LCEs used with specific applications for biological/biomedical/environmental systems. So far, areas of innovation have been concentrating on the integration of LCEs to enhance stability under physiological conditions, ensure precise integration with biological systems, and address challenges related to optical properties and spatial control of deformation. However, several challenges and limitations must still be addressed to fully realize their potential in biomedical and environmental fields, and future research should focus on continuing to improve biocompatibility, response to the environment and chemical cues, mechanical properties, ensuring long-term stability, and establishing cost-effective production processes. So far, 3D/4D printing appears as a great promise to develop materials of high complexity, almost any shape, and high production output. However, researchers need to find ways to reduce synthesis costs to ensure that LCEs are developed using cost-effective production methods at a scale necessary for their specific applications’ needs.

‘Does this fecal microbiota transplant work?’ Quality assurance of capsule based fecal microbiota transplant production

Background Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurring Clostridioides Difficile Infections (rCDI). FMT administered via oral capsules (caFMT) offers several practical advantages to conventional liquid FMT. We began using caFMT in 2021 imported from an external institution. Based on similar production methods, we began our own caFMT production in 2022. We aimed to evaluate the quality of our caFMT. Study Design and Methods We created a database of all FMT treatments (n = 180) provided by our institution. Quality of all FMT was evaluated by treatment success rates. We compared our caFMT to the imported caFMT. Results Our caFMT yielded similar success rates compared to that of the imported caFMT, 65% (CI 95% 58–72%) and 72% (CI 95% 66–79%) respectively. FMT administered via colonoscopy had a significantly higher success rate, 79% (CI 95% 73–85%) than own our caFMT and other routes of administration. The combined success rate of treatments increased notably for all routes of administration when repeating FMT after prior failure. Discussion The fact that our caFMT compared similarly to the imported caFMT was viewed as a success in terms of quality assurance. Our caFMT had a slightly lower success rates compared to data from other studies, but could be affected by several other factors than our FMT-production methods. A lower success rate of caFMT compared to FMT via colonoscopy is acceptable due to the practical advantages offed by caFMT. Our study serves as a practical example, proving that of the standardization of caFMT production is indeed viable.

Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have revolutionized the landscape of cancer therapy, offering unprecedented specificity and diverse mechanisms to combat malignant cells. These biologic agents have emerged as a cornerstone in targeted cancer treatment, binding to specific antigens on cancer cells and exerting their therapeutic effects through various mechanisms, including inhibition of signaling pathways, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). The unique ability of mAbs to engage the immune system and directly interfere with cancer cell function has significantly enhanced the therapeutic armamentarium against a broad spectrum of malignancies. mAbs were initially studied in oncology; however, today, treatments have been developed for eye diseases. This review discusses the current applications of mAbs for the treatment of ocular diseases, discussing the specificity and the variety of mechanisms by which these molecules exhibit their therapeutic effects. The benefits, drawbacks, effectiveness, and risks associated with using mAbs in ophthalmology are highlighted, focusing on the most relevant ocular diseases and mAbs currently in use. Technological advances have led to in vitro production methods and recombinant engineering techniques, allowing the development of chimeric, humanized, and fully human mAbs. Nowadays, many humanized mAbs have several applications, e.g., for the treatment of age-related macular disease, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis, while studies about new applications of mAbs, such as for SARS-CoV-2 infection, are also currently ongoing to seek more efficient and safe approaches to treat this new ocular disease.

Do healthy and environmentally sustainable inflight foods matter to international flight passengers? Frequent vs. occasional flyers

Airlines continuously seek strategic ways to impress their passengers and build memorable experiences. Inflight food services as an imperative interaction, the research included healthy and environmentally sustainable attributes (e.g., production method, product origin), reflecting the emphasis on longevity/well-being and sustainability to design optimal inflight food bundles as well as the brand and taste attributes. This exploratory research investigated differences in inflight food preferences between frequent and occasional flyers. A total of 16 full-profile pairwise comparison questions of mixed levels for five attributes were given to the sample of international flight passengers (n = 490). The participants were asked to rate inflight food bundles using a 9-point Likert scale. The results indicate that healthy and environmentally sustainable inflight foods will be preferred over brand-named or tasty foods when served onboard. There were notable differences in inflight food preferences between occasional and frequent flyers. While both flyers preferred low-calorie and tasty foods made with nationally sourced ingredients, frequent flyers highly preferred branded foods made with organically grown ingredients. In contrast, occasional flyers desired generic branded foods made with conventionally grown ingredients. The study findings are discussed further to help airline marketers build a desirable inflight food bundle.

Deciphering Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis: A Distribution of Relaxation Times Approach

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEM-WE) is a promising method for hydrogen production, offering advantages over proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEM-WE), such as the use of nonprecious metal catalysts and perfluorosulfonic acid free membranes. Despite achieving impressive current densities, challenges in efficiency and stability remain. This study employs electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the equivalent circuit model (ECM) and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis to investigate AEM-WE cells. DRT analysis identifies and quantifies five loss mechanisms within the AEM-WE system, including hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions and ionic transport losses. Long-term experiments reveal catalyst degradation and its impact on performance, providing insights for targeted optimisation. The findings enhance understanding of the electrochemical processes in AEM-WE, offering pathways to improve stability and efficiency.

Deciphering Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis: A Distribution of Relaxation Times Approach

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEM-WE) is a promising method for hydrogen production, offering advantages over proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEM-WE), such as the use of nonprecious metal catalysts and perfluorosulfonic acid free membranes. Despite achieving impressive current densities, challenges in efficiency and stability remain. This study employs electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the equivalent circuit model (ECM) and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis to investigate AEM-WE cells. DRT analysis identifies and quantifies five loss mechanisms within the AEM-WE system, including hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions and ionic transport losses. Long-term experiments reveal catalyst degradation and its impact on performance, providing insights for targeted optimisation. The findings enhance understanding of the electrochemical processes in AEM-WE, offering pathways to improve stability and efficiency.

Mechanistic Insights into Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles at the Micro- and Macro-levels.

Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been regarded as a legacy nanomaterial due to their widespread usage across multiple fields. The TiO2 NPs have been and are still extensively used as a food and cosmetic additive and in wastewater and sewage treatment, paints, and industrial catalysis as ultrafine TiO2. Recent developments in nanotechnology have catapulted it into a potent antibacterial and anticancer agent due to its excellent photocatalytic potential that generates substantial amounts of highly reactive oxygen radicals. The method of production, surface modifications, and especially size impact its toxicity in biological systems. The anatase form of TiO2 (<30 nm) has been found to exert better and more potent cytotoxicity in bacteria as well as cancer cells than other forms. However, owing to the very small size, anatase particles are able to penetrate deep tissue easily; hence, they have also been implicated in inflammatory reactions and even as a potent oncogenic substance. Additionally, TiO2 NPs have been investigated to assess their toxicity to large-scale ecosystems owing to their excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating potential compounded with widespread usage over decades. This review discusses in detail the mechanisms by which TiO2 NPs induce toxic effects on microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, as well as in cancer cells. It also attempts to shed light on how and why it is so prevalent in our lives and by what mechanisms it could potentially affect the environment on a larger scale.