Preservation Methods Research Articles

Preservation of Plastic Cultural Heritage. A Review

This article deals with the broad topic of the conservation of plastics, which, as objects of historical or artistic value an essential part of collections all around the world. This review focuses on the risks associated with plastic art, its degradation pathways, methods of identification and characterization, and currently used methods of preservation. Besides the literature review, an online survey of European museums and galleries was conducted, which allowed us to gain an overview of the current state of plastic conservation. Twelve institutions participated in the survey and there is a marked difference in the level of information regarding plastics in their collections. The results underline the relevance and urgency of this issue if we want to prevent the irreversible losses of cultural heritage, as many institutions do not have the means to ensure the effective protection of plastic artifacts. The study of available resources shows us that great progress has been made in recent years, but further research and improvement are still needed.

A generalized energy and QUadratic Invariant Preserving (GEQUIP) method for Hamiltonian systems with multiple invariants

It is well-known that the symplecticity and energy-conservation are the most characteristic properties of a Hamiltonian system. Meanwhile, many Hamiltonian problems allow the presence of multiple physical invariants, besides energy. This paper deals with a generalization of the EQUIP methods defined in Brugnano et al. [1], aimed at introducing additional parameters to attain further multiple invariants conservation properties, together with the symplecticity of the map. The solvability of the nonlinear system arising from the conservation requirements on multiple invariants is proved and the order of convergence on the method is discussed. Some numerical tests are reported in order to confirm the efficiency of the methods, which shows the good multiple invariants preserving property of the proposed method compared to Gauss collocation methods and EQUIP methods.

Micropropagation and Shoot Tip Cryopreservation of 'Sunny Gold' Freesia.

Cryopreservation is a promising method for the long-term preservation of plant germplasm, especially for vegetatively propagated species like freesias. In this study, we investigate streamlining the cryopreservation process for 'Sunny Gold' Freesia, starting from effective in vitro initiation and proliferation using various plant growth regulator combinations. We also assess the impact of subculture on regrowth rates after cryopreservation. The shoot tips were successfully initiated in vitro after sterilization. The shoots were multiplied an average of three times in media containing N6-benzyladenine and kinetin. The regrowth rates of non-cryopreserved shoot tips excised from different subculture cycles did not differ significantly, with rates of 44% observed for plants from more than five subcultures and 47% for those from three subcultures. However, only the shoot tips excised from cultures subjected to three subculture cycles were able to recover after cryopreservation, with a regrowth rate of 31%. Our findings lay the groundwork for the development of an efficient cryopreservation protocol for freesias in the future.

A 12-year overview of fertility preservation practice in Nordic pediatric oncology centers.

Fertility preservation is the only option to safeguard fertility following gonadotoxic treatments. This study aimed to provide an updated status on fertility preservation for pediatric cancer patients in the Nordic countries. A questionnaire consisting of 14 questions was sent to directors of 18 main pediatric oncology centers in the Nordic countries in 2010 and 2022. We received information regarding indications, guidelines, counseling, and available fertility preservation options. The response rates were 89% in 2010 and 72% in 2022. The results reveal an increase in clinical practice guidelines on fertility preservation for cancer patients, from 25% in 2010 to 70% in 2022. Counseling on fertility preservation options in 2022 was more specific and offered to most patients who fulfilled indications for fertility preservation (from 19 to 77%). Sperm cryopreservation continues to be the predominant fertility preservation method for pubertal boys in the Nordic countries. However, there has been a notable increase in the availability of testicular tissue preservation for prepubertal boys (0 to 62%). A similar increase in the offer of ovarian tissue preservation for prepubertal girls (0 to 92%) was observed among pediatric cancer patients. The past decade has shown commendable advancements in fertility preservation for pediatric cancer patients in the Nordic countries. As fertility care evolves globally, continuous assessment of regional practices and challenges is imperative to enhance the quality of care and life for pediatric cancer survivors in the Nordic regions.

Exploring Preservation Modalities in a Split Human Pancreas Model to Investigate the Effect on the Islet Isolation Outcomes.

In islet transplantation, the use of dynamic hypothermic preservation techniques is a current challenge. This study compares the efficacy of 3 pancreas preservation methods: static cold storage, hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP), and oxygenated HMP. A standardized human pancreas split model was employed using discarded organs from both donation after brain death (n = 15) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) (n = 9) donors. The pancreas head was preserved using static cold storage (control group), whereas the tail was preserved using the 3 different methods (study group). Data on donor characteristics, pancreas histology, isolation outcomes, and functional tests of isolated islets were collected. Insulin secretory function evaluated by calculating stimulation indices and total amount of secreted insulin during high glucose stimulation (area under the curve) through dynamic perifusion experiments was similar across all paired groups from both DCD and donation after brain death donors. In our hands, islet yield (IEQ/g) from the pancreas tails used as study groups was higher than that of the pancreas heads as expected although this difference did not always reach statistical significance because of great variability probably due to suboptimal quality of organs released for research purposes. Moreover, islets from DCD organs had greater purity than controls (P ≤ 0.01) in the HMP study group. Furthermore, our investigation revealed no significant differences in pancreas histology, oxidative stress markers, and apoptosis indicators. For the first time, a comparative analysis was conducted, using a split model, to assess the effects of various preservation methods on islets derived from pancreas donors. Nevertheless, no discernible variances were observed in terms of islet functionality, histological attributes, or isolation efficacy. Further investigations are needed to validate these findings for clinical application.

Navigating Fertility Preservation Options in Gynecological Cancers: A Comprehensive Review.

(1) Background: Currently, an increasing number of women postpone pregnancy beyond the age of 35. Gynecological cancers affect a significant proportion of women of reproductive age, necessitating the development of fertility preservation methods to fulfill family planning. Consequently, providing treatment options that preserve fertility in women diagnosed with gynecological cancers has become a crucial component of care for survivors. (2) Methods: We conducted an extensive search of relevant scientific publications in PubMed and Embase databases and performed a narrative review, including high-quality peer-reviewed research on fertility after being treated for gynecologic cancers, reporting pregnancy rates, birth rates, and pregnancy outcomes in cancer survivors as well as therapeutic options which partially preserve fertility and methods for obtaining a pregnancy in survivors. (3) Discussion: The medicine practiced today is focused on both treating the neoplasm and preserving the quality of life of the patients, with fertility preservation being an important element of this quality. This leads to an improved quality of life, allowing these women to become mothers even in the seemingly adverse circumstances posed by such a pathology. However, although there are guidelines on female fertility preservation in the context of neoplasms, an analysis shows that physicians do not routinely consider it and do not discuss these options with their patients. (4) Conclusions: Advancements in medicine have led to a better understanding and management of gynecological neoplasms, resulting in increased survival rates. Once the battle against these neoplasms is won, the issue of preserving the quality of life for these women arises, with fertility preservation being an important aspect for women who have not yet fulfilled their family planning desires at the time of diagnosis. It is important for patients to be informed about the available options for fertility preservation and to be encouraged to make informed decisions in collaboration with their medical team. Standardized recommendations for onco-fertility into guidelines should be taken into consideration in the future.

Comparison of the overall survival of different treatment methods in patients with Muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A retrospective study.

Bladder-Sparing Approach was presented in patients who are not willing or not suitable for Radical Cystectomy (RC). There have been inconsistencies in the literature regarding the comparison of survival rates of these two methods. Our objective is to evaluate the survival rate of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) undergoing different treatment methods. Retrospective cross-sectional study. A secondary care, multicenter study in Kerman, Iran 2008 to 2016. All 200 patients who were diagnosed with Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer and were admitted to our hospitals. Patients with inaccessible medical files and patients with pathologies other than TCC were excluded. Radical cystectomy and different methods of bladder preservation were compared based on their survival rate. Radical cystectomy or bladder preservation. Overall survival of the patients was 2 years [95% CI: 1.37-2.63]. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients with MIBC was 32%. Having a 6.4 years overall survival, the RC group showed the highest survival compared with others (p = 0.01); the overall survival of patients undergoing TMT, TURT, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy monotherapy was 3.15 years [95% CI: 2.242-4.061], 4.06 [95% CI: 3.207-4.931], 2.58 [95% CI: 1.767-3.399], and 3.14 [95% CI: 1.614-4.672] years, respectively. Patients younger than 65 undergoing RC had an overall survival of 7 years, compared with 2 years for the TMT group. (p = 0.0001). The Bladder-Preservation method, as a replacement for RC, showed a lower overall survival rate in our study. A prospective randomized clinical trial may declare the best treatment.

Nutritional improvement of cactus fruit scraps with addition of alfalfa or Atriplex halimus, and comparison of two animal feed preservation methods (silage and solar drying)

This work aimed to study the effect of adding alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Atriplex halimus L. on biochemical properties, microbial flora, ferment silage and solar-dried cactus fruit scraps. Alfalfa and Atriplex were added to cactus silage to improve nutrient quality. Three mixtures were prepared: M1 based on cactus, M2 based on cactus and alfalfa, and M3 based on cactus and Atriplex. Bran and wheat straw were added to the mixtures to improve the moisture content. After adding alfalfa and Atriplex, the protein content of the pre-ensiling material increased (p < 0.05), reaching 10.63% DM for M1, 16.35% DM for M2, and 17.22% DM for M3. During ensilage, a significant amount of sugar and protein was degraded. All silage treatments achieved stable pH values (M1: 4.35, M2: 4.55, and M3: 4.54). The M2 and M3 treatments had the highest amount of protein. After drying, the protein content of the dried treatments was higher than that of the ensiled treatments (8.05% DM for M1, 14.96% DM for M2, and 15.36% DM for M3). In both storage methods, the microbial population declined. However, silage reduces coliforms, yeasts and moulds more efficiently than solar drying. The drying operation preserves remarkedly the nutritional quality of the mixtures while ensiling reduces the number of undesirable microorganisms.

Biological Activities of Citrus-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Human Cells: The Role of Preservation.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as important mediators for cell-to-cell communication. Citrus-based EVs in particular offer an excellent platform for nutraceutical delivery systems, as their endemic cargo includes micronutrients (e.g., ascorbic acid), which contribute to their antioxidant capacity. Despite being extensively investigated as to their therapeutic and diagnostic potential, their cargo is inherently unstable and thus directly affected by their storage and preservation. In this study, EVs were isolated from citrus fruit using tangential flow filtration and evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity and effects on human cells. To assess how their isolation and preservation methods affect these properties, the EVs were tested immediately after isolation (from fresh and freeze-thawed juices) or following freeze-drying. A measurable biological effect of cryoprotection on citrus-derived EVs was evident, whether during or after isolation. This was more pronounced in the cell-based assays, ranging from -4% to +32% in human skin fibroblast proliferation. Nevertheless, the effects on human cancer cells varied depending on the cell line. Although these results should be considered preliminary observations, subject to further investigation, it is safe to state that any type of preservation is expected to impact the EVs' biological activity.

Multimedia Photogrammetry for Automated 3D Monitoring in Archaeological Waterlogged Wood Conservation

Abstract. This study addresses the challenges inherent in preserving archaeological waterlogged wood, which is prone to deformation and decay if not stabilized immediately after recovery. Conventional preservation methods, such as impregnation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions, often result in undesirable dimensional changes. To obtain exact spatio-temporal information on the deformations during the conservation process, a photogrammetric monitoring system, utilizing a stereo camera facing from air into the liquid, attached to an automated biaxial measurement unit is proposed. Special target heads were developed and attached to the wood to provide deformation points. Refraction correction was applied to the imaging model by ray tracing, and indirect flat lighting was used to mitigate turbidity. The system observed logs from a wooden track from the first century, subject to conservation. Subject of investigation were the influence of refraction negligence and scale definition in a bundle geometry, similar to bathymetric aerial setups. Results show that refraction correction is imperative for good results. Furthermore, scale definition with highly accurately determined scale bars and inclusion of relative orientation constraints provide further accuracy improvements.

Impact of Aging Methods and Frozen Storage on Beef Quality Attributes from Different Finishing Diets

The effects of finishing diet (pasture or grain) and meat preservation method on beef&amp;rsquo;s physicochemical, micro- biological, and sensory attributes were evaluated. The preservation methods assessed were dry aging in bag (DAb) and wet aging (WA) for 40 d, and then frozen storage (Fr) ([DAb + Fr] and [WA + Fr]) for 180 d. Sixty striploins (Longissimus lumborum) from British breed steers (n = 15 from pasture and n = 15 from grain-based diet) were used. Lightness (L*) was only affected by finishing diet where meat from grain-fed steers was lighter than those fed on pasture (P &amp;lt; 0.01). DAb meat had higher pH (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and lower cooking losses (P &amp;lt; 0.01) than WA. DAb + Fr had the highest Psychotrophic bacteria counts compared to WA + Fr, DAb and WA (P &amp;lt; 0.01). DAb and DAb + Fr increased Enterobacteriaceae bacteria counts (P &amp;lt; 0.01) compared to WA and WA + Fr. DAb + Fr samples had the lowest L*, a*, and b* values. No interaction between physicochemical characteristics (color coordinates, pH, cooking losses, and shear force) and surface microbiological load was observed (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Greater polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA n-3, conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11 &amp;ndash; 18:2) (P &amp;lt; 0.01), and PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and lower n-6:n-3 ratio (P &amp;lt; 0.01) were observed in pasture- than grain-fed steers. The consumer sensory panel showed acceptable scores for all treatments, although some differences between attributes were detected by cluster analysis. Different aging methods followed by a frozen storage period could be used to produce and export meat with the required quality attributes to meet consumer expectations

Origanum dubium Boiss. (Cypriot oregano) Use for the Preservation of Fresh Spearmint Quality and Safety

Very little is known about the preservation and storage of fresh medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) and/or herbs. As with many leafy vegetables, i.e., lettuce, fresh spearmint is a very perishable product throughout the production line and requires special handling/processing. The current study aimed to examine the antibacterial activity of selected MAPs (Origanum dubium, Salvia fruticosa and Sideritis cypria) grown in Cyprus towards foodborne pathogens. Then, the most effective MAPs’ essential oil (EO) and hydrosol (at different doses; combination of concentration and time of dipping submerge) were tested to preserve fresh spearmint quality and safety. The results showed that O. dubium EO and hydrosol presented great in vitro antibacterial activity against four foodborne pathogens and those products were further selected for application on fresh spearmint. During sensory evaluation, it was observed that higher O. dubium EO concentrations and longer time of application resulted into a less marketable product (less acceptable with less spearmint-like aroma), while hydrosol resulted in a more marketable product even at high doses. In general, EO and hydrosol applications increased spearmint’s antioxidants (including polyphenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid), resulting in a product of increased nutritional value. The bacterial populations of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on fresh spearmint were decreased with the EO and hydrosol application doses applied, and their effects were evident even after six days of storage at 4 °C. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that O. dubium EO and hydrosol could be a potential sanitation method for fresh spearmint preservation.

A Novel Privacy Preservation Scheme by Matrix Factorized Deep Autoencoder

Data transport entails substantial security to avoid unauthorized snooping as data mining yields important and quite often sensitive information that must be and can be secured using one of the myriad Data Privacy Preservation methods. This study aspires to provide new knowledge to the study of protecting personal information. The key contributions of the work are an imputation method for filling in missing data before learning item profiles and the optimization of the Deep Auto-encoded NMF with a customizable learning rate. We used Bayesian inference to assess imputation for data with 13%, 26%, and 52% missing at random. By correcting any inherent biases, the results of decomposition problems may be enhanced. As the statistical analysis tool, MAPE is used. The proposed approach is evaluated on the Wiki dataset and the traffic dataset, against state-of-the-art techniques including BATF, BGCP, BCPF, and modified PARAFAC, all of which use a Bayesian Gaussian tensor factorization. Using this approach, the MAPE index is decreased for data which avails privacy safeguards than its corresponding original forms.

Investigation of Freezing and Freeze-Drying for Preserving and Re-Using a Whole Microbial Cheese Community.

Preserving microbial ecosystems obtained from traditional cheese-making processes is crucial to safeguarding the biodiversity of microbial cheese communities and thus ensuring that the high flavor quality of traditional cheeses is maintained. Few protocols have been proposed for the long-term storage of microbial consortia. This work aimed to develop preservation methods to stabilize the entire microbial community in smear-ripened cheese without multiplication or isolation. A simplified microbial community, capable of reproducing the metabolic pattern of cheese maturation, was used in three independent cheese productions. Cheese samples were taken before and after the ripening step, mixed with maltodextrin or saline solution, and subjected to different stabilization conditions including freezing and freeze-drying, followed by 1 month of storage. Microbial survival was quantified using the colony-forming unit assay. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to relate the physical events occurring within the samples to the microbial storage stability. Freezing at -80 °C resulted in the lowest loss of culturability (<0.8 log unit), followed by freezing at -20 °C and freeze-drying. The ripening bacteria appeared as the most sensitive microorganisms within the community. Moreover, a successful cheese production using the best-stabilized community showed the possibility of preserving and re-using an entire microbial community of interest.

Fertility preservation in lymphoma patients treated with immunochemotherapy regimens with or without radiotherapy: results of a retrospective multicenter Italian study (Ferty care)

This is a retrospective, multicentric study, aimed to describe the real-life application of fertility preservation methods during treatment in female lymphoma patients, aged 18–40 years old, diagnosed between Oct 1st/2010 and May 31st/2018. Among 414 women included, median age was 28 years old, histologies were: HL 74%, PMBCL 13%, DLBCL 10%, others 3%. First line treatments were: ABVD in 295 (71%), R-CHOP like in 102 (25%), higher intensity regimens in 17 (4%) cases. Fertility preservation strategies were: GnRHa in 315 (78%), Oral Contraceptive in 41 (10%), oocytes and ovarian tissue cryopreservation in 55 and 42 patients, respectively. After therapy, we observed a restored regular period in 293 (70%) and premature ovarian failure (POF) in 33 (8%), Furthermore we recorded 43 pregnancies, all spontaneous with 5 years median follow-up. Median age at diagnosis and number of lines of treatment correlate with higher rate of amenorrhea, risk of POF and menopause (p < 0.001).

Effect of oxidized starch on the storage stability of frozen raw noodles: Water distribution, protein structure, and quality attributes.

Freezing is a popular method of food preservation with multiple advantages. However, it may change the internal composition and quality of food. This study aimed to investigate the effect of modified starch on the storage stability of frozen raw noodles (FRNs) under refrigerated storage conditions. Oxidized starch (OS), a modified starch, is widely used in the food industry. In the present study, texture and cooking loss rate analyses showed that the hardness and chewiness of FRNs with added OS increased and the cooking loss rate decreased during the frozen storage process. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance characterization confirmed that the water-holding capacity of FRNs with OS was enhanced. When 6% OS was added, the maximum freezable water content of FRNs was lower than the minimum freezable water content (51%) of FRNs without OS during freezing. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that after the addition of OS, the secondary structures beneficial for structural maintenance were increased, forming a denser protein network and improving the microstructure of FRNs. In summary, the water state, protein structure, and quality characteristics of FRNs were improved by the addition of OS within an appropriate range.

Optimization of process parameters of refractance window drying for aonla slices and comparison with other drying techniques.

Aonla is as a good source of antioxidants due to its high ascorbic acid and polyphenol contents. However, because of its high acidity and astringent taste, aonla is rarely consumed in its fresh form. As the constituents in aonla are heat sensitive, it is essential to find a suitable drying method for preservation. Therefore, refractance window drying (RWD) of aonla slices was studied as it has the potential of retaining heat-sensitive compounds. The effect of RWD process variables, namely water temperature (75, 82.5, 90 °C) and slice thickness (2, 4, 6 mm), on different quality parameters of dehydrated aonla was studied. Increasing water temperature resulted in significantly higher ascorbic acid content, titratable acidity and product temperature, while total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity and moisture content decreased. With the exception of product temperature, higher slice thickness led to an increase in the values of all the parameters. At the optimized processing conditions of 83 °C water temperature and 4 mm slice thickness, the ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity, titratable acidity and moisture content values were found to be 269.03 mg (100 g)-1, 242.33 mg (100 g)-1, 87.11%, 3.62% and 4% respectively. The aonla slices subjected to RWD also possessed 4-6% higher phytochemical content than osmotically dried and hot-air-dried samples. This research highlights the effectiveness of RWD in preserving heat-sensitive compounds in food like aonla. The RW-dried slices had a smoother and more uniform microstructure compared to osmotically dried and hot-air-dried samples. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Recent Trends in the Pre-Drying, Drying, and Post-Drying Processes for Cassava Tuber: A Review.

Cassava tuber is an essential staple crop in tropical regions with versatile applications in the food, feed, and industrial sectors. However, its high moisture content and perishable nature necessitate efficient preservation methods to extend its shelf life and enhance its value. Pre-drying, drying, and post-drying processes play pivotal roles in maintaining the quality and usability of cassava products. This review comprehensively examines the current status and future directions in the pre-drying, drying, and post-drying processes of cassava tuber. Various pre-drying or pretreatment methods and drying techniques are evaluated for their impacts on drying kinetics and product quality. Additionally, challenges and limitations in achieving high-quality processing of cassava flour are identified. Future directions in cassava drying methods emphasize the integration of combined pre-drying and drying techniques to optimize resource utilization and processing efficiency. Furthermore, the adoption of advanced online measurement and control technologies in drying equipment is highlighted for real-time monitoring and optimization of drying parameters. The importance of optimizing existing processes to establish a comprehensive cassava industrial chain and foster the development of the cassava deep-processing industry is emphasized. This review provides valuable insights into the current trends and future prospects in cassava drying technologies, aiming to facilitate sustainable and efficient utilization of cassava resources for various applications.

The Impact of Physicochemical Conditions on Lactic Acid Bacteria Survival in Food Products

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), due to their many advantageous features, have been utilized in food manufacturing for centuries. Spontaneous fermentation, in which LAB play a fundamental role, is one of the oldest methods of food preservation. LAB survival and viability in various food products are of great importance. During technological processes, external physicochemical stressors appear often in combinations. To ensure the survival of LAB, adjustment of optimal physicochemical conditions should be considered. LAB strains should be carefully selected for particular food matrices and the technological processes involved. The LAB’s robustness to different environmental stressors includes different defense mechanisms against stress, including the phenomenon of adaptation, and cross-protection. Recently established positive health effects and influence on human wellbeing have caused LAB to be some of the most desirable microorganisms in the food industry. A good understanding of LAB defense and adaptation mechanisms can lead to both optimization of food production and storage conditions, as well as to obtaining LAB strains with increased tolerance to stressors. Hopefully, as a result, the final food product with naturally present or added LAB can achieve outstanding quality and safety with health benefits that meet consumer expectations.

AMH levels after initial cycles of chemotherapy in female adolescents with Ewing sarcoma and implications for preservation of fertility.

10067 Background: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been recommended as the primary surveillance modality for evaluation of ovarian insufficiency in females. Patients with Ewing sarcoma receive VDC-IE chemotherapy which is estimated high risk of gonadotoxic injury. Previous studies have shown that only a small part of female patients with Ewing sarcoma show signs of ovarian recovery during long-term follow-up, similar to those treated with SCT or abdominal radiotherapy. Time to start preservation of fertility should be defined in this group of patients. Methods: In this observational study, we prospectively investigated AMH as a measure of ovarian function in female adolescents (less than 18 years old) with Ewing sarcoma who received initial chemotherapy in our hospital. Patients previously treated with systemic treatment were excluded. Serum levels of AMH were measured at the laboratory of Peking University People’s Hospital. Blood samples were collected at the first day of the initial two cycles of VDC-IE treatment, before local therapy including surgical resection and radial radiation, and at the end of chemotherapy. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.0 version. Results: A total of 53 female adolescents with Ewing sarcoma who received initial chemotherapy in our hospital were analyzed from February 1, 2021 to December 31, 2023, including 35 patients aging from 6 to 12 (group 1), 18 patients aging from 12 to 18 (group 2). 255 blood samples from unique time points were measured. The baseline mean AMH were 4.16 (90% CI, 1.88 – 9.42) ng/mL in all patients, 3.58 (90% CI, 1.40 – 6.91) ng/mL for group1 and 5.28 (90% CI, 3.10 – 9.48) ng/mL for group 2. The mean AMH level after first cycle of chemotherapy was 0.43 (90% CI, 0.03 – 0.81) ng/mL in all patients, 0.40 (90% CI, 0.03 – 0.69) ng/mL and 0.47 (90% CI, 0.12 – 1.09) ng/mL for each group at a mean time of 16.5 days after initial chemotherapy. The mean AMH level before local therapy was 0.17 (90% CI, 0.03 – 0.37) ng/mL and 0.07 (90% CI, 0.01 – 0.32) ng/mL at the end of chemotherapy. Conclusions: Female adolescents with Ewing sarcoma treated by VDC-IE regimen showed a rapid reduction of AMH after initial cycles. Methods for preservation of fertility should be implemented as soon as possible but not at the same time of local therapy.