Notation Method Research Articles

Pemodelan Proses Bisnis Input Nilai Berbasis OBE pada Sistem Informasi Akademik UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

The Academic Information System of UIN Sunan Kalijaga is a system where all information related to academic issues is contained in it. Business modeling in the academic information system of UIN Sunan Kalijaga uses the Business Process Model and Notation method and is assisted by Visual Paradigm tools. This modeling focuses on the value input features performed by the lecturer. The research method used was observation of the value input guide document and direct interviews with the lecturer concerned. The results obtained, the parties who play a role in this process are study programs whose role is to fill in the CP and CPMK. Lecturers play the role of making assessments, relating assessments to CPMK and Bloom's Taxonomy, and entering scores in each assessment. The last party who plays a role in this process is the student, whose role is to see the output or final result of the value of each course.

초등 음악 교과서 정간보 용례 분석을 통한 정간보 용어 재정립 방안 모색

Jeongganbo (井間譜), a notation method that replaces the time value of the sound with the area of space by creating a space in the shape of the letter ‘jeong’ (井), is characterized by the uniqueness that requires notating one or more musical elements, such as pitch, rhythmic pattern, playing technique, and lyrics, in each space. Due to the fundamental characteristics of jeongganbo, various types of jeongganbo have been developed and utilized in Korean traditional music education of general schools, but research on names or conceptual errors indicating various types of jeongganbo has not been conducted, raising the need for research. Accordingly, this study reviews the terminology and concepts of jeongganbo presented in the current 8-9 types of elementary school music textbooks, further analyzing the use of various jeongganbo types and seeking ways to redefine jeongganbo terminology for effective discrimination of the current single name of jeongganbo. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, there are some errors in the concepts of jeongganbo stated in dictionaries and compendia, including the statement that the pitch in addition to the time value is notated. In addition, the concept of jeongganbo presented in the current elementary school music textbooks was mainly presented to teach 5th and 6th graders how to play traditional wind instruments, danso and sogeum. While 7 types of the textbooks is relatively accurate in using it, 1 type makes an error. Second, the result of the analysis after classifying the types of jeongganbo used in the current 8-9 types of elementary school music textbooks according to the notation type and notation method of notation content (music elements) is that the notation form of jeongganbo is divided into vertical and horizontal types. The result of classifying and examining the use of jeongganbo according to the way musical elements such as syllable of rhythmic patterns, name of pitch, melodic line, lyrics and others are notated is that various types of jeongganbo for a whole musical piece, one rhythmic pattern beat, or one line have been developed and they are widely used across 3rd to 6th grades, depending on the instruction content or instruction stage. Third, there are the principle of generating terms to differentiate and refer to various types of jeongganbo. First, there is separation by notation type; second, separation by notation method of music element; third, separation by the level of notation method even for the same musical element; fourth, unification of terms in the case of the same functional notation method of a single music element; and fifth, it is referred as jeongganchongbo when two or more musical elements are combined. The names of many jeongganbo created by these principles are classified into sub-concepts such as ‘horizontal/vertical jeongganbo’, ‘horizontal/vertical jeongganchongbo’, ‘horizontal/vertical gueum-jeongganbo’, ‘horizontal/vertical yulja-jeongganbo’, ‘horizontal/vertical garakseonjeongganbo’, ‘horizontal/vertical gasa-jeongganbo’, and ‘horizontal/vertical gita-jeongganbo’; and all these sub-concepts leads to the higher concept, jeongganbo. It is assumed that various types of jeongganbo will continue to be developed and utilized in the future, which is a phenomenon that highlights the inherent characteristics of jeongganbo as an open score, and its infinite succession and development is expected.

Cartographic models in environmental studies

In this paper, as part of the preparation for a dissertation study on the creation of an eco-cartographic tool of geographic information systems, we consider the use of cartographic models in environmental research. Modeling is a widely used research method in various scientific fields, characterized by its versatility. It can be adapted to solve a variety of tasks, but within specific scientific fields it may undergo large-scale changes due to the nature of the tasks at hand. Cartographic materials are a special kind of modeling, which is not included in standard classifications because of its unique properties. Cartographic models have specific properties that allow them to study complex natural and human-made systems while taking into account spatial components and preserving key parameters. Thematic maps, which are the main means of presenting research findings in the field of Earth sciences, require the use of cartography and geoinformatics in the study of objects and phenomena. This paper provides justification for the significant role that cartographic models and the tools of geoinformation systems play in environmental research. Environmental research is considered a complex system of interconnected processes, and this paper demonstrates how cartographic materials and geographic information systems can be used at different stages to make it more effective. The paper breaks down and presents graphical visualizations using the Business-Process Modeling Notation method to model and describe business-processes. The results show that using cartographic materials and geographic information systems in environmental research allows for more effective preparation of work, studying the relationships between various objects and environmental phenomena, and developing recommendations and strategies for managing risk. The creation of eco-cartographic materials using geographic information systems helps to develop geoinformatics and cartography, as well as contributing to the field of ecology. These materials provide increased visibility for materials that illustrate environmental parameters.

IMPLEMENTASI ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING BERBASIS OPEN SOURCE PADA USAHA SETIA MOTOR TARUTUNG

Utilization of technology is one of the steps that can be taken by MSMEs to compete with other MSMEs. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is one of the information technologies that can be used by MSMEs. Setia Motor Tarutung is one of the MSMEs in needed implementation of the ERP to help integrate data and optimize currently business processes. This study aims to configure and conduct testing the ERP system with the Dolibarr application that can meet the business process needs of MSME Setia Motor Tarutung. The business process modeling will provide information regarding the current needs of MSME Setia Motor Tarutung. Thus, it is possible to modify an open source-based ERP system using the Dolibarr application and produce an ERP system that is able to meet the needed for current. The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) method is used to identify the business processes of MSME Setia Motor Tarutung. Testing of the configured ERP system is carried out using the Black-Box Testing method. From the research conducted, it is found that business process modeling with the BPMN method has a major influence on the success of ERP implementation. From the results of the analysis, design and implementation, it was found that the basic Dolibarr modules and features were able to meet the needs of MSME business processes. The system test results show that all functions of the ERP system that have been configured can be used by owners properly and also meet the need of MSME Setia Motor Tarutung.

Characteristics of notational expression by decomposition of Steven Holl’s sketches

PurposeThis study is about the expression of sketches in Steven Holl's architectural works. Holl shares his architectural ideas as watercolors with his staff, and he has established an original notational expression for the design process. This study investigates the elements of sketches as a notation method and examines the timeline changes.Design/methodology/approachClassification will be conducted using KJ method (Kawakita Jiro method), a method for organizing information developed by the Japanese cultural anthropologist Kawakita Jiro. Using the KJ method, this study compiled a list as a table about the pictures, letters, etc. in the sketches and grouped them together in the same attributes. The attributes that were grouped together were identified as elements of the sketches.FindingsAs a result, in the early 1970s, Holl used only line drawings for sketches, but since the 1980s, watercolor sketches have been increasingly used. Extracting the elements of sketches, it can divide them into drawing and describing expressions and classify them into three main types of pictorial expressions: Overview, Plan and Concept.Originality/valueThis study has shown that the closer the sketches were to the present, the more they combined elements of a more complex sketch with letters and symbols as well as pictorial expressions. This is the first study to investigate about sketch representations established as notations by Steven Holl. This study identified the elements that make the architectural concept visible through sketches.

Lost in transcription

This article focuses on the transcription of vocal folk music in Norway, and furthermore on how such transcriptions are used and interpreted. It could be stated that notation, as we know it today, is not fully feasible for use in folk music. Nevertheless, this is today the most common and widespread written notation method both for documentation, research and training in folk music. The article asks whether today’s notation is an adequate model for transcribing folk songs, and further what consequences it may have for the genre if the transcriptions do not render a sufficiently nuanced picture of the sounding material. The analyses are based on an empirical material taken from a review of eleven sheet music samples, with vocal transcriptions from the last forty years. In addition, they build on an overall study of the tradition for writing down folk music in general, and discussions related to this. The study shows that the vocal collections are largely characterized by simplified transcriptions, with few genre-­specific features noted in the transcriptions. Through various findings, a need is outlined to develop the written language in order to better adapt the transcriptions to the expression of the genre. Through linguistic and sociological theories, the topic is discussed with a focus on different power perspectives.

교과서 내 장단의 개념 정립 방안 연구

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present a unified method of notating the correct concept of Jangdan in textbooks by systematizing both Jeongganbo and stave notation.
 Methods: Following understanding the notation of the basic Jangdan form and designated songs within textbooks, suggestions were made for a unified notation system. Furthermore, instead of the division theory found in Western music, a beat system based on set theory was devised for establishing the concept of Jangdan.
 Results: The proposed notation method for establishing the concept of Jangdan is as follows. First, there is a need to unify the notation of Eotmori jangdan, known as Honsobak jangdan, with other Jangdan was emphasized for a standardized beat notation. Through this, one can establish beat notationwithin the same category and grasp the characteristics of Jangdan. Second, it was suggested that the concept of set theory should be recognized through Jeongganbo. At the point where Jangdan is being notated and taught concurrently with Jeongganbo and stave notation, bak formed in a manner opposite to Western musical notes, and further, the characteristics of rhythms formed by sets of beats should be understood through Jeongganbo. Therefore, a Jeongganbo notation that matches the levels of beats, which are composed of small Sobak-Bak-Daebak, was reconstructed and presented. Third, a Jangdan score that can educate Jangdan focusing on breathing was presented. The advantage of Jangdan noted with a Sobak is that one can visually confirm the detailed progression of beats. However, if one does not grasp it correctly, they cannot understand the hierarchy of beats. Hence, Jeongganbo without divided Sobak was also utilized for educational purposes to comprehend the characteristics of Jangdan.
 Conclusion: Jangdan is the most critical teaching element in traditional Korean music education. To form the concept of Jangdan based on set theory, it is essential to systematically present the notation methods of beat notation and Jeongganbo. It is hoped that ongoing research for the accurate establishment of the concept of beats and Jangdan will result in a unified rhythm notation system in music textbooks based on the 2022 revised music and education curriculum.

Youth sociolect of the network space and its written form as an attribute of modern Japanese youth subculture

The present study outlines a comprehensive analysis of the Japanese youth sociolanguage of the network space as an attribute of modern youth linguoculture and its component part of the written form of communication. The article considers the youth sociolanguage of the network space 「若者語の SNS言葉」[wakamonogo no SNS kotoba] as the newest linguistic phenomenon in the modern Japanese language, which functions in youth communities of the network space, transforms the communication of young people and has its own “written and spoken” form of speech, where the function of intonation is performed by paralinguistic means of language. For the first time, the lexical items of the youth sociolect of the network space are classified in order to systematise them depending on the method of notation. The author focuses on the uniqueness of the Japanese writing system and thus distinguishes four methods of notation acts: hybrid input method; incorrect conversion; graphemic similarities; representative symbols of emotional expression. Special attention is paid to monitoring of paralinguistic means of communication as a resource for textualisation of youth oral speech. The study also identifies and analyses the differences between the oral language 「話し言葉」 and the written language 「書き言葉」 of youth network communication. The analysis of the factual material shows the presence of a significant number of written units of the youth sociolect, which entered the circulation of oral communication through secondary transformation, and it indicates their interaction and complementarity. The analysis of the Japanese youth sociolanguage of the network space, in particular its written form, is quite appropriate and promising in predicting the process of change and enrichment of the standard Japanese language. It opens up new perspectives in the study of youth sociolects at different levels and expands understanding of the linguistic worldview of the modern Japanese youth.

음악교육적 활용을 위한 장단의 학습 요소별 특성과 장단별 기보 방식 고찰

음악교육적 활용을 위한 장단의 학습 요소별 특성과 장단별 기보 방식 고찰

Notation Methods and Reference Systems: On the Phenomenon of Cultural Translation in the Eastern Mediterranean

Abstract Traditional art music in the Ottoman Empire was essentially shaped by phenomena of transculturality. It can be assumed that dynamic cultural transfer processes took place between the cultural groups involved, including Armenians, Greeks, Jews, and Arabs, in addition to Turks, and that these processes are visible today through circumstantial evidence. Each cultural group has an individual-specific music-theoretical, as well as music-historical background, so that the cultural intersection of Ottoman art music is considered from different perspectives. Using Greek sources from the 18th and 19th centuries as examples, this contribution is devoted to the phenomenon of cultural translation that accompanies the transfer processes. The central question is whether and in what form the detailed information given on the pitch system can contribute to a better understanding of Ottoman music theory in the nineteenth century, and how it can be made useful for the critical edition of music practical sources from the period.

Harnessing personal smart tools for enhanced STEM education: exploring IoT integration

In the realm of STEM education, various computer-based methodologies have been employed to invigorate student motivation, personalize learning experiences, and elevate the overall quality of education. However, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and smart tools for measuring parameters during educational research processes has garnered insufficient attention thus far. This neglect becomes all the more pronounced in light of the burgeoning popularity of personal smartwatches and bands among individuals. In this study, we develop innovative techniques for incorporating personal smart tools into STEM classes and research endeavors. By employing the Colmi Land 1, Xiaomi Mi Band, Samsung Smart Fitness Band, and Xiaomi Mi Smart Scale as testbeds, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation using the As Is – To Be Business Process Model and Notation method. The findings substantiate that our proposed methods exhibit superior efficacy compared to conventional educational processes. Moreover, this paper represents a pioneering effort in describing and offering ready-to-use techniques for utilizing personalized smart tools to measure parameters during experiments within educational contexts.

Wearable Electromyography Classification of Epileptic Seizures: A Feasibility Study.

Accurate diagnosis and classification of epileptic seizures can greatly support patient treatments. As many epileptic seizures are convulsive and have a motor component, the analysis of muscle activity can provide valuable information for seizure classification. Therefore, this paper present a feasibility study conducted on healthy volunteers, focusing on tracking epileptic seizures movements using surface electromyography signals (sEMG) measured on human limb muscles. For the experimental studies, first, compact wireless sensor nodes were developed for real-time measurement of sEMG on the gastrocnemius, flexor carpi ulnaris, biceps brachii, and quadriceps muscles on the right side and the left side. For the classification of the seizure, a machine learning model has been elaborated. The 16 common sEMG time-domain features were first extracted and examined with respect to discrimination and redundancy. This allowed the features to be classified into irrelevant features, important features, and redundant features. Redundant features were examined with the Big-O notation method and with the average execution time method to select the feature that leads to lower complexity and reduced processing time. The finally selected six features were explored using different machine learning classifiers to compare the resulting classification accuracy. The results show that the artificial neural network (ANN) model with the six features: IEMG, WAMP, MYOP, SE, SKEW, and WL, had the highest classification accuracy (99.95%). A further study confirms that all the chosen eight sensors are necessary to reach this high classification accuracy.

Making a simple International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)—For singers, conductors and composers

This research develops a simplification of a graphical resource: the International Phonetic Alphabet. The choices made to simplify it are based on an analysis of existing diction methods. The thesis format seemed most suitable for my research, as the IPA is a graphical notation method which is meant to be used by writing it down. (While it is of course used to notate sounds, these sounds themselves are not actually the focus of the research. There are also already an abundance of audio examples for the IPA symbols.) The IPA can be a very useful aid for classical singers, from ensemble singers to soloists, but appears intimidating from the amount of symbols it has. This research looks at which IPA symbols are used and which are not used in five different diction methods for classical singers. These are systematically analysed and presented graphically to the reader to help visualise which of all the symbols presented on the IPA chart are regularly used by singers. The end result is practical in nature: a Simple IPA chart which uses only those symbols a classical singer really needs to sing the five main languages for classical singing: English, French, German, Italian and Latin.

Chapter 7. Alternative North Sea Jurassic sequence stratigraphic schemes

Abstract This chapter reviews previously published North Sea Jurassic sequence stratigraphy schemes. Some of these works have applied the originally published J sequence schemes, while 18 have established new schemes. The most significant of these are discussed and compared to the newly defined J sequences. Most of these additional documented schemes have been defined for the Upper Jurassic interval, with a more limited number of schemes for the Lower and Middle Jurassic. Different authors have adopted a wide range of sequence notation methods while none of the publications describing the new sequence schemes has offered detailed sequence definitions. Due to the ensuing confusion, it is recommended that a more formal method of sequence definition is adopted in future sequence stratigraphic studies. In intervals in which reservoir successions are developed, such as the Fulmar Sandstone Member in the J56–J63 sequences, particularly in fields in which extensive coring has taken place, authors have usually been able to recognize additional sequences, which are probably at fourth-order scale, at a higher resolution than the defined third-order J sequences.

Arjun: A creative exploration of worldbuilding to discuss cultural dislocation and belonging

This article will discuss concepts of cultural dislocation and belonging through a practice-led worldbuilding design project called Arjun. Arjun is a creative exploration of storytelling through a designed publication that uses diagrams, notations, and photographic manipulations to explore a character’s experience in a foreign land. The publication presents a polyphonic story from the perspective of Arjun who is hired by the fictional corporation Federation (F.E.D.R) to explore a land where both familiar and unfamiliar takes place. Arjun searches for his sense of purpose and identity, in a self-dialogue with his own dislocation. Established within the tenants of Hinduism, this research project stimulates speculative meanings through worldbuilding design as means to discuss my cultural dislocation with my own Fijian Indian ancestry. Conceptually, the project is concerned with the philosophical principles of Hindu reincarnation, its relationships to the subconscious mind (Callander & Cummings, 2021) and liminality (Turner, 1969; Ipomoea, 2015). The article will discuss how practice emerged both conceptually and visually through a synthesis between theory and making in its creation and conceptualisation. Reflective processes and self-search methodologies are utilised to access personal experiences and prominent levels of exploration with materials through the methods of notation, journaling, copywriting, image processing and prototyping.

Analysis of the notation system of the current elementary school music textbook Sijo(時調) score and search for effective notation method

본 연구는 현행 2015 개정 음악과 교육과정에 따른 초등학교 5~6학년군 전 8종 음악 교과서에 수록된 시조(時調) 악보를 대상으로 기보 체계를 분석하고, 중점적으로 고려할 요소 3가지(시조 악곡의 특성과 학습자의 발달 단계, 타 국악 가창곡 악보와의 연계성, 상급학교 시조 악보와의 연계성 등)를 추출하여 효과적인 기보 체계 방안을 모색하였으며, 향후 2022 개정 음악과 교육과정에 따른 교과서 집필 시 시조 악보의 기보 체계에 관한 시사점을 제공하는 데 목적을 둔다. 이에 대한 논의 내용을 정리하면 첫째, 시조 악곡의 음악적 특징을 효과적으로 나타내고 학습자의 시각적․직관적인 이해도 향상과 흥미 유발을 위해 양면의 공간에 하나의 선으로 이어지는 가락선 악보 형태로 기보해야 한다. 또한. 가락선 악보 사이에 사설의 어단성장(語短聲長) 특성이 드러나고 가락선의 높낮이와 관련된 율정(律程)의 차이를 명확히 구분하여 지시해야 하며, 장단보는 5박․8박 장단이 분절되지 않고 이어지도록 기보해야 한다. 둘째, 타 국악 가창곡 악보와의 연계성을 고려할 때 시조의 주된 악보 하단의 주요 활동에서 한자 율명과 서양식 한글 계이름이 병기되고 단순화된 3선 악보를 활용하고, 시조의 오선보를 참고 자료로 제시해야 한다. 셋째, 상급학교 시조 악보와의 연계성을 고려할 때 전통적인 한자 율명(律名)의 정간보를 참고 자료로 제시해야 하고, 이를 통해 정간보에 대한 배경지식을 일정 부분 축적할 수 있도록 도와야 하며, 국악 가창곡 악보와의 일관성을 위해 세로식이 아닌 가로식 선율 진행이어야 한다.This study analyzes the notation system for the Sijo score contained in all eight music textbooks in the 5th to 6th grade of elementary school according to the current 2015 revised music curriculum, and the three factors to be considered(characteristics of Sijo music and learner’s development stage, connection with other Korean traditional music song’s scores, and connection with senior school Sijo sores etc.) were extracted to find an effective notation system, and the purpose is to provide implications for the notation system of Sijo music when writing textbooks according to the music and curriculum revised in 2022. To summarize the discussion on this, first, it should be reported in the form of a musical score that leads to a line in both spaces to effectively show the musical characteristics of the Sijo music and to improve learners' visual and intuitive understanding and interest. In addition, the characteristics of the short-term growth of the editorial between the music scores should be clearly distinguished and instructed the difference in rhythm related to the height of the music line, and Jangdanbo(長短譜) should be notified so that the 5-beat and 8-beat Jangdan(長短) continue without being divided. Second, considering the connection with the scores of other Korean traditional music songs, the three-line music score should be used Chises-language Yulmyeongs(律名) and Western-style Five-line Musical Score in Korean as a reference for the main activities at the bottom of the Sijo's main score. Third, considering the connection with the Sijo score of senior schools, Jeongganbo(井間譜) of traditional Chinese characters should be presented as a reference, and through this, it should help to accumulate some background knowledge of Jeongganbo, for consistency with the score of the Korean traditional music song, it should be a horizontal melody progression, not a vertical one.

On the Progress of Phonemic Analysis of Chinese Word Syllables

The process of the sound notation of sinographs arose in China to address problems in pronunciations. Attention to this process is almost as old as the use of the sinographs, and thus has marked historical relevance. Throughout this extended period of time, there was no strong appropriate method to convey the pronunciation of sinographs to the learners of the language, despite several attempts. With the design of different methods of sinograph sound notation, that is, direct notation, the fan-qie method, the national sound notation alphabet, and the scheme of the Chinese phonemic alphabet, the analysis of the Chinese word syllable has progressed developmentally, with an increasingly delicate view of segmentation of the Chinese syllable. The latter three methods, which divided the Chinese word syllable in two, three, and even four parts respectively, have been designed under influences of foreign linguistic methods, and for which, the communications between China, and India and European countries have offered an impetus for the progress in Chinese syllabic analysis. This paper thus addresses the development of these models for articulating the phonology of the Chinese word or syllable, by presenting the above models, and by describing their application and appropriacy to the field of Chinese linguistics through an ethnography of language and text.

Multi-Level Decision Support System in Production and Safety Management

The proposed paper introduces an innovative approach based on the implementation of a multi-level Decision Support System (DSS) modelling processes in the industry. Specifically, the work discusses a theoretical Process Mining (PM) DSS model gaining digital knowledge by means of logics that are able to select the best decisions. The PM model is applied to an open dataset simulating a working scenario and defining a possible safety control method based on the risk assessment. The application of the PM model provides automatic alerting conditions based on a threshold of values detected by sensors. Specifically, the PM model is applied to worker security systems characterized by the environment with a risk of emission of smoke and gases. The PM model is improved by Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms by strengthening information through prediction results and improving the risk analysis. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) MultilaLayer Perceptron (MLP) algorithm is adopted for the risk prediction by achieving the good computational performance of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.001. The PM model is first sketched by the Business Process Modelling and Notation (BPMN) method, and successively executed by means of the Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME) open source tool, implementing the process-controlling risks for different working locations. The goal of the paper is to apply the theoretical PM model by means of open source tools by enhancing how the multi-level approach is useful for defining a security procedure to control indoor worker environments. Furthermore, the article describes the key variables able to control production and worker safety for different industry sectors. The presented DSS PM model also can be applied to industry processes focused on production quality.

New Notations for Better Morphological Distinction of Postaxial Polydactyly of the Foot.

We performed an analysis of 65 postaxial polydactyly cases from 2004 to 2021. Judgment criteria for deciding the surgical procedure were selected, and the points required for notation were decided. Based on them, we devised a new notation. The necessary points required for notation were decided based on the following criteria: (1) the presence and level of syndactyly, (2) bifurcation level of the phalanges, (3) the presence of other deformities, and (4) predominant toes. We came up with a new notation and description method. Different types of syndactyly were represented using a horizontal bar, and predominant toes were represented using equality or inequality symbols. The bifurcation level of the phalanges and accessory deformities were additionally recorded (eg, 4-5>-6, Middle, 5,6: External rotation). From this notation, it is obvious which toe should be resected. Furthermore, syndactyly, accessory deformities, and the condition of the phalanges are also easily understood. Our new notation for postaxial polydactyly consists of some related symbols that are each provided a meaning. This system is simple, especially for easily understanding the morphology, and ideal for daily medical use. We conclude that it could become a universal notation method for cases of postaxial polydactyly of the foot.

Reciprocal style and information transfer between historical Istanbul Pervititch Maps and satellite views using machine learning

Historical maps contain significant data on the cultural, social, and urban character of cities. However, most historical maps utilize specific notation methods that differ from those commonly used today and converting these maps to more recent formats can be highly labor-intensive. This study is intended to demonstrate how a machine learning (ML) technique can be used to transform old maps of Istanbul into spatial data that simulates modern satellite views (SVs) through a reciprocal map conversion framework. With this aim, the Istanbul Pervititch Maps (IPMs) made by Jacques Pervititch in 1922-1945 and current SVs were used to test and evaluate the proposed framework. The study consists of a style and information transfer in two stages: (i) from IPMs to SVs, and (ii) from SVs to IPMs using CycleGAN (a type of generative adversarial network). The initial results indicate that the proposed framework can transfer attributes such as green areas, construction techniques/materials, and labels/tags.