Graphical Analysis Method Research Articles

Modeling multivariate extremes

AbstractThe Central Limit Theorem justifies using a normal distribution when looking at sums of many terms. In a parallel way, extreme value distributions arise in the study of maxima of many terms. The goal of this paper is to briefly review the univariate theory of extremes based on the Fisher‐Tippet‐Gnedenko Theorem. We then state the basics of the multivariate theory, which is significantly more complicated because it requires a measure to define the distribution. Some properties of these laws are explored, including a description of the support, an expression for the density when it exists, and some examples that illustrate possible joint dependence structures.This article is categorized under: Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Finance

Recent advances on mechanisms of network generation: Community, exchangeability, and scale‐free properties

AbstractThe mechanisms of network generation have undergone extensive analysis and found broad applications in various real‐world scenarios. Among the fruitful literature on network models, numerous studies seek to explore and interpret fundamental graph structure properties, including the clustering effect, exchangeability, and scale‐free properties. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the statistical modeling methods for the mechanisms of network generation. We specifically focus on three representative classes of models, namely the stochastic block models, the exchangeable network models, and the preferential attachment models. For each model type, our approach begins by reviewing existing methods and model setups, followed by an exploration of the core modeling principles behind them. We also summarize relevant statistical inference techniques and provide a unified understanding of theoretical analyses. Furthermore, we emphasize several challenges and open problems that could shed light on future research. We conclude this review with the identification of some possible directions for future study.This article is categorized under: Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Modeling Methods and Algorithms Algorithms and Computational Methods > Networks and Security

Compliance of "Courses and Instructions on fire training" with the conditions of use of weapons by employees of security and convoy units of the police

The professional training of employees of security and convoy police units related to the lawful use of firearms should be practice-oriented. The developed standards with weapons, special shooting exercises, as well as simulated situations of operational and service activities, in fire training classes, should take into account the specifics and conditions of service activities of employees of this category. The problem of the study arises from the contradictions between the insufficient regulatory and legal provision of fire training of employees of security and convoy police units and, in this regard, the need to develop pedagogical technologies for practice-oriented training of employees of security and convoy police units to the lawful use of weapons. In this scientific work, the author presents the results of a retrospective analysis of regulatory legal documents regulating the organization of fire training in the internal affairs bodies, namely, Shooting courses and Fire training Manuals from 1992 to the present. In solving the research tasks, the following methods were used – general scientific methods: description, comparison, generalization, classification. Empirical data were systematized on the basis of mathematical statistics methods and presented using a graphical data analysis method. The scientific novelty of the study lies in determining the practice-oriented conditions of shooting exercises that contribute to improving the fire readiness of employees of security and convoy police units. The main results of the study are: - determination of criteria (physical conditions) for the orientation of exercises of shooting courses and fire training Manuals for the practice of using weapons by employees of security and convoy police units; - study of technical actions with weapons that ensure the necessary level of preparedness of employees of security and convoy police units for the lawful use of weapons. One of the key conclusions reached by the author is that when developing regulatory legal documents related to the organization of fire training in the Department of Internal Affairs, the practice of using firearms by employees of security and convoy police units, as well as the specifics and conditions of official and professional activity, was not sufficiently taken into account.

Mathematical justification of the optimal rate of selenium introduction into mixed feed for broiler chickens

In recent years, many countries worldwide have been revising the existing standards for introducing trace elements in mixed feed for high-performance crosses and poultry breeds, taking into account new scientific data. This also applies to Selenium, which is recognized as an indispensable biotic ultramicroelement according to the modern classification. The norms for introducing selenium into mixed feed for broiler chickens have specific differences and range from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg of feed, which are recommended in different countries and at other times. The reason for the disagreement is probably that the experiments were conducted under different conditions, against the background of different diets, on different poultry crosses, and using other selenium-containing compounds. In addition, the norms of selenium additives recommended by foreign and domestic scientists in mixed feed for broiler chickens are not always supported by mathematical calculations, and, in our opinion, they should be evaluated as indicative, requiring further justification and clarification depending on the regional characteristics of poultry feeding. Two scientific and economic experiments were conducted to determine the optimal rate of introducing selenium into mixed feed for broiler chickens, which lasted 42 days each. The study was conducted on broiler chickens of the Coob 500 cross. Selenium was additionally introduced into mixed feeds for broiler chickens of the experimental groups in doses of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg/kg. Poultry in the control group did not receive Selenium supplementation. Statistical processing of experimental data obtained in two scientific and economic experiments, using graphical, variance, and regression analysis methods, allows us to conclude that the optimal dose of Selenium administration in mixed feed for broiler chickens should be considered 0.3 mg/kg. Feeding broiler chickens during the growing period of mixed feed enriched with Selenium in this amount contributed to a likely increase in their live weight in the first experiment by 7.8 % (Р < 0.001), in the second by 5.1 % (Р < 0.01), compared to the control group. Higher doses of Selenium (0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg) in mixed feed, as well as a lower dose (0.2 mg/kg), caused less intensive growth and lower live weight of broiler chickens of other experimental groups, compared to young animals fed mixed feed with the addition of selenium 0.3 mg/kg.

The concept of increasing the efficiency of financial risk management based on the application of new digital technologies

Aim. Development of the author’s concept of increasing the efficiency of financial risk management on the basis of application of the technology of creating and using the digital twin of the enterprise.Objectives. To formalize the problems of existing approaches to solving the problems of financial risk management of enterprises of the real sector of economy; to identify trends in the development of digital twins, to formulate the advantages of their practical application and to give the author’s interpretation of the concept of “digital twin of the enterprise”; to build and substantiate a multilayer system of indicators of the digital twin of the enterprise in the context of improving the efficiency of financial risk management; to develop the principles of building a digital twin of the enterprise, focused on solving the problems of financial risk management.Methods. The research was carried out on the basis of system approach, in the process of realization of which the methods of synthesis, logical comparative, factor and graphical analysis, basic provisions of financial risk management and the results obtained in domestic and foreign scientific literature on the problems of realization of approaches and methods of financial risk management were used.Results. The author’s concept of increasing the efficiency of financial risk management based on the application of new technologies for creating digital twins is proposed. In particular, by means of formalizing the problems of existing approaches to solving the problems of financial management, identifying trends in the development of methodology and technologies for creating digital twins, the idea of increasing the efficiency of financial risk management on the basis of creating a digital twin of the enterprise is outlined. The multilayer system of indicators defining the structure of this digital twin is proposed and substantiated, the tasks are defined and the principles of its construction oriented to solving the tasks of financial risk management are developed. The financial kernel of the digital twin of the enterprise is constructed, containing the contours of formation of financial indicators common for different enterprises, determining the achievement of the objectives of financial risk management and its efficiency. The qualitative substantiation of increasing the efficiency of financial risk management with the application of the methodological basis for the creation and use of digital twins proposed in the article is given.Conclusions. Conceptual provisions of creation and use of digital twins for the purposes of financial risk-management, given in the article, create a theoretical and methodological basis for increasing the efficiency of financial risk-management taking into account the use of new digital technologies and can serve as a basis for practical construction of effective systems of financial risk-management at enterprises of the real sector of economy.

Teknik Pengendalian Mutu Dengan Menggunakan Metode Diagram Pareto Dalam mencapai Customer Satisfaction

Graphic analysis tools and methods are very useful tools that can help quality managers shed light on developing problems and one that has an important role in control engineering methods is the Pareto Diagram, a simple chart that can provide actionable insight into how prioritize quality management resources that are maintained or improved. In the world of service-based work, this Pareto diagram is used to determine the level of importance that must be prioritized for improvements. The object of writing this scientific work is to examine how customer service from a company operating in the service sector achieves customer satisfaction. It is not easy for companies in the service sector to achieve customer satisfaction. There are various complaints that must be accommodated and considered in order to provide solutions so that the maximum level of customer trust is achieved.
 
 Keywords: Pareto, Quality, Satisfaction, Service, Control

Innovations and methodologies in research on problematic issues of drug supply

Introduction. Increasing the efficiency of research in the field of organizing drug supply to the population is a priority task of pharmaceutical science. The study of the structure of scientific knowledge seems to be a relevant direction for its development. However, a methodological analysis of scientific works on the problems of drug supply has not previously been carried out as an independent study. Purpose of the study: analysis of theoretical and methodological solutions in scientific works on the problems of drug supply. Material and methods. Using the PICO tool, we formed an array of 61 dissertations defended in the period from 1991 to the present, on the problems of drug supply. The resulting array was studied using the methods of content analysis, grouping, graphical, comparative and scientometric analysis. Results and discussion. It was found that during the study period, 34 types of innovations were used with a total frequency of their use in 53 cases. The average number of innovation types used was 2.97 per study. In total, scientists used 53 types of methodologies, of which 14 types were directly related to the field of drug supply. 226 cases of using various types of methodologies were identified, with the average number of their use per study being 3.68. The analyzed array contains 81 names of methods and groups of methods. The total frequency of their use was 531 cases, and the average number of methods per 1 dissertation was 8.69. In works on the problems of drug supply, 242 names of scientists and predecessors of the dissertation candidates were mentioned. 313 cases of their mention were identified, which amounted to an average of 5 names per dissertation. As a result, a methodological profile of scientific research on the problems of drug supply was formed using four analytical blocks. Conclusion. Data were obtained on the constant scientific interest of scientists in problematic issues of improving the drug supply system. The presence of reserves for expanding the boundaries of the scientific field of pharmaceutical science has been established.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ ПРАВИЛ ХРАНЕНИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАДЖИКИСТАН

Relevance: Currently, the Republic of Tajikistan is at the stage of formation of national pharmaceutical practice and standardization of pharmaceutical services, including regulation of drug storage issues. Considering that the Republic of Tajikistan is a member of the World Health Organization and an eventual participant of the Eurasian Economic Union, it is advisable to consider international approaches to the organization of storage of medicines recommended by WHO and the EAEU in order to develop national storage rules in the Republic of Tajikistan. Objective: To study international requirements for the organization of storage of medicines and to form a theoretical basis for further development of Rules for the storage of medicines in the Republic of Tajikistan. Materials and methods: Through content analysis, WHO recommendations, regulatory legal documents of the EAEU and national regulations regarding the organization of drug storage were studied. The concept of forming a theoretical basis for the development of rules for the storage of medicines in the Republic of Tajikistan is illustrated by the method of grouping and graphical analysis. With the use of comparative, structural and logical analyses, the key principles of the formation of existing international and national requirements for the organization of drug storage are summarized and theoretical provisions for the development of Rules for the storage of drugs in the Republic of Tajikistan are substantiated. Results: The WHO Guidelines on Good Storage Practices for Pharmaceutical Products (GSP) were studied. The analysis showed that the GSP contains a description of the special measures necessary for the proper storage and transportation of pharmaceutical products. It is established that the basic principle of GSP formation can be defined as "act by the rules", i.e. the semantic emphasis of the document is shifted towards pedantic adherence to the requirements established in it, excludes the initiative of the participants in the process and indicates the need to comply with national and regional requirements regarding the storage of medicines. The requirements for the organization of storage of medicines in the EAEU countries have been studied. It is noted that the main principle of ensuring the quality of medicines in the EAEU countries is a risk-based approach, which can be defined as "acting ahead of the curve". The analysis of national requirements for the organization of storage of medicines in the EAEU countries for compliance with the established principles of the organization of storage of medicines in the international space. The main approaches to the organization of storage of medicines in the EAEU countries are defined. Conclusion: Based on the communication of the research results, the concept of effective organization of drug storage is formulated and the necessity of using the proposed methodology as a theoretical basis for the development of national rules for drug storage in the Republic of Tajikistan is substantiated.

Biomarker data with measurement error in medical research: A literature review.

A biomarker is a measurable indicator of the severity or presence of a disease or medical condition in biomedical or epidemiological research. Biomarkers may help in early diagnosis and prevention of diseases. Several biomarkers have been identified for many diseases such as carbohydrate antigen 19-9 for pancreatic cancer. However, biomarkers may be measured with errors due to many reasons such as specimen collection or day-to-day within-subject variability of the biomarker, among others. Measurement error in the biomarker leads to bias in the regression parameter estimation for the association of the biomarker with disease in epidemiological studies. In addition, measurement error in the biomarkers may affect standard diagnostic measures to evaluate the performance of biomarkers such as the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, and specificity. Measurement error may also have an effect on how to combine multiple cancer biomarkers as a composite predictor for disease diagnosis. In follow-up studies, biomarkers are often collected intermittently at examination times, which may be sparse and typically biomarkers are not observed at the event times. Joint modeling of longitudinal and time-to-event data is a valid approach to account for measurement error in the analysis of repeatedly measured biomarkers and time-to-event outcomes. In this article, we provide a literature review on existing methods to correct for estimation in regression analysis, diagnostic measures, and joint modeling of longitudinal biomarkers and survival outcomes when the biomarkers are measured with errors. This article is categorized under: Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Robust MethodsStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > EM AlgorithmStatistical Models > Survival Models.

Overcome discrimination for older workers to achieve equality and sustainable development

Transformation of the world population age structure happens at a fast pace and creates problems of increasing social expenditures. However, Industry 4.0 technologies create large-scale opportunities for extending the labor activity of the older population. In Russia, share of people over working age is 22%, and it will increase by another 15% in next 30 years. At the same time, older people are discriminated in the labor market. The article is devoted to the study of job and salary discrimination of elderly workers in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania as a typical Russian region with tight labor market and a deteriorating demographic situation. Methods of statistical and graphical analysis, factual and sociological research were used. Conclusions have been drawn about the predominance of the model of preserving the employment of older workers in public administration, education, science and health care; the influence of the indexation rate of pensions for non-working pensioners on their informal employment; the preservation of wage disparities for older people employed in the regional economy. The internal gender and age discrimination that has developed in the field of remuneration of older age groups has been revealed: discrimination of women's labor in all age cohorts and types of employment; inter-cohort discrimination of older men's labor within one type of employment; discrimination of wage growth rates of employees of different types of employment. Measures to improve the efficiency of regulating the employment of older workers are proposed.

From RNA sequencing measurements to the final results: A practical guide to navigating the choices and uncertainties of gene set analysis

AbstractGene set analysis (GSA), a popular approach for analyzing high‐throughput gene expression data, aims to identify sets of related genes that show significantly enriched or depleted expression patterns between different conditions. In the last years, a multitude of methods have been developed for this task. However, clear guidance is lacking: choosing the right method is the first hurdle a researcher is confronted with. No less challenging than overcoming this so‐called method uncertainty is the procedure of preprocessing, from knowing which steps are required to selecting a corresponding approach from the plethora of valid options to create the accepted input object (data preprocessing uncertainty), with clear guidance again being scarce. Here, we provide a practical guide through all steps required to conduct GSA, beginning with a concise overview of a selection of established methods, including Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). We thereby lay a special focus on reviewing and explaining the necessary preprocessing steps for each method under consideration (e.g., the necessity of a transformation of the RNA sequencing data)—an essential aspect that is typically paid only limited attention to in both existing reviews and applications. To raise awareness of the spectrum of uncertainties, our review is accompanied by an extensive overview of the literature on valid approaches for each step and illustrative R code demonstrating the complex analysis pipelines. It ends with a discussion and recommendations to both users and developers to ensure that the results of GSA are, despite the above‐mentioned uncertainties, replicable and transparent.This article is categorized under: Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data Data: Types and Structure > Data Preparation and Processing Applications of Computational Statistics > Genomics/Proteomics/Genetics

Increasing employment of the elderly population for sustainable demographic development of the region

Russia, like a number of other countries, is experiencing a process of population aging, which is leading to an increased role in the employment of the older generation, while at the same time, employers have a negative perception of their labor potential. The article is devoted to substantiating the hypothesis that employment of older people is an important factor in demographic development. The object of the study is North Ossetia as a typical region of Russia with a worsening demographic situation and tension in the labor market. The work used methods of statistical and graphical analysis, the "resume test" method. The problem of discrimination in hiring workers of pre-retirement age. It has been shown that limited opportunities in the labor market for the older generation lead to a decrease in the level and quality of life, and degradation of human potential. Conclusions are drawn about a decrease in the efficiency of the regional labor market in terms of employment of the elderly. Recommendations are offered to regional bodies of state regulation of the economy on the institutional prevention of the practice of age discrimination among employees; development of flexible part-time employment models; organization of continuous professional training and advanced training.

ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՄԻՋԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԶԲՈՍԱՇՐՋՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՆԵՐՈՒԺԻ ԳՆԱՀԱՏՈՒՄԸ PESTLE ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾԱԿԱՆ ԳՈՐԾԻՔՈՎ / ASSESSMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOURISM POTENTIAL OF ARMENIA USING THE PESTLE ANALYTICAL TOOL

This article utilizes the PESTLE analytical tool to evaluate the primary issues hindering the development of Armenia's tourism sector and proposes solutions that can facilitate long-term and sustainable growth, enhancing Armenia's position in international markets. The research employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to assess Armenia's international tourism potential. To thoroughly understand the problem, statistical, graphic, comparative, and structural analysis methods were used. The study reveals several challenges in fully realizing Armenia's tourism potential through the PESTLE analytical tool. Politically, Armenia experiences frequent internal and external shocks. Economically, issues include the overall development level of the economy and insufficient infrastructure. Socially, despite Armenia's rich historical and cultural heritage and its importance for tourism, opportunities remain unexploited. Technologically, Armenia faces challenges in modernizing telecommunication networks and high-tech equipment to meet consumer demands. Additionally, legal imperfections and environmental issues resulting from increased tourist activity pose significant obstacles to the sustainable development of the tourism sector.

Особенности моделирования динамики социально-экономических показателей по сильно зашумлённым данным

Features of socio-economic indicators which must be taken into account at econometrical modeling of their dynamics were established on the empirical basis of the VСIOM sociological center. They are: 1) high measurement inacuracy of socio-economic indices of sociological nature, which almost an order more than the sampling error; 2) restriction on the use of traditional methods of parametric statistics due to non-compliance with the condition of normal distribution of informative indicators. Recommendations are given on econometric modeling of the dynamics of highly noisy data using regression analysis methods: 1) transition from building "accurate" regression dynamics models to "useful models", when "leaps" of informative indicators and/or changes in the direction of their trend are considered not as statistically established judgments, but as "trends"; 2) transition from analysis of synthetic indices dynamics to analysis of their components dynamics; 3) parallel analysis of indices dynamics based on respondents' answers to the related questions; 4) use of graphical analysis methods together with the analytic ones that contribute to interpretation of statistical conclusions results.

Еvaluation of the development strategy of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine

In modern conditions, the development of the domestic hotel and restaurant industry is accompanied by significant problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale war with the Russian Federation, which necessitates the search for promising directions of development and the development of plans for its recovery in the post-war period. The subject of research in the article is the development strategy of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is assessment of the strategy for the development of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine and its infrastructure on this basis of the approach to the implementation of the strategy for the development of galusia in the minds of military renewal. Research methods: dialectical method, fundamental scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, taxonomic analysis, systematization, formalization (for analysis of the research object), abstract-logical method (for formulating concepts), graphical and tabular methods (for analysis of the results of the investigation). The following results were obtained: A model of taxonomic analysis of the development strategy of the hotel and restaurant industry is proposed. The taxonomic coefficients of the development strategy of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine have been determined. Cyclicality in the development of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine has been recorded. Especially negative changes in the industry were recorded in 2022 as a result of a full-scale. Conclusions: the conducted research made it possible to propose strategic directions for the development of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine in the post-war period. The above-mentioned measures will make it possible to implement the necessary strategic changes in the hotel and restaurant industry, will contribute to the reconstruction of the national economy and the generation of additional financial flows, which will make it possible to strengthen the impact of industry restoration projects on the socio-economic development of the state.

Spatial characteristics and cultural factors of Yi nationality traditional dwellings based on spatial syntax

The spatial layout of traditional residential houses is closely related to national and regional characteristics and culture. The traditional village of Yi nationality is selected, and the organization structure of the outside village and the inside living space is studied through the graphical and quantitative analysis method of space syntax. The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics of Yi dwellings and infer the cultural factors behind them. To explore how to integrate traditional spatial characteristics into contemporary design and promote the preservation and inheritance of architectural culture. The results show that 1) the outer village space of residential houses is characterized by weak identifiability, compact and loose organizational structure, weak permeability, and weak accessibility; 2) The interior space of dwellings presents a spatial layout with the main room and courtyard as the core as a whole. The interior space of dwellings is abundant and flexible, and the accessibility of ancillary functional space is weak. 3) The cultural causes of the formation of these spatial features include complex landforms, family systems, hierarchical systems, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral production modes, the concept of valuing family harmony, the use of regional materials, respect for nature, fire worship, etc. 4) The spatial characteristics of traditional dwellings are inherited in contemporary dwellings. Fuzzy elements can be added in villages according to family relations, and characteristic Spaces such as courtyards and fire ponds in traditional dwellings can be preserved.

Три уровня цифрового неравенства населения России в финансовой сфере

The article examines the problems of digital inequality in the financial sphere at three levels. The purpose of the study is to characterize and assess (quantitatively or qualitatively) the digital inequality of the Russian population in the financial sphere (at each of the three levels). The achievement of the research goal is ensured by using the index method, methods of graphical analysis, as well as comparative analysis of empirical data. The result of the work is the developed index of the first-level digital inequality in the financial sphere, which allows to give an aggregate assessment. The calculated values of the index confirm the conclusions about the steady decline in the Russian economy of the first-level digital inequality in the financial sphere. As for the second-level digital inequality, the following results were obtained: In 2021, a significant part of the Russian population possessed such basic skills as sending files via e-mail and messengers, working with a text editor and copying or moving files; the share of the population possessing advanced skills increased, while the availability of basic and standard digital skills remained virtually unchanged; the level of digital literacy does not affect the population’s activity in ordering financial services online. A list of digital financial skills has been formulated, which can be assessed in further analysis of the second-level digital inequality. The theoretical description of the third-level digital inequality led us to conclude that to better understand this level, an expanded analysis is required, as well as progress in overcoming the digital gaps of the first and second levels.

Sales of antitumor drugs in the retail segment of the Russian pharmaceutical market

Objective: to study the features of the population consumption of antitumor drugs (ATDs) of groups L01 and L02 according to the anatomical, therapeutic and chemical classification (ATC), purchased at the expense of personal funds of citizens in the retail sector of the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation (RF).Material and methods. We analyzed data on the range of ATDs sold in retail pharmacies in all federal districts of the RF in 2020–2023. The methods of comparative, retrospective, logical, graphical and content analysis, the method of grouping data by ATC groups and methods of descriptive statistics were used.Results. At the end of 2022, in the RF, about 6 million packages of ATDs worth 6.5 billion rubles were purchased at the expense of citizens’ personal funds, i.e. approximately 1/6 of the total sales of oncology medications in monetary terms and 3.0% of the total sales in physical terms. The maximum sales in monetary terms per 100 thousand population were noted in the Central, Northwestern and Southern Federal Districts. The Central Federal District accounts for about 50% of total sales of ATDs in monetary terms and 35% of sales in physical terms. The maximum costs were for medications in ATC groups L01B Antimetabolites, L02A Hormones and related compounds and L02B Hormone antagonists and related compounds. The average shares of ATDs in the ATC group L01B were 32.8% in total sales in monetary terms and 50.8% in physical terms, in the ATC group L02B – 27.3% and 31.9%, L02A – 21.8% and 5.7%, L01X – 8.9% and 7.9%, respectively. In the RF as a whole, the top-3 international nonproprietary names of greatest demand in the pharmaceutical market retail segment included methotrexate, buserelin and anastrozole, which account for more than 40% of sales volume in monetary terms.Conclusion. The obtained results can be used by healthcare organizers to clarify the real need for ATDs, as well as to improve drug care for cancer patients.

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS FOR REGULAR MONITORING, ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF WORK OF THE ELECTRONIC HEALTHCARE SYSTEM AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE WORK OF EXISTING SERVICES

Introduction. Medical information systems have become an important tool in the complex of providing medical care. They allow storing the patient's medical data, analyzing information at many levels, and using modern electronic and telemedicine technologies. The glossary of the concept of health care informatization defines a medical information system as a type of system characterized by a complex of methodological principles, technical means, management algorithms designed for the collection, storage, analysis, forecasting and transmission of medical information in health care institutions.
 The aim: To analyze the level of satisfaction of medical workers regarding the functioning of the electronic health care system and medical information systems in all areas of medical activity, by evaluating the data of the electronic questionnaire.
 Materials and methods: A group of 213 user experts from 11 regions of Ukraine and the city of Kyiv was formed to assess the overall quality of the electronic health care system. Informational, analytical-statistical, graphic, and system analysis methods were applied.
 Results. The information entered into the medical information systems is subsequently widely used by doctors, other medical personnel, patients, and the administration of the health care facility. However, numerous functional deficiencies, and user wishes were identified. Assessing them will contribute to the improvement of e-Health.
 Conclusions: Medical information systems (MIS) have become an integral attribute of the practical activity of all doctors. The development of MIS in Ukraine continues in intensive and extensive ways. The first MIS were autonomous and responded to local clinical and administrative needs. The problems of the country's health care management can be corrected through the wide and rational use of MIS, their integration into a single electronic system. This will make it possible to analyze medical data at the level of the country, region, institution and thus be able to apply the correct management decisions. Informatization of health care is a global trend, and in Ukraine it is developing at an unusually fast pace. Therefore, the assessment of convenience, efficiency, and interoperability of MIS should become a permanent tool for monitoring and prompt response by both doctors and health care managers. Medical workers are quite satisfied with the functioning of medical information systems in Ukraine, but the issues between technical solutions and practical use of the application remain unresolved.

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT IN ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF REAGENTS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN LATVIA

Sustainable development in the environmental sector is a priority direction in Latvia, as in all EU countries. However, the use of different approaches does not provide effective results to achieve the SDG. The purpose of the research is to develop a model for carrying out an ecological audit based on the principle of inter-industrial assessment on the use of reagents on the country’s roads. The authors suggest using an environmental audit for a comprehensive assessment of the influence of reagents on the environment. Subject of research: model of environmental audit in assessing the use of reagents. The object of the study is the Latvian approach to the use of reagents. The research methodology applied for this research study is qualitative and quantitative research methods. The monographic method and the method of deduction were used to analyze the corresponding theoretical concepts, the statistical method, the method of graphic analysis, correlation and regression analysis, Student’s distribution were used for the evidence base of the research. Conclusion of the study: in the research the authors identified the following pattern: with the growth of income of the population of Latvia, the number of cars in the country increases (correlation 0.999, R = 0.754), however, there is also an increase in road accidents (correlation 0.946, R = 0.728), which leads to an increase in car repairs. In auto repair work, an anti-corrosion coating is used that releases non-methane volatile compounds. When conducting an environmental audit, it is necessary to take into account anti-corrosion coatings. As part of the research, the identified pattern was based on the use of the principle of intersectoral assessment. According to the authors, conducting an environmental audit according to the model proposed by the authors will lead to the identification of sources of environmental pollution, and subsequently to the development of a program to reduce or eliminate it. Regression equation analysis will make it possible to predict the expected number of accidents and will allow non-methane volatile compounds to be taken into account in environmental audits.