Formal Analysis Methods Research Articles

Novel Suara Samudra Karya Maria Matildis Banda: Kajian Psikologi

This research is titled "Novel Suara Samudra by Maria Matildis Banda Psychology Psychology Study". The following research aims to find out the structure and relationship between psychology figures contained in the novel. There are three theories used for this research, namely structural theory based on Stanton's opinion, the theory of literary psychology by Sigmund Freud, the theory of love from Sternberg. The method used in data collection is a literature study method with advanced techniques in the form of note and write techniques. Then proceed with using the formal method and descriptive analysis method for analyzing data. Furthermore, in presenting the results of the analysis using the description method. Based on the analysis that has been done on the novel Suara Samudra, several things were discovered. First, in the analysis of the structure which included the characterizations, plot and setting depicted in the novel Suara Samudra. Second, the psychological relationship that is seen in terms of conflicts that occur between characters in the novel Suara Samudra.

Hippocampus: the heritage of ancient bestiary in the images of theatricalized action and art objects of the XVI century

This article presents the results of research of text sources associated with the image of Hippocampus or seahorse in the European culture of antiquity of the early modern age. The author examines the use of this image of Roman culture and adaptation of this character by modern arts in accordance with the Roman patterns. Within the framework of this research, the author uses not only the visual sources, but also other cases of depiction of the image of Hippocampus. Emphasis is made on impersonation of the image of Hippocampus in art objects and images of theatricalizes performances of the XVI century. The work employs semiotic and complex methods of research, as well as traditional methods of art history, historical and formal analysis. The analysis of similar cases allows observing the whole picture of the sources of formation of various form of European art of modern age. Special interest for the author presents impersonation of the image of Hippocampus in modern theatricalized performances as one of the attributes of sea deities, as well as the instances of its application.

Cutting the Network, Knotting the Line: a Linaeological Approach to Network Analysis

Network methods have seen a rapid rise in archaeology in recent years. There are still concerns regarding how well formal networks are able to effectively model local interaction. These are often present in the so-called qualitative network approaches—studies that tend to be based on close readings of relations between entities and the way they form dynamic networks of agents. Such studies have demonstrated the value in scrutinizing the way in which relations might be acted on in practice, and how that might differ from expected results. But rarely do such studies produce network data of the kind analyzed by formal network analytical methods. Formal approaches, on the other hand, blur the specificity of individual relations and trade much of their specificity for the ability to make general statements about relations across large datasets. More generally, the modality of the relation/edge is a crucial way in which formal network analysis differs from other prevalent relational approaches popular in archaeology today, where the substantivity of individual relations is paramount. Such relations are often seen as starting points for subsequent hybridizations that radically alter, if only temporarily, the structure of their respective networks. I argue that a key step in allowing networks to reformulate from initial, data-driven network schemata is the introduction of a more symmetrical agency between the node and the edge. In this article, I discuss how ethnographic sources can be used to achieve this for archaeological survey data. I use assemblage theory as a framework to explore the potential the edge has to offer archaeological network modelling. While assemblage theory is helpful for this purpose, the lack of a computational formality to assemblage theory immediately places it at odds with network science. As a complement, I will also employ the computational ontology CIDOC-CRM to more explicitly articulate the character of links between nodes in archaeological networks. The paper will end by suggesting a method of network modelling which integrates the line as a key source of agency. As a nod to Ingold’s call for an increased emphasis on the line, I call this approach network linaeology.

Преступления прошлых лет против жизни и здоровья: современное состояние проблемы их раскрытия

The article is devoted to the problem of solving crimes against life and health having been committed in the Russian Federation in recent years. The study aims to analyze the current state of efficiency of the investigative authorities of the Russian Federation enquiring previously suspended criminal cases dealing with life and health being regarded as the most dangerous group of crimes on the subject of encroachment.The research methodology consists of formal legal, statistical and analytical methods. The author gives the definition to crimes against life and health committed in the past. The paper describes statistical data of the activities of the investigative authorities of the Russian Federation enquiring previously suspended criminal cases.
 The study reveals negative dynamics of crime solution effectiveness and indicates the declining interest in a record of subjects of this crime category. Crimes against life and health committed in the past are the most dangerous on the subject of their encroachment. A person, his rights and freedoms including the right to life is the highest value protected by the state. Bringing a guilty person to justice and timely crime solution prove to be important principles of inevitability of responsibility. The analysis has confirmed the priority of further improvement of the methods of investigation of this criminal cases category.

NEW THREATS TO CYBER SECURITY OF INTERNET SPACE AND POSSIBLE LEGAL WAYS OF THEIR PREVENTION

The relevance of the article lies in the fact that it contains answers to the most pressing issues related to ensuring users’ safety in the Internet space. The article contains an analysis of the problems of legal regulation of relations in the digital environment, measures to counter modern threats to cyber security. Purpose: to analyze the main theoretical positions on the specifics of legal regulation of Internet relations, development of doctrinal approaches to the legal impact on the Internet space. Methods: the author uses the method of formal legal analysis, the method of interpreting legal norms, describing and interpreting scientific doctrines. General scientific methods such as methods of dialectics, comparison, and formal logic are used. Results: based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the potential of the current legal regulation is clearly insufficient to counter cyber security threats. On the ground of a synergistic approach, the interdisciplinary aspects of the stated problems are considered. It is concluded that digitalization processes in some sense «control» the legal matter, motivating the law enforcement officer to a more flexible interpretation of legal norms in order to ensure their operation in the digital environment. One of the ways to overcome methodological problems of law in the digital age is the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach, which, due to the synergy of cognitive potentials of scientific disciplines, is able to enhance the effect of the impact of law, and will allow overcoming negative processes in the digital environment.

Restoration of criminal justice and introduction of transitional justice in the conditions of restoration of territorial integrity of Ukraine and reintegration of Donbas

Description. The purpose of the article is to determine the most optimal mechanisms for restoration of Ukrainian criminal justice in certain areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions as part of the implementation of transitional justice in the mentioned territories. Methodology. The system-structural method and the method of formal and logical analysis have been applied to determine the main steps to the restoration of criminal justice in some areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The comparative and legal method was used to analyze the foreign legal practice of resolving armed conflicts and adapting best practices to Ukrainian realities. As a result of the research it has been found that the main steps to the restoration of criminal justice in the reintegrated territories are: adaptation of the criminal and criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine in accordance with international agreements on the reintegration of the Donbas; renewal of criminal proceedings for crimes which, for various reasons, have not been completed and left in the temporarily occupied territories; identifying and organizing information on the offences that fall under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court; organization of investigation of crimes committed during the occupation; investigations into the causes of death of persons, who died in temporarily occupied territories. Practical implications. The main aspects of implementation of transitional criminal justice as one of the measures aimed at returning temporarily occupied certain areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions to the Ukrainian legal field were examined and analyzed. Value / originality. Restoration of criminal justice in certain areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions is the most difficult aspect of the issue of returning the reintegrated territories to the legal field of Ukraine, so the authors proposed the most effective ways to accomplish this task.

Formal and Efficient Synthesis for Continuous-Time Linear Stochastic Hybrid Processes

Stochastic processes are expressive mathematical tools for modeling real-world systems that are subject to uncertainty. It is hence crucial to be able to formally analyze the behavior of these processes, especially in safety-critical applications. Most of the existing formal methods are not designed for continuous-time processes, and those that are typically suffering from state explosion in practice. This article introduces a theoretical framework and a scalable computational method for formal analysis and control synthesis for switched diffusions, a class of stochastic models with linear dynamics that are continuous in both time and space domains; the focus is on safety with possible extensions to other properties. The proposed framework first constructs a finite abstraction in the form of an uncertain Markov process through discretization of both time and space domains. The errors caused by the discretization in each domain are formally characterized and cast into the abstraction model. Then, a strategy that maximizes the probability of the safety property and is robust against the errors is synthesized over the abstraction model. Finally, this robust strategy is mapped to a switching strategy for the stochastic processes that guarantees the safety property. The framework is demonstrated in three case studies, including one that illustrates the tradeoff of the error contribution by the time and space discretization parameters.

Formal development of an operation monitoring and control system for nuclear reactors using Event‐B method

Nuclear power plants are complex systems with many regulations, requirements, procedures, and operational constraints. The future autonomous safety monitoring and control system of nuclear plants require a constructive method in integrating and aggregating the accumulated knowledge database normally written in human language. For safety critical systems, formal methods such as model checking and theorem proving are used for verifying its conformance of safety requirements. However, formal specifications and implemented application codes are virtually unreadable for domain experts. To enhance this communication bottleneck and to boost productivity, we use semantic web technology to relate formal specifications with ontologies that are human-readable and have formal semantics. We introduce a nuclear reactor ontology of controlled vocabulary to link elements in a physical system and its Event-B model (a formal method for system-level modeling and analysis). Controlled vocabulary provides several benefits. It is still construction of a spoken language and thus, human readable and transparent. Their formal semantics make it easy to integrate them to the counterparts in their specification. We can generate system logs those are both human and machine friendly. Practitioners can write ad hoc query using SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL). As a proof of concept of our methodology, we build a system for safety monitoring and control of a nuclear reactor. We prototype our monitoring system in Event-B model and verify that it satisfies safety requirements and constraints. Then we build an OWL 2 ontology for the semantic web from the Event-B model annotating all metrics and events of the system monitors.

Possibilities of Var Application in Financial Investments

Value at Risk is one of the quantitative methods used in banking and insurance. It is basically a statistical estimate of the worst loss that may occur with a certain probability in a certain future period. The main aim of this paper is application of Value at Risk model to the problem of optimal portfolio creation. It focuses on banking sector in Slovak republic and uses Value at Risk to assess the risk of commercial bank sector in Slovakia. To achieve this goal, it uses several methods of formal logic like analysis, synthesis, deduction, comparison as well as statistical methods. The first part is dedicated to a description and characterization of Value at Risk. Second part is oriented on characteristics of Slovak banking sector. Results consist of application of Value at risk on five biggest commercial banks in Slovakia. The conclusion of this paper is focused on the sets of recommendations for Value a Risk application and possible source of problems, which could occur while applying it under the conditions of small economy and its banking sector.

Інтерпретація постаті Якова І (VI) та образів довкола нього на гравюрі Джона Друзхаута «Король Яків І Англійський та VI Шотландський із Правдою і Часом, Пам’яттю та Історією» (1651)

This essay aimed at iconological analysis of an engraving by John Droeshout. During the study, the author applied classical methods of art history: iconological and iconographical, method of formal stylistic analysis of Heinrich Wölfflin, culture-historical method of Jacob Burkhardt. The engraving dates back to 1651 – by that time the King has been already dead. Thus, it allows to explore the commemorative and representative practices of his successors. Droeshout's engraving and poetic commentary testify that the language of visual arts was perceived as optional and ancillary; one that helps to understand the plot of the book better (visually). Droeshout tests the weakening of the concept of ‘the divine right of Kings’. The images of skulls, time and candles are typical allegories of memento mori and vanitas. These images function in two dimensions at once: 1) indicating that King dies in the same way as ordinary people do; 2) while connecting the anthropomorphic images of Time, Truth, History, Memory they also indicating the inevitable restoration of Truth, which Time will return to History with the help of Memory. The prospect of further research is the disclosure of interaction between the narrative and the image of James I, which functioned in the English society of the revolutionary period (1640-1689). At the same time the ‘visual language’ of the elements of engraving (the symbolism of windows next to the figures of Memory and History, rugs behind the King's figure) should be explored.

Алгоритмизация формирования и прагматической трансформации ограничений существования свойств предметной области

The research area of this article is data mining, specifically the direction "ontological data analysis" developed by the authors, which should be understood as the analysis of empirical data on an unexplored, unstructured knowledge domain in order to build its formal ontology. The research subject of this article is the formation of a set of properties which are supposed to characterize objects of the studied knowledge domain (and, therefore, are subject to measurement in the broadest sense of the word), but with restrictions on the combination of such characteristics in objects — properties "existence constraints". The objectives of the research are to develop algorithms for the step-by-step formation of a set of measured properties with existence constraints, algorithms for modifying such a set (replacing and deleting properties), an algorithm for transforming the "natural" description of this set as a set with relations specified on it into a form convenient for the subsequent constructive use of information about existence constraints in ontological data analysis. In the paper we use the methods of set theory, binary relations, models and methods of formal concept analysis and the methodology for applying the existence constraints to construct formal ontologies. The difference and novelty of the proposed algorithms for the formation of a set of properties with existence constraints lies, first of all, in the "natural" and efficient representation of such sets in the form of graphs and incidence matrices (from the point of view of machine implementation). The novelty of the algorithms for modifying a set of properties with existence constraints lies in performed for the first time algorithmization of unique methods for expanding the set of measured properties that address directly the fundamen tal laws of classical logic. The same is true for the algorithm for transforming a set of measured properties into a set of properties groups that are homogeneous in the form of existential conjugation of member properties. The significance of the results obtained lies in the algorithmic support of a number of stages of ontological data analysis.

ГЕОИНФОРМАЦИОННО-КОГНИТИВНАЯ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ

The relevance of the study lies in considering the new content and features of a unified geospatial support for the economy and the life of society in the context of digital transformation. The aim of the work is to present the essence, fundamental points, new views and approaches to geospatial activities. Methods of formal logical analysis, linear programming, theory of matrix games with nature are used. A formal interpretation of the assessment and use of territorial resources as objects of a single geospatial activity is proposed. From the standpoint of the structural-functional approach, the essential characteristics of ensuring the life of society with geo-information and geosciences are considered. A formal-logical analysis of ideas about life in the surrounding geospace is given in order to optimize the use of its resources on the basis of an all-encompassing geospatial perspective. The concept of "geofragment" is introduced as an elementary unit of geospace, in which sectoral and / or natural processes take place and objects of different sectoral spaces interact. The role of geospatial knowledge is substantiated and an integrated approach to the processes of preparing spatial solutions for territory management based on a combination of geoinformation and geocognitive spaces is proposed. Geospatial activity in the territorial discourse is becoming an independent factor in the management of territories to ensure the life of society, based on the optimization of the distribution (redistribution) of territorial resources through the complex interaction of industries and clusters. This activity provides geodata, geo-information and geosciences for the diverse processes of interaction between industrial spaces and nature within the framework of a common physical geospace.

Guaranteed memory reduction in synthesis of correct-by-design invariance controllers

Formal methods for analysis of dynamical systems through construction of finite symbolic abstractions have attracted significant interest as they allow solving complex control problems in a fully automated fashion. Nevertheless, their practical application is currently limited by the fact that they require enormous memory resources. We present a novel algorithm for solution of invariance problems within abstraction-based framework, which guarantees large storage reduction and fully applies to general non-linear plants. We also show that, in practice, the algorithm is faster compared to other methods.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS METHODS IN MODERN POLISH AND UKRAINIAN DRAMAS

The article states that comparison of a certain range of Ukrainian and Polish dramas, for example, about the power of land in the second half of the 19th — beginning of the 20th centuries, requires a systematic presentation of methods of comparative analysis. The subject is studied differently in Slavic and Western European literary studies, and involves the problem of defining genre, genre canon, text poetics. This creates the need to present the principles of receptive aesthetics, post-structuralism, genealogy, interdisciplinary studies, and semiotics. Modern principles of comparativism mentioned above are described in the framework of contact-genealogical and typological methods, which emphasizes the commonality of drama topics not only from the perspective of artistic connections in the borderlands, but also due to typological coincidences in the world literary process. Thus, thanks to modern horizons of comparative studies, for example, the subject of earth is analyzed not only within the poetics of the text, but is interpreted as a multilevel figurative-mental (cognitive) structure with layers of literary, national, meta-artistic meanings.Having looked at a number of theoretical-methodological and historical-literary works of comparative or descriptive character, some theoretical and methodological foundations, which are used in comparative study of the mutual influence of the thematic complex and genre nature in modern Polish and Ukrainian drama, are characterized and generalized. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of using techniques and principles of formal analysis method, structural-semiotic, hermeneutic, phenomenological, genological, cultural-anthropological, intertextual, interdisciplinary methods, method of receptive aesthetics when comparing thematic aspects of literary aspects. These approaches are predominantly involved in the historical and typological direction, but some aspects, such as thematology, influence, archetype theory have been considered from the perspective of contact-genetic artistic relations.

Critical Discourse of African Vernacular Rooted Imageries in Pitika Ntuli’s Sculptures

My paper presents a critical discourse on African vernacular rooted imageries in the contemporary sculptures of Ntuli, the ideas they convey to viewers and how Africanness is indicated in each depiction produced between 2007 and 2016. I read Ntuli’s contemporary sculptures as African vernacular rooted because he appropriates in them cultural imageries from engagement with African contexts. Five images of his sculptures and installations were purposively selected for thematic and visual analysis. I adopt visual hermeneutics theory, formal analysis and cultural history methods for the reading of each work. The narrative reveals that Ntuli’s vernacular imageries reflects black South African men and a woman rooted in past and present socio-political events in South Africa. The thematic interpretations of the imageries reveal ideas on massacre not merely during apartheid but in post- apartheid South Africa, torture of victims detained without trial, anti-racialism and reflection on a historical hero from Zulu culture.

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ПРАЦІВНИКА З ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНИМ ОТОЧЕННЯМ БІЗНЕСУ

UDC 331.105.15; JEL Classification: М12 Purpose: modeling the effective interaction of the worker with the organizational environment of the business. Methodology of research: methods of system and complex analysis to study the problems of interaction of an individual worker with the organizational environment; methods of formal logical analysis to determine the factors that shape the process of modeling the effective interaction of the worker with the organizational environment of the business; methods of comparison, classification, systematization and synthesis of analysis results. Findings: set meaning and content of effective interaction of an individual worker with the organizational environment of the business; the answer to the question is received - what ultimately affects the effective implementation of the worker in the labor collective; the role of the value orientation of each worker in the business is established, which is mediated through a system of personal needs and motives, which, in turn, will indicate the goals set by the worker; the process of interaction between an individual worker and the organizational environment of the business is defined as a continuum that is in dynamics; the essence and content of the concept of the organizational environment of a business are revealed; an attempt was made to establish a balance that is defined as the degree of fulfillment of the expectations of the identified parties to the interaction, i.e. individual worker and organizational environment; identified factors that determine the expectations of the organizational environment and the expectations of the individual worker; the possibility of minimizing problems arising from the interaction of the parties to the interaction. Originality: the process of modeling the effective interaction of an individual worker with the organizational environment of the business is proposed taking into account the identified factors that reflect the expectations of the established parties to the interaction. Practical value: the obtained research results allow us to build an effective business contact between an individual worker and the organizational environment of the business, taking into account established factors that reflect the expectations of each worker of the business and organizational environment.

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ВНЕСЕННЯ ЗМІН У ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ ПРАВОСУДДЯ В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to the actual problem of trends in changes in the legal regulation of justice in Ukraine. The purpose is to analyse the changes that have occurred in the justice system, their impact on the further improvement of the justice system. During the research, general and specialized scientific methods were used to perform the tasks, in particular, the historical and hermeneutical method was used to study the trends of introducing changes in the legal regulation of justice in Ukraine, the method of formal logic and system analysis for the correctness of amendments to the legislation, the method of scientific analysis, the system method was used in the study of relationships between normative acts. As a results of the study, previously documented violation of the requirements of legislative engineering by the law of Ukraine “About the judiciary and status of judges” from the 2.06.2016 year. It is pointed out that the parliament initially voted for and only after that approved amendments to the Constitution (regarding justice). In fact, the law was adopted for the previous wording of the Constitution of Ukraine. By the decree of the President of Ukraine of 20 May 2015, the strategy of reforming the judicial system, judicial and allied legal institutes was approved for 2015–2020, which provides for the implementation of reforms in two stages. The first is to update the legislation, and the second one – in systemic changes to the Constitution of Ukraine and complex building of institutional capacities of the respective legal institutions in Ukraine. Conclusion. Positive trends of amending the legal regulation of the administration of justice in Ukraine mark the adaptation of the legislation on the judiciary to the international requirements, adoption of the law of Ukraine “About the judicial system and status of judges”, “About the High Council of Justice”, “About the Constitutional Court of Ukraine”, amending the Constitution of Ukraine to the powers of the President of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on justice, improvement of procedural codes in accordance with international standards, return of powers to the Supreme Court, establishment of the Supreme anticorruption court and adoption of the law of Ukraine “About the Supreme anticorruption court”.

A formal Analysis method of C language Real-Time system Operation based on TMSVL

The formal method requires a certain mathematical foundation, and the formal method can accurately standardize and verify the software system, which greatly improves the security and reliability of the software. This paper further analyzes the basic things of C language. We also learn to analyze the known and unknown topics, learn to consider problems together, and gradually expand our thinking. In particular, when confronted with major problems, the breakdown into many small problems to solve. This paper presents a formal Analysis method of C language Real-Time system Operation based on TMSVL.

STATegra, a comprehensive multi-omics dataset of B-cell differentiation in mouse

Multi-omics approaches use a diversity of high-throughput technologies to profile the different molecular layers of living cells. Ideally, the integration of this information should result in comprehensive systems models of cellular physiology and regulation. However, most multi-omics projects still include a limited number of molecular assays and there have been very few multi-omic studies that evaluate dynamic processes such as cellular growth, development and adaptation. Hence, we lack formal analysis methods and comprehensive multi-omics datasets that can be leveraged to develop true multi-layered models for dynamic cellular systems. Here we present the STATegra multi-omics dataset that combines measurements from up to 10 different omics technologies applied to the same biological system, namely the well-studied mouse pre-B-cell differentiation. STATegra includes high-throughput measurements of chromatin structure, gene expression, proteomics and metabolomics, and it is complemented with single-cell data. To our knowledge, the STATegra collection is the most diverse multi-omics dataset describing a dynamic biological system.

Beyond the local – Exploring the socio-spatial patterns of translocal network capital and its role in household resilience in Northeast Thailand

Livelihood studies have highlighted social support networks as critical sources of social capital and as an important feature of rural households' resilience, however so far, have contributed little the understanding of network capital's socio-spatial patterns. Accordingly, livelihood studies have tended to omit relevant determinants of rural households' resilience, especially in emerging and developing countries, such as Thailand, where rapid agrarian change and migration have resulted in increasing translocal connectedness between rural and urban areas and unevenly distributed livelihood outcomes. This paper aims at closing this gap, by systematically assessing the socio-spatial patterns of rural households' translocal networks in Northeast Thailand. Applying a translocal network approach combining methods of formal social network analysis (SNA) and qualitative network research, we find that translocal network capital matters more for accessing advice than for labor, but particularly for accessing financial support. Although poor households have less translocal network capital at their disposal, they depend more critically on translocal networks than rich households. While poor households rely particularly on migration-related bonding ties to provide financial means for coping with precarious livelihood conditions, rich households can leverage institutional translocal bridging ties to access advice and finance for the transformation towards market-oriented agriculture. These findings suggest that, in Northeast Thailand, translocal network capital contributes less to the poors' than to the richs' resilience. We conclude by calling for a more nuanced consideration of the socio-spatial patterns of network capital and propose applying a translocal network perspective as a fruitful means to this end.