Factor Extraction Method Research Articles

Development and validation of the attitude scale for the clinical nutrition care process of hospitalized patients for physicians

Objective: Evaluating physicians’ attitudes towards malnutrition and clinical nutrition in hospitalized patients are crucial for the implementation of optimal nutritional care process and the prevent of hospital malnutrition. The aim of this study is to develop a scale that evaluates physicians’ attitudes towards malnutrition in hospitalized patients. Methods: Based on the existing literature on clinical nutrition and the clinical experience of experts in this field, a 5-point Likert-type attitude scale consisting of 12 items was developed. Analysis was carried out using Parallel Analysis to determine the number of factors in the Exploratory factor analysis based on the Polychoric correlation matrix and Unweighted Least Squares as the factor extraction method. Results: There are 8 items in the 1st factor (Physician duties) and 4 items in the 2nd factor (Non-Physician duties). The Cronbach Alpha and McDonald’s Omega coefficients of the scale were found to be 0.72 and 0.81 respectively, from the sub-dimensions 0.78 and 0.85 for the 1st Factor, and 0.66 and 0.75 for the 2nd Factor. Conclusion: Attitude scale for the clinical nutrition care process of hospitalized patients for physicians is an instrument with good psychometric properties that measures examination of physicians’ attitudes related to clinical nutrition care process.

Factor analysis of the village health volunteers’ core competencies in Thailand

This survey research aimed to study the VHVs’ core competencies, in particular by analyzing the VHVs’ Competency Standards developed in 2007 in Thailand. The research used multistage probability random sampling. A total of 500 samples were collected from four regions in country through administering a questionnaire. The IOC was 0.70 –1, the CVI was 1, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.98. Exploratory factor analysis was deployed with principal component analysis and the Promax method for factor extraction and rotation. The sampling adequacy was verified with appropriate values (KMO = 0.96 and MSA values for each item ranging from 0.94 - 0.98 and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (p < 0.001)). The results demonstrated that there are seven core competencies for VHVs as follows: 1) Empowering children and youth to engage in community healthcare development, 2) Health promotion, 3) Disease prevention, 4) Basic medical care, 5) Policy implementation, 6) Fostering self-care awareness, and 7) Health risk monitoring and precaution. All competencies explained 70.02% of the variance. The results could serve as guidelines for developing VHVs’ competencies to deliver high-quality healthcare services in the community.

Faktör Analizinde Faktör Döndürme Yöntemleri: Ziraat Verisi Üzerinde Bir Uygulama

In this study, the rotation stage of factor analysis, which is one of the multivariate analysis methods, was examined. All stages of factor analysis have been defined. The material of the study consisted of a data set obtained from barley planted in 20 plots (replication) having 9 variables. In each plot, the average of 6 plants selected from that plot was used. The variables emphasized in the study were plant height, number of leaves, spike length, spike weight, grain yield, flowering period (days), harvest index, yield, and 1000-grain weight. Factors were obtained by principal component analysis, which is a factor extraction method, from the data set that met the prerequisites of the analysis. The criteria used in different factor rotations are given and based on these criteria, the formula that gives the optimum rotation angle for each data set was obtained. As a result, the formulas obtained for orthomax, varimax, quartimax, and equamax were applied to the factors obtained from the data set and the results were interpreted. As a result of factor rotation, when varimax, quartimax, and equamax methods were used, the values of the variables in terms of factor loads differed in each factor. This is a desirable situation for factor analysis results.

Development and validation of the interpersonal communication assessment tool for assessing the interpersonal communication skills of public health midwives

BackgroundInterpersonal Communication Skills (IPCS) are one of the core clinical skills that should be developed by the Public Health Midwives (PHMs), who are grass-root level public healthcare providers in primary healthcare settings in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to develop and validate the Interpersonal Communication Assessment Tool (IPCAT), an observational rating scale, to assess the IPCS of PHMs.MethodsItem generation, item reduction, instrument drafting, and development of the tool’s rating guide were made by an expert panel. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five randomly selected Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas, the smallest public health administrative division in the district of Colombo, Sri Lanka, to identify the factor structure, which is the correlational relationship between a number of variables in the tool. A sample of 164 PHMs was recruited. The data on IPCS were collected by video-recording the provider-client interaction using simulated clients. All recorded videos were rated by a rater using the drafted IPCAT, which included a Likert scale of 1(poor) to 5 (excellent). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the Principal Axis Factoring extraction method and the Varimax rotation technique to explore the factors. Three independent raters were used to rate ten randomly selected videos to assess the tool’s internal consistency and inter-rater reliability.ResultsThe IPCAT obtained a five-factor model with 22 items, and all five factors explained 65% of the total variance. The resulting factors were “Engaging” (six items on making rapport), “Delivering” (four items on paying respect), “Questioning” (four items on asking questions), “Responding” (four items on empathy), and “Ending” (four items to assess the skills of ending a conversation productively). The internal consistency, Cronbach’s Alpha value, for all five factors was above 0.8, and the inter-rater reliability (ICC) was excellent (0.95).ConclusionsThe Interpersonal Communication Assessment Tool is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the interpersonal communication skills of Public Health Midwives.Trial registrationClinical Trial Registry, Sri Lanka. Ref No, SLCTR/2020/006(February 4th,2020)

Food safety governance information tool design in trust crisis - Analysis based on consumer trust perspective

In this paper, we use the method of principal-form analysis, based on 836 consumer survey data obtained from mobile Internet, and analyze the trust of current residents' tea consumption behavior on information content, presentation form, subject and other elements of information tools and their influence on the pollution-free certified products with the help of descriptive statistical analysis, KMO test and common factor extraction method. It was found that, firstly, the higher the trust of tea consumers in information content, the higher the additional willingness to pay; secondly, the form trust also significantly affects tea consumers' willingness to pay for pollution-free certified tea, and the specific cognitive information presentation form can effectively enhance tea consumers' willingness to pay; thirdly, there are significant differences in the trust of subjects, and enhancing the trust of industrial subjects helps to improve the pollution-free certified industrial The effect of trust of external subjects is not significant; fourth, the higher the tea consumers' care about the attributes of experienced products, the higher the degree of knowledge about the three products and one standard, and the higher the consumers' education, the higher they are willing to pay higher prices for traceable tea.

형사사법 연구에서 활용되는 요인분석의 사용 관행과 개선방안

This study examined the practices used to verify the validity of scales in the criminal justice areas and confirmed whether these practices were correct. Among 259 research papers published in journals listed by KCI from 2017 to 2021, 97 papers were selected for this study, which used factor analysis to verify the validity of the scale. 78.4% of papers conducted exploratory factor analysis to verify validity. It was confirmed that KMO statistics and Bartlett’s test of sphericity, methods to determine the number of factors, factor extraction methods, factor-axis rotation methods, result-presentation methods were performed. As a result, 59.2% of papers did not report the results of the KMO statistics and Bartlett sphericity tests, and 77.6% did not report the method of determining the number of factors. In the case of factor extraction method, 60.5% did not report it, and most of them used principal component analysis. In the case of rotation, 52.6% did not mention it, and VARIMAX(orthogonal rotation) was the most common method of factor-axis rotation. In addition, exploratory factor analysis showed that the report was almost inadequate. Finally, the analysis results by confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis were compared using child and youth panel data in practice.

The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Study

<p style="text-align: justify;">The aim of the present study is to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) as part of the study of affective variables using a sample of English as a foreign language (EFL) university students in Morocco. Two hundred and six (N = 206) participants of undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate levels completed the self-esteem (SE) questionnaire. Using classical methods of factor extraction before employing more robust techniques comprising minimum average partial (MAP) and parallel analysis (PA) to perform preliminary factor analysis (FA) using principal axis factoring (PAF), results conclusively and parsimoniously yielded a one-factor solution with acceptable construct reliability (Composite Reliability). CFA results, including goodness-of-fit indexes, confirmed that the one-factor model was better fitting compared to its competing independent two-factor counterpart, but marginally less so compared to the correlated version of the latter. Two out of the three constructed models showed good fit indexes, thus demonstrating the conformity of two measurement models with their respective hypothesized structural models. Furthermore, using the heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratio, both two-factor models showed acceptable discriminant validity. The obtained results further corroborate both the one-factor and two-factor solutions reported in previous works for which we present new evidence from a Moroccan EFL context.</p>

Exploring Tax Audits Instrument Validation: Perceptions Of Tax Inspectors At A Tax Office In Bandung City

The state's critical role in tax revenue is essential for national development's sustainability and smooth running. One way to increase tax revenue is to conduct tax audits on potentially problematic taxpayers. This study aims to explore the tax audit instrument. Researchers tested the statement instrument to measure tax audits from employee perceptions directly related to tax audits, with as many as 40 people at one tax office in Bandung. The researcher used an exploratory factor analysis approach with the principal axis factor and oblimin extraction methods. The calculation results show the KMO value of 64.2%; the tax audit variable form into four factors. Furthermore, a simple calculation using the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach shows adequate validity and reliability values. The calculation results indicate that the statement items developed from the aspects of the audit, implementation, and reporting of the tax audit results meet the initial criteria to become an indicator of measuring the tax audit instrument. The study results provide an adequate tax audit instrument; however, further testing needs to validate this instrument to use in general.

The Effect of Hair Stylist's Professional Image on Customers' Makeover Needs and Recommendation Intention

The purpose of this study is to research the effect of the hair stylist’s professional image has on customers' makeover needs and recommendation intention. Customers aged from 20 to 50 were surveyed over a period of 5 weeks resulting in data from a total of 604 customers. The results of the survey were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted with the principal components method being used as the factor extraction method in order to extract factors that have a value greater than or equal to the specified eigenvalue. By conducting a varimax rotation in relation to factor rotation, this study has derived six hypotheses. The study results show that the validity and reliability were sufficiently high in the relationship between the hair stylist’s professional image, the customers’ makeover needs, and recommendation intention. It was found that the hair stylist’s professional image, the customer's makeover desires, and the recommendation intention had a significant positive (+) effect on each other. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the hair stylist’s professional image was an important factor in satisfying the customer’s makeover needs and also influenced the recommendation intention. Therefore, this suggests that the hairstylist’s professional image will help raise customers’ trust and satisfaction and will contribute to raising the value of the beauty industry, and help develop the beauty industry.

Umbilical cord clamping time and maternal satisfaction

ObjectiveClamping of the umbilical cord is part of the third stage of delivery. Delayed cord clamping (DCC) is recommended due to its contribution to prevention of anaemia. There is no evidence on the effect of DCC on maternal satisfaction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different sociodemographic and obstetric factors, including the timing of cord clamping, on maternal satisfaction with the birth experience in our healthcare system. DesignPragmatic non-drug intervention study with simple random assignment of participating mothers (Clinical Trials N°: NCT03624335). SettingA public, university-level hospital in Villarreal city, eastern Spain. ParticipantsChildbearing woman, gestation week between 35 and 42 weeks, with regular medical pregnancy checks, single pregnancy and vaginal delivery (N = 198, 80% of the women recruited). Interventionsumbilical cord clamping within 60 seconds of the birth (Early cord clamping, ECC) versus umbilical cord clamping after pulsation had been ceased (Delayed cord clamping, DCC). MeasurementsBirth satisfaction was measured using the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale (MCSRS). Additionally, sociodemographic data, degree of knowledge about the moment of clamping and type of breastfeeding data were recorded. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests for comparison of the mean of two, three, or more groups, respectively, and Chi-square and Spearman for comparison of two qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively, were used. To determine the weight of each factor of MCSRS, an exploratory factor analysis was carried out using the maximum likelihood method for factor extraction and the varimax method for factor rotation. The adequacy of the factor analysis was checked by mean of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Bartlett sphericity test. The level of significance was set at a p-value of < 0.05. FindingsThe average degree of satisfaction was 4.55/5 (SD: 0.37). No statistically significant difference was observed between mothers’ satisfaction according to mother level of study or mother's place of birth, while it changed significantly with age (p = 0.0398). Within the obstetric variables, satisfaction was significantly associated with spontaneous amniorrhexis, the duration of the second stage of delivery, and the Apgar value of the newborn at the first minute of life, and was independent of the number of previous pregnancies and deliveries, use of intrapartum oxytocin, epidural analgesia, episiotomy, the weight of the child at birth and type of breastfeeding. Furthermore, there was no relationship between the time of clamping and satisfaction (p = 0.5178). Key ConclusionsMaternal satisfaction with the birth experience varies with the age of the childbearing woman, and some intrapartum factors and the result is not influenced by the time of clamping of the umbilical cord. Therefore, this component of the physiological management of childbirth provides additional benefits for the health of the neonate, without negative consequences on the final perception of the maternal health care received. Implications for practiceIf there are no reasons that justify an early umbilical cord clamping, delaying it brings benefits to the neonate, without negatively affecting the maternal assessment of the experience of childbirth.

The opening mode stress intensity factor extraction method from mixed mode crack using single element strain gage.

The opening mode stress intensity factor extraction method from mixed mode crack using single element strain gage.

IoT based improved air quality index prediction using hybrid FA-ANN-ARMA model

Airpollutionhasbeenamajorissueinrecentdecadesowingtoincreasingindustrial,agricultural,andurbanwastedisposal.Thefastriseinpollutingmaterialintheatmosphereaffectstheclimaticcondition,alterstheatmosphere,andharmshumanhealth.ThenegativeconsequencesofairpollutionhavepromptedacademicstoanticipateandcalculatetheAirQualityIndex(AQI)usingfactorextractionandregressionmethods.Tosolvethisissue,thisstudyproposesanIoT-basedhybridmodelthatcombinesFactorAnalysis(FA),ArtificialNeuralNetworks(ANN),andAuto-RegressiveMovingAverage(ARMA)methods.TheFactorAnalysis(FA)modelisusedtoextractpollutingcomponents,followedbyArtificialNeuralNetworks(ANN)toregresstheprojectedrate.Thesuggestedhybridmodel'squantitativeanalysisshowsanincreaseinaccuracyfrom76.2percentto94.8percentwhilesimplifyingtheprocedure.ThesuggestedIoT-basedhybridmodelmaybeusedtoestimatetheproportionofpollutingcomponentsintheair.

A displacement correlation method for stress intensity factor extraction from 3D fractures in anisotropic materials

A numerical method to extract stress intensity factors (SIFs) from 3D fractures in anisotropic materials is presented. The formulation of a displacement correlation method that is valid for linear elastic materials with arbitrary symmetry in their elastic properties is given in detail. An algorithm for the numerical implementation of the method is also given. The methodology can take an approximate displacement field from any numerical method as input to the extraction process. However, to return accurate stress intensity factors an accurate numerical displacement field is required. In this work, this is provided by a Generalized Finite Element Method. Several verification problems show that the anisotropic displacement correlation method is robust and can extract accurate SIFs. The methodology is used in a parametric study of crack–crack interactions in a high-strength aluminum alloy to demonstrate a practical application. More than 200 simulations are run using the Generalized Finite Element Method, which are largely able to be scripted and ran without user intervention after one simulation is set up.

Development of a creativity orientation scale using EFA

In a pilot study, an exploratory factor analysis using a minimum rank factor extraction method and an oblique (Promin) rotation of 30 self-report items on a proposed Creativity Orientation Scale (COS) was conducted on a snowball sample (n = 237). The purpose was to gain more in-depth understanding of attitudes toward and perceptions of creativity and creative individuals within the framework of social identity theory. Using the optimal implementation of Parallel Analysis (PA) retention method, a three-factor solution provided the clearest extraction. Factor 1 (creative-averse orientation) accounted for 37.32% of the variance and had seven items. Factor 2 (creative-approach orientation) accounted for 18.76% of the variance and had eight items. Factor 3 accounted for 8.31% of the variance and had only two items and therefore was not considered salient. Following rotation, these three items accounted for 64.40% of the total variance.

Assessment of Participation within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF): The Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Participation Scale.

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Participation Scale (P-Scale). Methods A total of 152 students, with a mean age of 20.27 ± 2.19, participated in the study. Sociodemographic information (age, gender, and family income) was recorded; all participants completed the P-Scale twice with a 15-day interval. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed to analyze the validity and reliability of the P-Scale. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's alpha were used for scale reliability statistics and explanatory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis; Mardia's multivariate normality and assumption tests were used for the validity of the scale. The factor extraction methods were minimum rank factor analysis in EFA and weighted least squares mean and variance adjusted estimator polychoric correlation matrix in CFA. Results Internal consistency of the scale was found good with Cronbach's alpha (0.852) and excellent with McDonald's alpha (0.924). The EFA and CFA resulted in two-factored structure, with the explained variance found to be higher than 30%. Conclusions Analysis demonstrated that the P-Scale had a satisfactory level of reliability and validity in Turkish university students.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Nurses Professional Values Scale-3: Indonesian Version.

The Nurses Professional Values Scale-3 (NPVS-3) is an important instrument for measuring the development and sustainability of professional values in nurses and nursing students. The translation, adaptation, and validation on this scale, including in Indonesia, is still very limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the Indonesian version of NPVS-3. This study used forward and backward translation methods and a cluster random sampling of 600 nurses participated. The 28-item scale of NPVS3-I was tested using EFA, applying the principal axis factoring extraction method and varimax with Kaiser normalization rotation method. The CFA used SEM with AMOS. Findings suggested sufficient content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the Indonesian version of NPVS-3. The I-CVI values ranged between 0.80 to 1.00 and the S-CVI was 0.99. Construct validity was supported with loading factors ranging from 0.49 to 0.84 for three factors (Caring, Activism, and Professionalism). The CFA goodness-of-fit indices were X2 (df) = 1516.95 (347), p < 0.001, normed chi-square (X2/df) = 4.37, RMSEA = 0.106, SRMR = 0.079, and CFI = 0.735. The Indonesian version of the NPVS3 showed good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alphas for the instrument of 0.97 and 0.94, 0.95, and 0.89 for Caring, Activism, and Professionalism, respectively. The Indonesian version of the NPVS-3 is valid and reliable for use in Indonesia.

Determinants of Tourists Arrivals in The East Coast Peninsular Malaysia: An Exploratory Factor Analysis

The east coast peninsular Malaysia is richly endowed with beautiful ambiance of folk arts and has various cultures and unique art inherited for ages. However, number of domestic and international tourist that visit to Terengganu, Pahang and Kelantan is not encouraging where a percentage drop of tourist arrivals has been recorded. Hence, this study focuses on the determinant factors that attract tourists’ arrivals in the East Coast Peninsular Malaysia and the objective is to investigate the relationship between determinant factors which are facilities and infrastructures, strategies, cultures and policies that influence the tourist arrivals to the east coast peninsular Malaysia. The instrument was pretested using questionnaires that have been adapted from several scholars. The questionnaires for the pilot study was organized into 6 sections and conducted towards hundred (100) respondents, which are tourists that travel and accommodate themselves in hotels at Kuala Terengganu. In contrast, the major discussion in this article is focusing on analysing data using exploratory factor analysis. The process started with the evaluation of data, factor extraction and retention method, selection of rotational method and labelling and naming the factor. An empirical verification of the validity and reliability of the survey questionnaire was developed. Exploratory Factor Analysis highlights the summarization of all 22 item-analysis output. The result from reliability test indicates an affirmative result where the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is 0.932 which highlights the quality and consistency of the questionnaire’s items. Moreover, the sampling is proven adequate as shown in KMO and Bartlett test and the scree plot revealed 4 factors which are consistent with the number of variables in theoretical framework. The Rotated Component Matrix shows that all five factor components matrix items scored above 0.50 and there is no item deleted. These results proven that this study’s instruments are valid for data collection process and able to be continued with the Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Determining afforestation areas by using social, economic and ecological scales

Global anthropogenic damage is caused when humans aim to improve their welfare by social and economic activities. From this vantage, this paper seeks to determine priority locations for afforestation areas and carbon sinks by using socio-economic and ecological variables. Factor analysis is performed on degraded forest areas (DEGFRST), the ratio of non-forest areas to provincial general area (NFL), average of total monthly rainfall (ATMR), air pollution (PM10), the amount of migration (AMGR), annual average population density (AAPD), gross domestic product by industrial activity (I_GDP), socio-economic development index (SEDI) of provinces, export (EXP) and import (IMP) amount of provinces, average number of cars per one thousand people (ACNPT), and average electricity consumption per person (AECPP) variables for all provinces in Turkey (KMO = 0.802, Bartlett's χ2 = 832.191, and p < 0.0001). Principal component analysis is used as a factor extraction method. Based on the three components obtained (explaining 74.730% of the total variance), the factor scores of 81 provinces were analyzed geostatistically using the Kriging interpolation method. The final map of potential afforestation areas was created using three-factor maps and factor variances, according to weighted overlay analysis. As a result of this study, afforestation priority areas in Turkey were identified based on three components. In subsequent studies, by increasing the number of variables used in this study, strategies for increasing Turkey's carbon sinks can be planned. Evaluating socio-economic and ecological factors together in afforestation studies can contribute to balancing human impact and conservation through alternative approaches.

Residual learning of the dynamics model for feeding system modelling based on dynamic nonlinear correlate factor analysis

Feeding system modelling is the foundation for control strategy optimization, contour error compensation, etc., to improve the productivity and quality of a part. This paper proposes a novel residual learning approach for fitting the simulation error of the dynamics model of a machine tool feeding system. Then, the feeding system model consisting of the dynamics model and the residual model is constructed by integrating prior knowledge with statistical learning knowledge. The residual model is trained by using the training dataset generated from the dynamics model instead of using only the input and output data (i.e., the end-to-end data). In addition, a dynamic nonlinear correlate factor extraction method is proposed to extract the training dataset from the dynamics model and the reference data. Compared to the end-to-end data, the training dataset knows very well about the system’s nonlinear features owing to the internal prior knowledge of the dynamics model. Experiments conducted on a vertical milling centre confirm the effectiveness of the feeding system model in dynamic response prediction. Compared to the existing dynamics or data-driven modelling method, the proposed method can achieve higher prediction accuracy in nonlinear motion processes, such as the reverse process, and can obtain stable performance with respect to different feedrates owing to the residual learning approach.

A novel behavioral model in initiation and sustenance of toothbrushing behavior among dental and medical students in India: an exploratory analysis

Purpose: Toothbrushing holds key importance in practical, competent, and efficacious design to limit the formation of dental plaque on the dental tissues, in turn, leading to a decrease in dental diseases. The recent addition to this growing knowledge in health behavior research is the multi-theory model (MTM) which addresses two crucial modules of health behavior: initiation and sustenance. In spite of reinforcing the habit of brushing twice daily, a lack of sustenance is found among young adults; hence, the objectives were to explore the substratal structure of MTM and to test the fit of MTM questionnaire in dental and medical students in India. Methodology: A questionnaire aimed at addressing sociodemographic information and MTM was designed. Reliability analysis was performed and explorative analysis was done using principal component analysis as the factor extraction method. Construct validity was investigated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to add a level of statistical. Results: Reliability analysis revealed a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.892 and split-half reliability value of 0.779. Test–retest reliability was found to be 0.77 (P