Emulsion Polymerization Method Research Articles

Design of dinuclear osmium complex doped antifouling cellulose nanoparticles for targeting and dual photodynamic/photothermal therapy under near infrared irradiation

Transition metal-ligand has been explored in the treatment of tumors in photodynamic theray (PDT) or photothermal therapy (PTT) and Osmium complex attracts attentration due to its lower toxicity and longer absorption wavelength. However, there was no report about binuclear Os complex for combined therapy of PDT and PTT which could have a synergistic effect and improve the effectiveness. Herein, we synthesis of mono/dinuclear Os complexes (OsY1, OsY2) with dual PDT/PTT capabilities under a single near-infrared (NIR) excitation wavelength. These features arise from the large π-conjugated structure of our dinuclear Os complex coupled with efficient metal-to-ligand charge transfer, which bring in ultralow energy gaps of 0.733 eV and 0.308 eV for OsY1 and OsY2, respectively. Furthermore, we prepared the Osmium complex-doped, aptamer-conjugated cellulose NPs via the emulsion polymerization method. These NPs exhibit a notable ability to target mitochondria and posse a “protein corona-free” status, showing much higher efficiency in tumor ablation (76 %) than the commercialized indocyanine green (ICG) doped cellulose NPs (24 %) under 808 nm irradiation. Consequently, our designed mono/dinuclear Os complex, featuring a single-molecule dual PDT/PTT effect within doped antifouling NPs, holds promise for potential applications in cancer therapy.

Damping and acoustic properties of nanosilica filled poly(styrene-acrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs): Effect of nanocomposite preparation method

Research on noise pollution reduction has focused on utilizing damping coatings and polymer nanocomposites to enhance sound absorption. Nanosilica/poly(styrene-acrylate) nanocomposites as a water-based coating were prepared through in-situ emulsion polymerization and direct mixing methods at varying concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 wt% of nanosilica. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that the inclusion of surfactant-containing micelles and a more extended synthesis period in the in-situ synthesis technique enhanced the interaction between silica nanoparticles and polymer chains. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed a unimodal distribution and an acceptable range of polydispersity index (PDI) for neat and nanocomposite latexes. The addition of silica nanoparticles enhanced the stability of latex particles, especially evident in the direct mixing method. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirmed the better dispersion of nanoparticles within the polymer matrix in the in-situ method. The addition of nanosilica resulted in a significant increase in pseudoplastic behavior and viscosity, notably in the in-situ synthesis. In both the in-situ synthesis and direct mixing techniques, the addition of 1 wt% of nanosilica resulted in an increase in the damping factor of nanocomposite films to about 2. However, when the nanosilica content was further increased to 3 wt%, the damping factor decreased. Acoustic tests demonstrated improved sound absorption with silica nanoparticles, yielding noise reduction coefficient (NRC) values of 0.49 and 0.46 for in-situ synthesis and direct mixing. The direct mixing method notably enhanced tensile properties at all nanoparticle content levels. Dried nanocomposite films exhibited superior UV-blocking capabilities compared to neat polymer films.

Formulation and Evaluation of Lungs-Specific Doxorubicin-Loaded Chitosan-PLGA-Alginate Polymeric Nanoparticles

Background: An antibiotic called doxorubicin is produced by the Streptomyces peuce-tius bacterium, which is a member of the anthracycline drug class and is used in chemotherapy. Usually, doxorubicin is employed to cure solid tumors in children and adult patients. The physical and biological stability of the medicine can be increased by encasing it in nanoparticles, which increases the active pharmaceutical ingredient's bioavailability. Objective: This study aimed to create lungs targeting doxorubicin-loaded biodegradable polymer-ic nanoparticulate system by utilizing an appropriate method and conducting its evaluation. Methods: The polymeric nanoparticles using biodegradable polymers were prepared by the emul-sion polymerization method. Franz- diffusion cells were utilized to conduct in-vitro drug diffu-sion investigations. Results: Based on the outcomes of the experiments carried out for the research, polymeric nano-particles of doxorubicin were prepared utilizing different concentrations of chitosan, Sodium al-ginate, and PLGA. The visual appearance of doxorubicin polymeric nanoparticles shows homo-geneous dispersion with no phase separation form. The percentage yield, % entrapment efficien-cy, and drug content obtained for the final formulation were 93.43 ± 1.776, 87.31 ± 1.075, and 91.98 ± 0.493, respectively. A size dimension of 174.51 nm with a PDI of 0.242 and zeta poten-tial value of -36.1 mV of prepared nanoparticles demonstrate the stability of the formulation. The presentation of the PNPs of the optimized formulation having 310mg Tween 80 showed in vitro diffusion of 98.93% ± 0.296 % and an increased flux rate. Based on the determination coeffi-cients, the Higuchi model (K0 = 20.43 and R2= 0.982) was determined to have the best fit for the release data. Conclusion: Based on the trials conducted during the investigation, it was determined that the emulsion polymerization technique was best for the fabrication of the polymeric nanoparticles by utilizing different concentrations of chitosan, Sodium alginate, and PLGA. The formulation F6 containing 310mg Tween 80 suggested improved in vitro diffusion following the Higuchi model throughout all formulations. The findings suggest that a sustained process was responsible for the drug's release from the doxorubicin polymeric nanoparticles.

Facile Synthesis of Soft Core-Shell Nanospheres for Constructing Multiresponsive Photonic Crystal Security Patterns.

Responsive photonic crystals (RPCs) presenting tunable structural colors under external stimuli are widely applied in the fields of dynamic displays, sensors, and anticounterfeiting. However, the development of multiresponsive photonic crystal (MRPC) films possessing versatile variable optical properties remains a significant challenge due to the tedious synthetic procedure of multifunctional building blocks and complex assembly processes, thereby constraining their extensive applications. In the present work, a series of soft nanospheres with a hydrophobic cores and responsive hydrophilic shells have been synthesized by a facile one-step surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method. The MRPC patterns were then prepared by depositing soft nanosphere emulsions onto the 3D-printed substrates with a topological structure followed by drying at room temperature. The shells of soft nanospheres deformed and fused with each other, resulting in the formation of transparent MRPC film patterns. The MRPC patterns exhibited brilliant structural color in a wet state but lost the color again after complete drying. Such a reversible structural color was ascribed to the change of the refractive index (RI) of the hydrophilic shell layers of nanospheres according to wetting/drying state shifting. Moreover, the on-demand designed MRPC patterns could rapidly respond to external stimuli of temperature, pH, and organic solvents in a reversible manner, and multichannel encrypted security labels were also demonstrated. We postulate that our facile and feasible approach can be applied to the systematic design and large-scale production of MRPC patterns for a variety of applications.

Molecular imprinting based sensor system developed using polymeric nanoparticles for detecting 17β‐estradiol in agricultural wastewater

AbstractMicro pollutants pose a significant issue in water ecosystems. Particularly high concentrations of 17β‐estradiol (E2) have been identified in agricultural wastewater, which poses harmful effects on aquatic organisms and disrupts ecosystem balance. Therefore, effective determination of E2 from water sources is crucial. This study developed a biosensor capable of detecting E2 in wastewater using specific polymer nanoparticle synthesis through molecular imprinting. Est‐imp‐poly(multi‐walled carbon nanotubes‐glycidyl methacrylate [MWCNT‐GMA]) polymer nanoparticles were synthesized using a surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization method, and their characterization was conducted using FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technologies. The Qmax value for Est‐imp‐poly(MWCNT‐GMA) nanoparticles in a 1 mg/mL E2 solution was determined to be 140 ppm. Comparing adsorption capacities, the molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MIP) showed nearly five times higher E2 adsorption compared to non‐imprinted polymers (NIP). The Est‐imp‐poly(MWCNT‐GMA)‐Nafion/screen‐printed electrode (SPE) system was employed for analyzing wastewater samples. The current measurements taken at various concentrations in the wastewater consistently matched the E2 concentration calibration curve. The limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantification (LoQ) were determined to be 0.042 and 0.12 μM, respectively. The biosensor demonstrated a linear working range from 0.12 to 50 μM, with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9927). These results highlight the potential of the developed biosensor for detecting E2 in real samples.

Chain Friction and Lubrication Balanced Ultra-Tough Polyacrylates With Wide-Span Switchable Stiffness for Strain-Programmable Deformation.

Natural mollusks perform complex mechanical actions through reversible large-strain deformation and stiffness switching, which are challenging to achieve simultaneously in synthetic materials. Herein, it is shown that a set of polyacrylates designed according to a chain friction and lubrication balanced strategy showsultra-stretchability (λ up to 324), high resilience (near 100% recovery at strain ≥ 100), and wide-span stiffness switching (up to 2073 times). The typical emulsion polymerization method and casting technique are adopted to fabricate the polyacrylate films. Quaternary ammonium surfactants are used as the emulsifier and reserved in the polymer matrix to enhance the chain segment lubrication with their long alkyl group but improve the whole chain friction through the formation of nano-eutectics. These polyacrylates undergo multimodal mechanical responses, including temperature- or time-programmed deformation and load-bearing like artificial muscles. This molecular design principle and synthetic method provide a robust platform for the fabrication of ultra-tough polymers for soft robots with multiple customized functions.

Sensitive and specific detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food samples using imprinted upconversion fluorescence probe prepared by emulsion polymerization method

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a foodborne pathogen with high morbidity and mortality rates, necessitating rapid detection methods. Current techniques, while reliable, are labor-intensive and not amenable to on-site testing. We report the design and synthesis of a novel imprinted upconversion fluorescence probe through Pickering emulsion polymerization for the specific detection of L. monocytogenes. The probe employs trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and divinylbenzene as cross-linkers, acryloyl-modified chitosan as a functional monomer, and the bacterium itself as the template. The developed probe demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity in detecting L. monocytogenes, with a limit of detection of 72 CFU/mL. It effectively identified the pathogen in contaminated salmon and chicken samples, with minimal background interference. The integration of molecular imprinting and upconversion fluorescence materials presents a potent and reliable approach for the rapid and specific detection of L. monocytogenes, offering considerable potential for on-site food safety testing.

Boron adsorption studies of poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) latex: effect of modification agents

Poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) (PSGMA) latex was synthesized by emulsion polymerization method. PSGMA latex was modified with N-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG), 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane (BAPE), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (HEA), and N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (NMEA). The presence of N amount varying between 2.1 and 4.4% in the results of elemental analysis showed that the modification was successful. Boron adsorption studies were carried out using these modified latexes. The study was carried out using the curcumin method by UV–vis spectrophotometry. For the most effective adsorption process, at pH value of 9, the boron concentration was 10 ppm and the contact time was 60 min. It was found that latex modified with NMDG had a higher adsorption capacity (0.195 mmol/g) than other modified latexes. Particle sizes were determined by dynamic light scattering spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The particle diameter of PSGMA latex was found to be approximately 140 nm in SEM analysis and the particles were almost monodisperse. After PSGMA latex was modified with NMDG, BAPE, HEA, and NMEA agents and boron adsorption was performed, it was observed that the particle diameters increased to approximately 170, 270, 220, and 260 nm, respectively. An elemental analyzer was used to determine the %N of the structures. The %B2O3 of the structures was determined with a thermogravimetric analyzer. While thermal analysis studies showed that organic components were completely removed from the structure at 700 °C, residues ranging from 4.8 to 10.4% (%B2O3) were found in boron adsorption polymers. The %B amounts were determined with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy device. It was observed that the amount of adsorbed boron varied between 0.42 and 0.95%, and the highest amount of %B belonged to latex modified with NMDG due to its very simple structure and the location of the –OH groups.Graphical

Synthesis of Poly(methacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) Nanogels: Effect of Synthesis Parameters on the Nanosize, Characterization and Stimuli‐Sensitive Characteristics

AbstractPoly(methacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) P(MAAm‐co‐MAAc) nanogels were synthesized using emulsion polymerization method and characterized in terms of structure, stimuli‐sensitive behavior and nanosize. The effect of monomer, surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and cross‐linker (N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide) concentration on the nanosize of the nanogels was investigated. The hydrodynamic size of nanogels was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and it was found to be in the range of 109.8–146.1 nm. Polydispersity index (PDI) values were lower than 0.3 (in the range of 0.145–0.261) confirming the narrow size distribution of the nanogels. Zeta potential measurements indicated that the nanogels exhibited good stability. Stimuli‐sensitive behavior of the nanogels was evaluated using UV‐visible spectroscopy. Characterization of the nanogels was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Investigation of controlled salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate release from double molecular imprinted nanoparticles

Salmeterol xinafoate (SAM) and fluticasone propionate (FLU) are one of the drug combinations used together in the treatment of lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study is to investigate the usability of novel dual molecular imprinted nanoparticles (poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(L)-alanine-N-methacryloyl-(L)-histidine) [p(HEMA-MAAL-MAH)], abbr. DMIPNPs) as a controlled drug release systems. In this study, SAM and FLU drugs were chosen as model drugs because they are used in the treatment of these diseases. DMIPNPs were prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). In in vitro drug release experiments, drug release conditions were optimized. SAM and FLU release from DMIPNPs experiments were also performed in the simulated lung fluid (SLF). The amount of released SAM and FLU were found as 4.79 and 5.68 mg/g in the SLF medium at the end of 48 h, respectively. The release kinetics of SAM and FLU from DMIPNPs were calculated in the SLF medium. The release of SAM and FLU was determined to be compatible with the Higuchi release models. According to these results, these DMIPNPs, dual-template molecular imprinted nanoparticles with dual monomers, are promising materials that can be used in the controlled release of two different drugs.Graphical abstract

Influence of the aniline concentration on the morphology and property of polyaniline nanotubes and their polymerization mechanism

Polyaniline is a kind of polymer material with excellent electrochemical performance, and it stands out among a number of conductive polymer materials owing to its low cost, easy availability of raw materials, and excellent physical and chemical properties. However, the poor processability of polyaniline impedes its broad application. Preparing nanosized structure and introducing big molecular organic acids as dopant are practical strategies to solve this problem. Here using ammonium persulfate as oxidant, sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant, and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid as doping acid, polyaniline nanotubes were successfully prepared via emulsion polymerization method and characterized by various measurements. The influence of aniline concentration on the morphology and property of the product was explored. The polymerization mechanism of polyaniline nanotubes was discussed in detail based on the analysis of the microscopic morphology. As the concentration of aniline monomer increases, the position of the characteristic absorption peak in the infrared spectrum of the polyaniline main chain remains almost unchanged, but the ratio of benzene to quinone gradually increases. Along with the increasing aniline concentration, the crystallinity of polyaniline gradually decreases from 56.21% to 40.37%. In addition, the optimal conductivity is 2.05×10−2 S/cm when the concentration of aniline monomer is 0.5 mol/L.

Organelle-like water-borne curcumin nanoparticles with smart fluorescence for anti-counterfeiting and food quality monitoring

Current fluorescent labels are often expensive and environmentally unfriendly and tend to lose their fluorescence when combined with dry and hydrophilic substrates because of their hydrophobic nature. Thus, the development of environmentally friendly, low-cost, and scalable fluorescent materials is still highly desirable but significantly challenging, especially for anti-counterfeiting and food quality monitoring. In this study, highly fluorescent nanoparticles were prepared by mimicking organelles and using natural and sustainable curcumin as a fluorescent component. The preparation process was easily scalable via traditional seeded emulsion polymerization methods and green without using additional organic solvents. The resulting curcumin-based fluorescent nanoparticles (CFNs) were well dispersed in water, offering smart fluorescence in water-based environments or a dried polymer coating. In particular, CFNs-based coatings could be used for effective smart anti-counterfeiting and food quality monitoring. The proposed strategies may inspire the design of novel, green, and sustainable smart fluorescent materials/coatings for applications in anti-counterfeiting, smart food tags and labels, and visual sensing systems.

Development of an amine-impregnated polymer aerogel for CO2 capture

The synthesis and characterization of amine-impregnated polymer aerogels for CO2 capture represents a groundbreaking advancement in combating the urgent challenges of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and climate change mitigation. The traditional way of synthesizing aerogels for CO2 capture is to use a one-step gelation process without functionalizing the aerogel, which, to some extent, has low CO2 capture capacity and kinetics. This study finds a method of synthesizing the functionalized aerogel, which has high CO2 adsorption capacity, faster kinetic, and is more stable. The polymer aerogel was developed using an oil-water emulsion polymerization method, followed by freeze-drying. It was impregnated with a mono-ethanolamine (MEA) solution to enhance CO2 adsorption. The performance of the amine-impregnated poly (AAm-co-AAc) aerogels was tested in a continuous adsorption column filled with aerogel. The adsorption results showed the amine-impregnated aerogels having an amine equilibrium uptake value of 40% had significantly improved CO2 capture capacity up to 2.34 mmole g−1 at 1 bar pressure, 25 °C reaction temperature, and 10 ml/min flow rate. The polymeric aerogel has a very fast adsorption rate, as it can capture 90% of its maximum capacity within just 10 minutes. Then the kinetic data of the CO2 adsorption was modelled and found to best fit on both pseudo-1st and 2nd-order kinetic models, proposing that the adsorption mechanism on aerogel was controlled by surface diffusion and chemisorption. Furthermore, the isotherm data were evaluated and observed to be best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer formation on the aerogel. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the amine impregnated poly (AAm-co-AAc) aerogel was able to preserve the initial capacity without a significant decrease. These findings underscore the immense ability of amine-impregnated poly (AAm-co-AAc) aerogels as highly efficient adsorbents for CO2 capture, thus offering a speedy adsorption process and showing stable regeneration capacity, thereby exhibiting greater industrial application potential.

Photothermally responsive and durable polydopamine-modified MXene-PNIPAM hydrogels for smart friction regulation

In this study, a polydopamine (PDA)-modified MXene-PNIPAM (pMP) hydrogel is prepared using a soap-free emulsion polymerization method, which shows enhanced anti-oxidative, photo-thermal, and tribological properties. The introduction of PDA not only inhibits the oxidation of MXene but also enhances the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the hydrogel. Even after 50 days, it can still maintain good photo-thermal conversion performance. Moreover, compared with PNIPAM hydrogel, the friction coefficient (COF) and wear volume of pMP hydrogel as lubricant were reduced by 33% and 85%, respectively. Interestingly, the control of COF with excellent reversibility and durability is achieved using pMP hydrogel modulated by near-infrared light. The pMP composite hydrogel exhibits promising prospects in the fields of intelligent robots and biomedical devices.

N, O-Doped Walnut-Like Porous Carbon Composite Microspheres Loaded with Fe/Co Nanoparticles for Adjustable Electromagnetic Wave Absorption.

This study addresses the challenge of designing simple and environmentally friendly methods for the preparation of effective electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials with tailored microstructures and multi-component regulation. N, O doped walnut-like porous carbon composite microspheres loaded with FeCo nanoparticles (WPCM/Fe-Co) are synthesized through high-temperature carbonization combined with soap-free emulsion polymerization and hydrothermal methods, avoiding the use of toxic solvents and complex conditions. The incorporation of magnetic components enhances magnetic loss, complementing dielectric loss to optimize EMW attenuation. The unique walnut-like morphology further improves impedance matching. The proportions of Fe and Co components can be adjusted to regulate the material's reflection loss, thickness, and bandwidth, allowing for fine-tuning of absorption performance. At a low filling ratio (16.7%), the optimal WPCM/Fe-Co composites exhibit a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -48.34dB (10.33GHz, 3.0mm) and an overall effective absorbing bandwidth (EAB) covering the entire C bands, X bands, and Ku bands. This work introduces a novel approach to composition regulation and presents a green synthesis method for magnetic carbon composite absorbers with high-performance EMW absorption at low loading.

Development of functionalized polymeric nanomaterial by organosiliconic reagent for boronate affinity-based dopamine recognition

The dopamine neurotransmitter is mainly responsible for endocrine functions in our body. The increase in the level of dopamine in the human body leads to many disorders such as schizophrenia, uncontrollable tics, addiction, increased tension, desire to act excessively, and carelessness. Decreased levels of dopamine cause problems such as malnutrition, stress, insomnia, and the use of antidepressants. Recognition of dopamine is crucial for clinical experiments. Therefore, the development of recognition surfaces of dopamine is essential for isolation, purification, and determination processes. This study, it was aimed to produce a polymeric nanomaterial that can recognize dopamine. For this purpose, p(HEMA) polymer was synthesized with surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method and silanized by organosilicon reagent (3-aminopropyl) triethoxylsilane (APTES) and modified with phenylboronic acid (PBA). Characterization of the p(HEMA)-APTES-PBA nanopolymeric system for dopamine recognition was performed with Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta-size/zeta-potential analysis, surface area calculations. Dopamine affinity of the p(HEMA)-APTES-PBA was optimized in terms of pH, time, concentration, buffer concentration, and buffer type parameters. Dopamine adsorption of p(HEMA)-APTES-PBA nanopolymers was 4,8 times more than epinephrine in specificity analysis. After the 7 adsorption–desorption cycles, the desorption rate was found to be 74.8 %. The developed nanopolymeric system is a convenient method with high adsorption capacity which allows easy and rapid extraction, isolation, and purification of dopamine.

Maintenance-free antifouling polymeric membrane potentiometric sensors based on self-polishing coatings.

Polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have been widely used in environmental monitoring. However, in complicated marine environments, marine biofouling usually becomes a sticky problem for these electrodes. Herein, for the first time, a novel maintenance-free antifouling potentiometric marine sensor based on a self-polishing coating (SPC) is proposed. The SPC is synthesized by using the seeded emulsion polymerization method based on the triisopropylsilyl methacrylate monomer as the regulator of the self-renewal rate. This coating can be simply modified onto the electrode surface by drop-casting. The silyl acrylate side groups of the obtained SPC on the sensor surface can be hydrolyzed in the marine alkaline medium. The shear movement of seawater driven by sea waves, wind, gravity, or vibration removes the leftover (fouled) brittle polymer backbone and thus the fouling marine microorganisms. As a proof-of-concept experiment, a polymeric membrane Ca2+-ISE is chosen as a model. Compared to the unmodified electrode, the SPC-coated Ca2+-ISE exhibits remarkable improved antifouling properties in terms of superior anti-adhesive abilities towards marine microorganisms, such as bacterial cells and algae and excellent long-term stability even in the presence of high levels of marine microorganisms. Since no additional manual maintenance is required for maintaining the antifouling abilities of the sensor, the proposed self-polishing sensor may lay an important foundation for construction of unattended long-term potentiometric monitoring systems in real marine environments.

TEMPERATURE REGULATING POLYESTER SHORT STAPLE RING SPUN YARNS BY PCM NANOCAPSULE APPLICATION

Phase change materials (PCMs) are thermal energy storage materials and therefore they are used for the manufacturing of heat-storage and thermo-regulated textiles. In this study, it was aimed to produce polyester spun yarns with thermo-regulation function via an alternative capsule application method. In the study, PMMA-co-MAA walled nanocapsules were synthesized by emulsion polymerization method and an alternative capsule application method was used to apply PCM nanocapsules into the staple polyester yarn structure during the yarn production process. Ne 30/1 polyester ring spun yarns with knitted twist were produced and some of the PCM nanocapsule and produced yarn properties were analyzed. According to the results, PCM nanocapsules had dimensions around 200-400 nm, uniform size distribution and spherical morphology. They could store approximately 100 j/g heat and had sufficient thermal resistance. With the developed capsule application method, nanocapsules were successfully applied to spun yarn structure and produced polyester yarns exhibited temperature differences in the range of 2-5 °C compared with undoped reference ring spun yarns. The results of the study indicated that this application method could be an alternative to fabricate thermo-regulating fabric surfaces and such integrated yarn materials have demonstrated promising potential for the production of thermoregulating textile material.

Biobased Alkyd Acrylic Hybrid Core Shell Approach

The main objective of this work was to synthesize bio based alkyd-arcylic hybrid emulsion by using core shell approach. Step by step growing polymerization was used for the preparation of the bio-based alkyd resin. Bio-based sebacic acid was used in the synthesis. In the core shell approach; shell part contains acrylic polymer, core part contains bio based alkyd emulsion, which was synthesized by phase inversion. The acrylic shell was synthesized in the presence of the alkyd resin by the emulsion polymerization method.

Antimicrobial Biomaterials via Simultaneous Grafting of Methyl Methacrylate and N‐Vinyl Pyrrolidone onto Chitosan

AbstractChitosan is an antimicrobial biopolymer with significant potential for manufacturing biodegradable and biocompatible materials through further functionalization. These materials could be highly suitable for biomedical applications. In this study, in order to obtain better properties such as antimicrobial activity and adjustable hydrophilicity for biopolymer‐based applications, N‐vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) were simultaneously grafted onto chitosan by a ceric‐initiated emulsion polymerization method. The chemical structure, thermal, morphological, and antimicrobial properties of the resulting materials were investigated. The results revealed that PMMA and PVP pendant groups were grafted onto the chitosan main chain. According to SEM measurements, the obtained materials had spherical shapes with diameters ranging from 250 to 950 nm for the components. In vitro antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria was significantly improved in the obtained materials compared to pristine chitosan.