Deconstruction Method Research Articles

Posmodernisme: Dampak dan Penerapannya pada Studi Islam

This paper concentrates on dialogue with postmodernism and religion while looking at some of the core ideas of postmodernism and the possibility of making it a reading tool for Islam, precisely for the benefit of Islamic studies, in contemporary society with its various implications. With the descriptive-analysis method this paper proves two things. First, that postmodernism as a movement of thought is not in direct contact with Islam. It is a response to the doctrine of modernism and traditional Christian doctrine. His criticism of religion is addressed to European Christians. However, the impact of his dissolution of value doctrine becomes nihilism, has disrupted the theological beliefs of religions, including Islam especially in the case of the spread of atheistic-inclined ideology. Secondly, as a critical philosophy, postmodernism contributes a deconstruction method to dismantle the establishment and the absoluteness of thought. In Islamic studies, the deconstructive approach is widely used by contemporary Islamic thinkers.

The ‘hero archetype’ in the neo-mythological context of contemporary screen culture

The essay examines the image of the hero in the contemporary neo-mythological field of mass screen culture. The author identifies the main features of the hero archetype and the core cultural meanings forming this concept and analyzes images of the neo-mythological heroes of our time, taking examples of mass cinema and authorial cinema and revealing differences between these two categories. According to the author, mass culture creates the hero model according to the principle of bricolage, remaining within the framework of the Christian eschatological paradigm and synthesizing it with scientific and technical progress or other elements but not reproducing the structure of the archaic myth. When the stereotype of happy ending replaces tragedy, it completely changes the true archetype of the hero more characteristic of art-house or authorial cinema. Examining the films of Jim Jarmusch and Alejandro Gonzlez Irritu, the author analyzes the method of deconstruction in authorial cinema, a cinema which seeks to reveal the meanings of the archaic hero archetype. If mass cinema acts within the simulacrum system without transcending its limits endlessly repeating the same models and often using only superficial formal properties authorial cinema tries to explode the structure in such a way as to widen the boundaries of the senses or to discover them under the layers of simulacra. Thus, screen culture has the characteristics of a neo-mythology, forming the neo-myth and developing its elements and structures, producing a stream of neo-mythological images in the media landscape. The conglomerate of various structural elements borrowed from different traditions fully reflects the postmodern situation that turns symbols and archetypes into a set of simulacra. The era of postmodernism is a stage in the development of culture characterized by the problem of the impossibility of creating anything new. Postmodernism is a creative crisis which leads to excessive visuality and, paradoxically, to visualitys death.

Film Assessement “Mereka Bilang Saya Monyet”: A Deconstruction of The Social Order On Female Sexuality

The purpose of this study is written based on a study that explores transcendent meanings contained in the film text, especially regarding the justification of sexual behaviors of women and men. This study applies a postfeminist deconstruction method. The postfeminist deconstruction discourse proves able to discover the contradictions containing in the text of the film.The results show that there is an attempt by the director to reverse the hierarchical structure of the binary opposition through the movie characters. The female characters seen in the film, is shown as the production of a new meaning of sexuality; women reject the status quo of mainstream sexuality, such as active-passive, wild-civilized, bitch-princess, and so on. In this film, women are allowing themselves to be called a monkey, she is wild or bitch - it is a strategy to oppose the system that has been demanding women to be "nice kids", but, it’s just a mask. There is no female pleasure in this film. This film acknowledges that the look of the women remain the same instead, because the irony in this film is blind.

Kajian Film Assessement “Mereka Bilang Saya Monyet”: A Deconstruction of The Social Order On Female Sexuality

The purpose of this study is written based on a study that explores transcendent meanings contained in the film text, especially regarding the justification of sexual behaviors of women and men. This study applies a postfeminist deconstruction method. The postfeminist deconstruction discourse proves able to discover the contradictions containing in the text of the film.The results show that there is an attempt by the director to reverse the hierarchical structure of the binary opposition through the movie characters. The female characters seen in the film, is shown as the production of a new meaning of sexuality; women reject the status quo of mainstream sexuality, such as active-passive, wild-civilized, bitch-princess, and so on. In this film, women are allowing themselves to be called a monkey, she is wild or bitch - it is a strategy to oppose the system that has been demanding women to be "nice kids", but, it’s just a mask. There is no female pleasure in this film. This film acknowledges that the look of the women remain the same instead, because the irony in this film is blind.

Decolonizing Western Christianity for a Genuine Catholicity of Culture

Does Robert Schreiter's proposal for a new catholicity secure a decolonized theology of culture? This essay discusses salient elements of Schreiter's theological proposals and suggests that postcolonial theologies of culture avoid the twin pitfalls of identity politics and erasure in the Western academic study of theology by employing the methods of deconstruction. Identity claims, knowledge claims, and theological claims are to be persistently critiqued for their tendency towards totalization. Only such a practice of deconstruction aiding an active spirituality can secure a decolonized theology of culture.

Methods to improve teaching effciency for students from the People’s Republic of China at technical universities

The purpose of the studyis to develop guidelines for improving the teaching process of students from the People’s Republic of China in Russian technical universities, taking into account the specific aspects of higher education in China and methodology of teaching special disciplines to foreign students in Russia. The urgency of the research is caused by the global trends in the development of higher education: globalization, liberalization and internationalization, the growth of cooperation between the two countries in the field of science and technology, in particular space exploration, which as a result leads to the development of joint programs in the provision of education services. Most scientific articles on teaching foreign students are devoted to general issues of pedagogy and psychology, as well as to the problems of teaching Russian as a foreign language, while the aspects of teaching special technical disciplines to citizens of another country pose certain challenges.Materials and methods of research.The research materials include printed works for which the appropriate methods of analysis of scientific texts are used: ● excerpts from the development programs of space industry and joint educational programs of Russia and China – aspect and diachronic method of analysis of priority areas of development of the higher school of China and promising areas of cooperation; ● the curricula of professional education in various areas and specialties of Bauman Moscow State Technical University – aspect analysis of the general provisions of engineering training programs; ● manuals on the “Basics of Rocket and Space Technology” (BRST) of Russia (USSR) and China – critical, comparative and conceptual analysis of the content features, methods and style of presentation of the material; ● BRST – aspect and phenomenological analysis of the structure and content of a special technical discipline; ● scientific works on pedagogy and psychology – aspect and system analysis of features of the education system, educational behavior and bilingual opportunities of students from China.The paper applied the problem analysis method to tackle the task in the context of publications’ shortage on teaching special technical disciplines to foreigners. Also, the method of deconstruction, axiomatic and descriptive analysis of text textbooks and manuals on pedagogy and psychology is directly utilized to develop guidelines, proposed in the article.Results.Upon the analysis, guidelines to improve the efficiency of the educational process for Chinese students were developed, using teaching based on the printed text in Russian and Chinese, transformation of educational material to another type, and inclusion of nationally oriented content in educational materials. Finally, we proposed original methods of express surveys to establish feedback with students and put forward a conceptual suggestion, that foreign students pursuing technical education should be given the opportunity and conditions for the implementation and development of cognitive abilities using their native language.Conclusion.The developed pedagogical methods allow to adapt the educational material of special technical disciplines taking into account both mental and socio-cultural characteristics of the students from the People’s Republic of China studying in the universities of the Russian Federation.

A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF A TITLE

The article is aimed to consider the title as the main concept of a literary text. The topicality of this work is that the title is an integral part of any work of art and the identification of its conceptual essence is very important, because with the help of the title readers can see the main problem, the idea of the work. In the work comparative, systemic and deconstructive methods are used. For revealing a conceptual essence of the title, a cognitive map is used. This map consists of several stages. Each stage is aimed at identifying new meanings of the concept. As a key proof, the author chose the title of U. Saroyan’s story "Laughter". With the help of this analysis, she found that the contextual meanings of the title are directly opposite to its dictionary meanings. In spite of the fact, that the concept has only positive fixed meanings in the dictionaries but the interaction of the title with actions in the content, gets rather negative emotional meanings.

The Myths of Babad Banyumas in The View of Health, Social and Ecological Wisdom

Babad Banyumas (BU) contains the facts and myths of an event that occurred in the past. BU contains facts about the establishment of the Banyumas region in Central Java and the myths surrounding the stories in it. The facts and interpretations in the BU have been widely studied by academics. On the other hand, the myths in the BU are not studied by academics yet. The myth loses its meaning when faced in this modern era. This study aims to explore the myths in Babad Banyumas. The myth is further interpreted in relation to the field of health, social and ecological wisdom in the current context. Deconstruction and qualitative method with BU text content analysis were used in this research. Data collection was done through observation and interview of some experts. Qualitative data analysis using display data, data reduction and data verification to find common themes were also used as data analysis in this research. The results of the study found that there were four myths in Babad Banyumas, namely cucumber myths, jungle fowl, pendhapa displacement, and myth of having marriage relationship with Dipayuda III. These myths include health, social and ecological wisdom messages.

Intervening in the Acute Phase of Postradiation Carotid Blowout Syndrome.

Introduction Acute carotid blowout syndrome (aCBS) is a severe complication of head and neck cancer (HNC). It can be defined as a rupture of the extracranial carotid arteries, or one of their branches, that causes life-threatening hemorrhage, and which nowadays can be treated with urgent endovascular intervention. Objective We retrospectively evaluate the endovascular management of aCBS and its outcome in years of survival. Methods Retrospectively, we describe our experience with endovascular control of aCBS in patients treated for HNC. We review the characteristics, pathology, endovascular treatment and morbidity and assess the gain in life years. Results Nine individuals were included in this study. Four patients had been previously diagnosed with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), one with paranasal SCC, one with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and three with oral or maxillary adenocarcinoma. All subjects underwent radiotherapy and surgical excision to different extents. Twelve endovascular procedures were performed for injuries to the internal carotid artery ( n = 3; 25%), external carotid artery ( n = 1; 7%) or one of their branches ( n = 8; 67%). Deconstructive methods were used in nine procedures, and three procedures were mainly reconstructive with deployment of covered stents. Total control of bleeding was achieved in all individuals with no intraprocedural complications. Conclusion Endovascular therapy is an effective alternative for the management of exsanguinating CBS. In our series, this palliative therapy increased the overall patient survival by an estimated 9 months.

THE REPRESNTATION OF SUBALTERN IN CHRISTINA LAMB AND MALALA YOUSAFZAI'S MEMOIR "I AM MALALA"

AbstractThe portrait of the condition of the marginal occasionally becomes the theme in the works of some authors, including Malala Yousafzai. This research is an attempt to find out the representation of subaltern as the central issue in Christina lamb and Malala Yousafzai's memoir I Am Malala using Gayatri Spivak subalternity theory. Spivak explained that subaltern refers to people from inferior position or class. The method of deconstruction is conducted to identify hidden texts behind all the hierarchical oppositions in the series of events presented by the author through his work. The dominant structure in memoir is demonstrated through the hierarchical relation between men and women, the Taliban and civil society, as well as government and civil society. Nevertheless, through his memoir, Malala represented that subaltern are also able to voice themselves for their rights to justice, peace, especially education for women. The research eventually revealed that Malala and his father are not in subaltern position but in the position to be heard because of the space that allowed them both to voice or articulate themselves.

Little Russia versus Napoleon in 1812

Referring to epistolary works, memoirs, and political essays of 1812 taken mostly from archives of France and Germany, the author considers the attitude of the population of the five so-called “Little Russian provinces”, i.e. Kyiv, Chernigiv, Novgorod-Siverskyi, Poltava, and Sloboda Ukraine to Napoleon’s invasion. Relying on the method of documentary deconstruction, the author proves the inconsistence of the mythological assertion (which finds some support in Ukrainian historiography) about the presence of pro-French sentiments among the representatives of the clergy, nobility, and peasantry of Little Russia, who allegedly hoped for autonomy or independence. The author pays close attention to the critical reconsideration of textbook examples of the liber­tinism of local elites, such as oaths to Napoleon by the archbishop of Mogilev Varlaam Shishatsky and a toast to the health of the French Emperor by landowner Vasyl Lukashevytch from the government of Poltava which are considered in the broader context of similar sociocultural practices. In addition, the author separately considers the artistic images created in the poetic works of Little Russian nobles, who delibe­rately imitated the language of ordinary people to emphasise the specific character of the interaction (loyal, but at the same time privileged) of the descendants of Cossack officers with the throne. In reality, the attitude of the lower classes towards the war with Napoleon was much more complex. It was based on the social memory of Cossack liberties, the desire to get rid of the landlord’s oppression and administrative regulation. However, the attitude was not realised through sympathy for Napoleon, but, on the contrary, through demonstrative participation in the struggle against the French invasion in the hopes of drawing the attention of a grateful tsar. The absence of social groups, organisations, or even individuals focused on cooperation with France in this ethnically specific region of the Russian Empire was a consequence of the widespread fears of a possible return to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the negative perception of the Western model of social order, and the influence of the religious-conservative factor. The role of the religious factor is shown in the attempt to introduce a new visual source, i.e. an icon from the church of the village of Belozerka depicting the crucifixion of Christ by the French in 1812.

From ‘The Map’ to an Internalized Concept. Developing a Method of Deconstruction as Practice for Reflexive Cartography

John Brian Harley’s canonical paper ‘Deconstructing the map’ (1989) has been one of the main bases of Critical Cartography, Critical GIScience, and reflexive approaches to working with maps and geomedia in geography education. However, reducing deconstruction mainly to reading the map’s margins is only part of the potential that deconstruction offers. In this paper, following Derrida’s approach of deconstruction more closely, we build on the discussion of Harley’s paper and try to develop a deconstructive practice for reflexive cartography in educational contexts.

Thinking Sexual Difference with (and against) Adriana Cavarero: On the Ethics and Politics of Care

This article engages with Adriana Cavarero's framing of sexual difference, specifically in terms of how this displaces “bodies that queer” (Volcano 2013). For Cavarero, the narratable self is inescapably relational and characterized by vulnerability, which is how ethics arises in the form of a decision between caring and wounding. At the same time, Cavarero's deconstructive method of appropriating stereotypes restricts the scope of sexual difference to dimorphism. In examining the implications of this, I build on the work of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler by looking to the intersexed life of Adélaïde Herculine Barbin, whose suicide in 1868 at the age of twenty‐nine was precipitated not through malice or cruelty, but through concerted care. This mode of care is anchored in the apparent self‐evidence of how we see and how we think with and through narratives that sediment in orders of power/knowledge. While agreeing with Cavarero's critique of the autonomous “I,” the article nevertheless argues for authorial audacity—the courage to name oneself—as a way of subverting asymmetrical power relations, including those that make it possible to inadvertently generate suffering through care.

TRANSFORMATION OF HUMAN IMMEDIATES IN POST MODERN CULTURAL PRACTICES

The purpose of the article is to identify the essential features of modern cultural practices as ways of transforming the image of a person in the culture of Postmodern. The methodology is based on paradigm as a meta methodology of cultural knowledge. Structural-functional and phenomenological methods have become leading for the study of this problem. Also involved are methods of semiotic analysis and deconstruction. The scientific novelty of the work is to prove the possibility of conceptualizing anthropological problems in culturology by analyzing cultural practices that can form new human images. This analysis becomes possible on the basis of identifying the role of the image in culture, ways of its transformation in the context of modern cultural practices, including design, fashion, advertising, image making, computer graphics, photo design, and the like. In them, the image becomes a universal sign of information exchange, a way of objectifying meaningful concepts through coding and decoding information. It is proved that the image of a person appears as a synthesized visual code that, through artistic and creative forms and cultural practices, is capable of conveying important ideological and value attitudes of a certain cultural era. Conclusions. In the postmodern culture, new types of reality have been formed – visual, virtual, media reality, and the like. They opened up opportunities for the design and self-design of both man himself and her image, creating new forms of subjectivity. In the cultural practices of postmodern, the transformation of the image of a person occurs through the latest means of communication. As a result, he mediates, becomes interactive, forms around the spectacle, turning into an image-sample, image-image, image-role and the like. Its manifestation takes place in various forms of visual and audiovisual culture, practices of visual arts and computer technologies.

Surrogate formulation methodology for biodiesel based on chemical deconstruction in consideration of molecular structure and engine combustion factors

.Abstract A novel methodology based on chemical deconstruction for the formulation of surrogate fuels for biodiesels was proposed, developed, and validated. Surrogates were formulated using sub-surrogates of methyl palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, and linolenate, which are the major components of biodiesel. Each methyl ester sub-surrogate was constituted by a binary or ternary fuel mixture. To formulate the sub-surrogates, key physical and chemical parameters based on engine spray and combustion were considered with preferential weight functions. To calculate the optimal surrogates, novel weighted Euclidean distance and analytic hierarchy process algorithms were used to accurately determine the components and their proportions. Next, surrogates for biodiesels were assembled from the sub-surrogates according to the component ratios of the target fuels. Using this methodology, surrogates for biodiesels could be formulated regardless of feedstock origin and production region. For example, the surrogate fuel for soybean biodiesel consisted of 62.9% methyl decanoate, 15.0% n-hexadecane, 9.4% methyl trans-3-hexenoate, and 12.7% 1, 4-hexadiene in mole fractions. The process of experimental validation was divided into two steps: first, verifying the sub-surrogates for methyl palmitate, methyl oleate, and methyl linoleate; and second, comparing the quaternary surrogates with real soybean biodiesel. Point-to-point experiments were conducted on three platforms: a heated rapid compression machine, a laminar flow reactor, and an ignition quality tester. More specifically, the rapid compression machine experiments compared the autoignition characteristics, especially the low-temperature reactivity, of the surrogates and the target fuels under constant-volume adiabatic conditions. Laminar flow reactor was used to compare the low-to-intermediate oxidation properties of the surrogates with those of the target fuels, especially the early formation of olefins and carbon dioxide, which is a key characteristic of the combustion of biodiesel. Ignition quality tester was used to ensure that the surrogates had similar ignition and combustion delay times under engine-like conditions. The results of all of these experimental validations showed that the ignition and oxidation properties of the surrogates were consistent with those of their target fuels. In addition, a kinetic model of the quaternary surrogates was proposed and further validated in a laminar flow reactor. In sum, quaternary surrogate fuels were developed using a method based on chemical deconstruction, which was shown through validation experiments to be highly accurately and reliably reproduce the combustion properties of soybean biodiesel. Furthermore, chemical deconstruction method has great potential in surrogate modeling for various biodiesels.

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COMPREHENSION OF HUMAN BEING IN THE CULTUROLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC PARADIGM

The purpose of the work is to substantiate the methodological possibilities of cultural studies as post-non-classical knowledge in the study of anthropological problems, as well as to identify methodological approaches that correspond to the modern strategy of scientific comprehension of man. The methodology of the research is based on paradigm as a meta-methodology of cultural knowledge, the manifestation of which is discursive variability and interdisciplinary integrity. Structural-functional and phenomenological methods have become key ones to the study of this problem. To change the interpretation of stable semantic constants from positions of post-non-classical knowledge, methods of semiotic analysis and deconstruction are involved. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the definition and disclosure of the essence of methodological approaches, that reveal the specificity of human cognition in the context of the culturological scientific paradigm. Conclusions. Culturological comprehension of a person can be carried out from the standpoint of the following approaches - universalist, individualized and activity-oriented. The approaches identified in the research are an effective methodological tool for cultural science. Synthesis of the proposed approaches makes it possible to identify the relationship between the corresponding levels of development of culture and humanity, culture and man of a certain historical epoch, culture and personality.

Dekonstruksi Eksistensialisme Tokoh dalam Novel <em>Divergent</em> Karya Veronica Roth

This study focuses on the study of the deconstruction towards the concept of character’s existentialism in Veronica Roth's Divergent which begins with the propagation of existentialism as a mainstream value in the novel but still raises problems and issues of freedom. Generally, this study has two main problems: (1) how deconstruction works on the existentialism of the characters in the novel, (2) what are the inherent values contained in the novel as a result of the deconstruction study of the concept of character’s existentialism. This study employs the theory and method of deconstruction as a framework of analysis and existentialism as a concept. The result of this study indicates that the existentialism echoed by the author as the primary value is deconstructed into character’s dehumanization who deals with the non-freedom of choice of life.

DECONSTRUCTING MUHAMMAD IBN ABDUL WAHHAB’S TEACHINGS THROUGH JACQUES DERRIDA DECONSTRUCTION THEORY

In the beginning, Islam came to Indonesia peacefully. Islam entered Indonesia through acculturation spesifically in Java in the hands of religious leaders called Wali Songo. Opposite to that way, the Wahhabi‟s teachings who wanted to purify Islamic religion lead by the prophet and his companions period makes Islam in Indonesia become exclusive. The Wahhab‟s teachings which is in contrast of Islam Nusantara creates discomfort among all moslems, in particular, followers of NU, the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia. This is what the writer wants to answer by unloading the exclusive Wahhabism and intolerant thinking using the deconstruction analysis by Derrida. Before that, Foucault analysis of power relation will be used to broaden the language meaning dimension that influences language social system that is the background of Wahhabi‟s teaching. Using the deconstruction method, the researcher will unload hierarchical text elements to find new reading result of the existing text to produce a more tolerant meaning. This research is expected to be thinking contribution in solving religious teachings conflicts that root from reading texts exclusively, and to construct awareness among moslems about discourse of relative truth, especially as a new way of reading the texts with exclusive thinking.

Convergence of Dao with the Apophatism

This study is on the ontological axis of philosophy. Dao and apophatism are two nuclear and irradiant concepts of Eastern and Western thinking. The present study, by their explicative and comprehensive deconstruction, argues in favor of their convergence towards the ineffable philosophical direction and towards the convergence of Western thinking with Oriental thinking.Ideally, this study seeks convergence between Oriental meditation and Western philosophy. The theme of the relationship between the Dao philosopheme in Lao Zi's and Zhuang Zi's conception and Western apophatism is addressed. The research method used is a combination of the comparative method, the deconstruction method and the hermeneutical method. First of all, one of the defining characteristics of the Dao philosopher is ineffablility. Principal and applicative, Dao philosopher focuses on ineffable. Similarly, ineffability is the core, the core of Western apophatism. It is concluded that the philosopher Dao finds his correspondent in Western apophatism, in negative theology.

Интертекстуальность как инструмент моделирования метатекста в творчестве В. Набокова

<p>Предметом исследования в статье является интертекстуальность как художественный прием игровой поэтики русского и американского писателя В. Набокова (1899–1977). Определены эстетические особенности интертекстуальности в творчестве писателя, принципы ее художественного воплощения. Анализируются произведения: «Машенька» (1926), «Король, дама, валет» (1928), «Отчаяние» (1930), «Подвиг» (1932), «Дар» (1937).</p><p>Интертекстуальность выводит произведение литературы из сферы классического искусства в направлении постмодернистской эстетики и позволяет автору пародийно играть разными культурными кодами, отойти от миметической системы в сферу иррационального искусства. В постмодернизме интертекстуальность становится способом деконструкции произведения, моделирования текста по принципу ризомного разветвления. У такого текста отсутствует единый смысловой источник (корень), поэтому читатель, чтобы получить удовольствие от прочитанного, должен находить интертекстуальные источники. Вовлеченный в интертекстуальную игру художественный текст лишается серьезности, присущей серьезному искусству, и превращается в артефакт, делается театрализованно-зрелищным и комическим.</p><p>Интертекстуальность не только реконструирует произведение, но и переводит его в статус пародии — мениппеи с целью унижения и искажения классического канона. Поэтому нельзя говорить, что Набоков использует цитацию для диалога с русской литературой. Прием интертекстуальности позволяет Набокову создавать тексты-мозаики, в которых парадоксальным образом сосуществуют художественные коды разных произведений, что позволяет ему расширить коммуникативную связь между писателем и читателем, выводя текст из сферы элитарного искусства в направлении игровой избыточности как способ борьбы с приемами реализма.</p>