Critical Discourse Analysis Method Research Articles

Current Trends in Critical Discourse Analyses of Textbooks: A Look at Selected Literature

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) has increasingly served to examine the content of textbooks. Given momentum by critical social inquiry pertaining to textbook content, this study looks at peer-reviewed literature drawn from three scholarly databases (JSTOR, ERIC, and SAGE; cross-referenced with searches on Google Scholar) that use critical discourse analysis for those investigations. Reviewing the selected literature, this study asks: What are the most represented approaches of CDA used for examining textbooks? What contextual themes appear to draw the most attention? In what fields of study are the examined textbooks situated? How do these emergent themes appear to be connected? What areas of research appear lacking in the collected literature? The findings illustrate that, while the methods of CDA and types of textbooks examined are diverse, the lion’s share of contextual attention and critical utility appear to be given to foundational approaches to CDA and textbooks used for English language teaching. Further research directions on textbooks from a CDA perspective are discussed.

The Discourse of Propaganda: Case Studies from the Persian Gulf War and the War on Terror

The Discourse of Propaganda: Case Studies from the Persian Gulf War and the War on Terror

TheroleofnewspaperspublishedinNorthSumatraduringIndonesia's independence struggle between 1916-1925: A discourse analysis.

Background:In the history of Indonesian independence, newspapers not only functioned as a medium of informationbut also as a tool for the struggle for independence.This is because of the role of newspapers in bringing out the spirit of nationalism and the concept of "nation" to the Indonesian people through various writings and reports in each edition. This study aims to describethe form of Indonesia's struggle for independence in newspapers published in North Sumatra in 1916-1925. Methods:This research usesthecritical discourse analysis method.The research data are in the form of texts published in thirteen indigenous newspapers published in North Sumatra in 1916-1925.Data analysis used three structures of Teun A. van Dijk's discourse analysis model, namely: macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure. Results:From 1910-1925 there were24indigenous newspapers published in North Sumatra.Of these,therewere13newspapers demanding Indonesian independence: SoearaDjawa,PewartaDeli,BenihMerdeka,PerempoeanBergerak,SoearaBondjol,Sinar Zaman,OrgaanBatakscheStudiefonds,Andalas,Mandailing,Warta Timur,AlMoektabas,TjerminKaro,SoearaBatak.Thesenewspapers published articles that fought for Indonesian independencebydemanding Indonesian independence openly, criticizing various policies of the Dutch Colonial Government, and building awareness of Indonesian nationalism. Conclusion:The role of newspapers in the struggle for Indonesian independence in North Sumatra in 1916-1925 can be seen from thefindings of51articles demanding Indonesia's independence from Dutch colonialism, criticizing the policies of the Dutch colonial government, and building the spirit of nationalismto encouragethe Indonesian people to fight for their independence.

Learners’ reading between the signs in the English second language classroom

Background: In South Africa, developing criticality among learners is essential for their careers in school and outside school. However, knowledge and understanding of critical literacy within the schooling context is unclear, with only patchy guidance available for teachers.Objectives: An intervention project was set up to discover how community signs could be used as a pedagogical tool for teaching learners to be critical readers. The focus of the study was teaching English second language learners to use language as an instrument for creative and critical thinking.Method: In this ‘study within a study’, the learners’ role has been elevated to that of researchers. As ‘researchers’, the learners collected community signs from around their township and conducted interviews with community members. They analysed the signs and interview transcripts using Fairclough’s method of critical discourse analysis. The social semantic theory was used to anchor this study.Results: The first attempt at being critical readers was the categorisation of data. Three categories that formed broad themes were observed. The learners’ responses gave insight into their own ‘processes’ of reception and processes of production of the signs. The results suggest learners developing an ability to read signs as instantiations of township discourses.Conclusion: Teaching critical literacy awareness can be achieved when teachers use texts drawn from familiar contexts. The study contributes to knowledge on how unconventional texts can be used in the classroom to develop criticality among learners.

Framing Land Governance Issues in Indigenous and Settler Media within Canada

This comparative study examines how the framing of Indigenous land governance issues—such as resource extraction activities on Indigenous territory and treaty negotiation—in Indigenous media differs from that in corporate news. Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis were applied to 66 news texts published in 2018 in large corporate newspapers, such as the National Post, and small Indigenous news outlets, such as Eagle Feather News. Researchers found that Indigenous media connected land governance issues to contemporary issues, such as racism and control over child welfare, as well as historical colonialism and Indigenous-Settler relations, while corporate news generally excluded any discussion of these contextual factors. While the main news frame in the Indigenous press was Indigenous people were not consulted, the dominant frame in corporate news was Indigenous peoples have already been adequately consulted. Corporate news discourse valorized Indigenous traditional territory solely based on its presumed “economic value.” By contrast, Indigenous publications offered a counternarrative, one that positioned land and the rest of the natural environment as something that has absolute value, and as indivisible from all living things, including people.

Discursive worldview of convergent radio: The aspects of axiological modeling

The article describes the linguistic and communicative effects of convergent radio, which combines technological and sociocultural features of the Internet and analogue broadcasting. The article is focused on the discursive realization specifics of technological and sociocultural phenomenon — convergent radio. The process combining different media platforms has provoked the interest of linguists in the way of implementing linguistic and communicative structures within the boundaries of discursive media practice. This study addresses the thesis on the status of information constructed in social network discourse in the process of communicative interaction of users. The possibility of self-expression and formation of the addressee`s identity indicates a change in his role as a passive subject (the recipient of information). The user of a radio network resource becomes an active subject of discourse and creates its semantic space. The discourse of convergent radio offers the subject a greater degree of freedom in resource management and communication, but at the same time determines the nature of these actions, realizing their goals and strategies. The method of qualitative critical discourse analysis, aimed at identifying ways of organizing dialogic interaction and mechanisms for managing the speech activity of subjects of communication, makes it possible to identify the specifics of value modeling within the boundaries of discursive media practice. This work deepens the problem of axiological modeling of media pictures of the world, which are considered not only in the aspect of images broadcast by the authors of media texts, but also from the point of view of those meanings that are formed in the processes of communicative interaction of addressees. The allocation of the dynamic, activity aspect of the formation of the media worldview presupposes the consideration as a key unit of analysis of communication fragments of the addressees-users.

The influence of print and online media on spreading the transphobia in Serbia

The increased visibility of transgender people in the past decade has been accompanied by an increase in the level of institutional and general social transphobia in Serbia. The mass media, through which the population of Serbia is mostly informed about transgender people and transgender issues in general, have a significant role in spreading and encouraging transphobia. Texts in print and online media are usually the only source of information about transgender people that reaches the citizens of Serbia. Most of these texts contain offensive, outdated and inadequate terminology. The texts report in a sensationalist manner and do not address transphobia as a serious social problem that transgender people face on a daily basis. In this article, I will deal with the representation of transgender people in Serbian print and online media, as well as the impact of media reporting on the spread of transphobia in Serbia. All texts dealing with the transgender issues and transgender people were collected by searching the digital archive of media texts for 2021 with the help of key words and tags. The collected material is analyzed using the media content analysis method and the critical discourse analysis method. The aim of this research is to determine how print and online media represent transgender people in Serbia and to what extent they influence the creation of prejudices, stereotypes and negative attitudes about transgender people.

The Environmentalist and Development Value Paradox in Bangladesh: Case of Rampal Power Plant and the ‘Save Sundarbans’ Movement

From the past decade, Bangladesh has shown a strong drive toward economic growth and in the process of achieving the related goal of becoming a middle-income country, it has adopted a power system plan that is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. As a result, there was a certain plan to build several coal powered plants, among which the most debated remains the plant initiated near the largest mangrove forest in the country, the Sundarbans. This power plant, called the Rampal power plant, has seen the emergence of a strong urban environmental movement resisting it. The anti-Rampal or ‘Save Sundarbans’ movement showcases the environment versus development discourses elaborately, with each side- the government and the environmental activists advancing their respective arguments supporting or opposing the plant under construction. This paper attempts to view these arguments through the lens of value theories, i.e. what are the values of either parties regarding the power plant and how they uphold these values. In a related vain, the environmentalist approach(s) of the movement are analyzed, as well as the development centered values of the state are analyzed within the energy/power sector context. Methods of critical discourse analysis were applied to analyze the public debate that ensued regarding the power plant.

Critical Discourse Analysis of Gender Construction on Islamic History Content in the Islamic Religious Education Textbook for Junior High School

Schools are one of the most effective places to make humans free from all forms of oppression. Unfortunately, the textbooks used in schools contain a lot of gender inequality. This study aims to understand how the content of Islamic History in the Islamic Education textbook constructs gender which has implications for gender-based injustice. This study uses a qualitative approach with the method of critical discourse analysis by Norman Fairclough’s model. The primary data source used was all Islamic Education subject matters contained on the Islamic Education textbook at the Middle School level published by the Ministry of Education and Culture. The data collection technique used is the documentation technique with an in-depth reading mechanism. The findings reveal that there are four gender constructs contained in the Islamic History content, namely: (1) applying the patriarchal culture, (2) placing men as the main character, (3) prioritizing men existence and his roles, and (4) marginalizing the existence and role of women.

EPISTEMOLOGI FILSAFAT ISLAM DAN MASALAH KEMUNDURAN PERADABAN ISLAM

Reading Islamic history and civilization and contemporary conditions affected by irrational religious narratives, the decline of Muslim society, conflicts, and violence prove that the decline and backwardness of civilization are still continuing in Islamic world. Various formula are offered to revive Islamic civilization. However, instead of compiling a formula with a strong scientific foundation, the response has been increasingly ideological and political from time to time. At the same time, unfortunately, the Muslim community used heretics and prohibitions to purge Islam’s only scientific and rational heritage, philosophy, from the stage of civilization. Through an interdisciplinary approach and critical discourse analysis methods utilizing empirical and literature to reveal the urgency of philosophy as an important tradition related to advance quality of civilization, this research findings important results are; First, Islamic philosophy deals with the creation of scientific and humanist culture which becomes basis progress of civilization. Second, after forbidden by Sunni orthodox which made political alliences with rulers, Islamic philosophy lost its influence, and gradually Islamic civilization declined. Third, decline that continue to this day is the result of the position of Islamic philosophy which has not been sufficiently revitalized in Muslim societies.

Address to the Nation as a Genre of Military-Political Discourse

The political rhetoric prevailing in democratic countries does not allow an open demonstration of commitment to military means of conflict resolution and, therefore, naturally gives rise to a special type of discourse, the linguistic and extralinguistic contexts of which are determined by the goal of initiating a war. This study aims to analyze the components of military-political discourse, as well as the ways they are implemented in the texts and the role they play in manipulating public opinion. The authors defines military-political discourse as the discourse of political elites accompanying various stages of military operations and developed to substantiate the need for their initiation based on the fundamental values of a particular society. The relevance of this study is determined both by the increased interest in military conflicts in modern society and by the insufficient study of military-political discourse in general. Address to the nation is one of the main genres of military-political discourse. The novelty of the research is determined by the authors approach to the analysis and interpretation of military-political discourse. The original texts of the addresses to the nation by B. Obama and D. Trump dedicated to the US military operations in Syria are used as the research material. The choice of these texts is due to their significant role in the coverage of the US Syrian campaign. Describing military-political discourse requires the use of a number of methods, namely descriptive and comparative methods, dictionary definitions and contextual analyses, as well as the method of critical discourse analysis. The authors established that, regardless of the administration in power, address to the nation as a genre of military-political discourse implies a certain scenario based on the following scheme: greeting - address to the nation agenda - description of US actions - description of violence (accusations) - description of the US role in the world - reference to previous military campaigns - call to action. The authors comes to the conclusion that each of these components plays a substantial role in the structure of military-political discourse and is realized through a certain set of discursive means that do not depend on the political preferences of a speaker.

Awaken Spirit Life by Sharing Life Struggles: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Muniba Mazari’s Speech

The Critical Discourse Analysis is often applied to analyze public speech such as motivation speech, in which the speaker to interest, motivate and give an inspirational response fromthe audience. This study presents a critical discourse analysis of Muniba Mazari’s speech (limited to one speech about her life struggle in her own words at TEDx) to reveal the concept of empowering women by sharing life’s struggles in the socio-cultural context of Pakistan. based on Critical Discourse Analysis Theory and Systematic Functional Linguistics, analyze Muniba Mazari’s motivational speech fromthe point of view of the language used to inspire listeners, word choice, and expression (body language) in her speech while sharing her life struggles. This study uses a critical discourse analysis method, the linguistic elements used to inspire listeners through the choice of words, and expressions (body language) by Muniba Mazari in his speech when sharing his life struggles to awaken the spirit of life. The result shows In a speech the researcher found that the speaker took pauses in speaking, the rhythm was slow, steady and several times made deliberate pauses during speaking, besides that the researcher also found repetition and emphasis on words that were considered important and the speaker told stories of his life struggles.

Representation of Female Footballers in Interviews on PSSI TV: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Sports is inseparable from gender inequality and is attached to masculine image even though nowadays the two things are fading, particularly, in the realm of football. In Indonesia, female footballers are increasingly starting to exist not only on the field but also in the media, one of which is on the PSSI TV YouTube channel which shows videos of exclusive interviews with female footballers. This study examines how female footballers are represented in the video interview. Using the Sara Mills’ Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) method, it is known that female footballers who are the interviewees are positioned as both the subject and object of narrating and being narrated. Meanwhile, the representation of female footballers which is reflected emphasizes on two things, namely the ones who uphold gender equality and professionalism. The interviewees also make use mediation with a dominantly showing portion in media and several cultural codes to represent themselves. Keywords: sports; football;, female footballer; critical discourse analysis

Religious Dynamics in Mass Media: A Study on Popular Articles in Kompas and Republika Newspapers

This paper examines the religious dynamics image in contemporary Indonesia was presented by the printed mass media. Using van Dijk's critical discourse analysis method, and the hierarchy of influence media content of Pamela Shoemaker and Stephen Reese, this paper examines the content of popular articles in the Kompas and Republika for the period 2013-2017. These two print media were chosen because they are two different ideological poles. Kompas was born from Catholic activists and supported by several military officers. Meanwhile, Republika was founded by Islamic activists with government support. The themes of popular articles in both media revolve around issues of the state and democracy, political dynamics and Islamic parties, and spirituality. The religious discourse contest at Kompas and Republika was filled with Muslim scholars and leaders of Islamic mass organizations. Kompas does not provide enough space for new writers so that its popular articles are filled by monotonous scholars. On the other hand, Republika has promoted many new writers. However, Republika also features internal writers. Popular articles from Kompas and Republika put forward a moderate religious face. However, Republika seems to emphasize the Islamic side more, while Kompas appears to be more inclusive.

Политизация социально значимых тем в рекламных коммуникациях

The key objective of the study is to identify strategies for politicizing socio-economic issues in political advertising communications. The method of critical discourse analysis in the tradition of N. Fairclough is used: an interpretive, explanatory method involving the study of discourses as forms of social practice. The result of the study was the identification of the main politicization strategies used by candidates for the post of President of the Russian Federation in 2012 V.V. Zhirinovsky and G.A. Zyuganov in advertising communications: the use of oppositions ("before - now"; "past - present - future"); appeal to the past, to the history of the country; symbolization of the current socio-economic situation of the country; distancing the subject of communication from the unsatisfactory results of the current government; the use of humor (including unconsciously); identification of their lifestyle with the lifestyle of voters – "millions of people"; the use of informal discourse when addressing voters; appeal to their economic and everyday practices; imitation of journalistic format; linking changes in the socio-economic situation with changes in the political sphere. The use of discursive practices that are not shared by the entire population can also provoke the politicization of the issue under discussion. The theoretical significance of the research is manifested in the approbation of the method of critical discourse analysis (in the tradition of N. Ferklo). It allows you to analyze political advertising communications at three levels: textual, discursive and social.

Indonesian Media Framing of Reportage on the Crimean Peninsula Crisis

This research investigates how one of the mainstream media in Indonesia frames Russia in its reportage. One of the selected cases is the 2014 Crimean Peninsula crisis. The Crimean Peninsula Crisis was a major international event that reported comprehensively by Kompas. This research will reveal Kompas’ bias in its reportage on Crimea and the factors that underlie the bias. In investigating the issue, this research uses Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. It follows Fairclough method of critical discourse analysis by using text as a discourse. It is found that as one of the mainstream media in Indonesia, Kompas reportage is not neutral as it depicts Russia through a negative frame. Analysis on semiotic factors, intertextuality, and how the media bias could be handled are the focuses of this research.

ANALISIS POSTER KAMPANYE LEGISLATIF PARTAI RASAMBLEMENT NATIONAL DI PERANCIS TAHUN 2017

Radical right populism is a phenomena that happens in almost every part of Europe, including France. In France, Rassamblement National Party (RN) which used to be called Front National Party (FN) steps up their campaign rhetoric using the anti-refugee agenda to mobilize their voters. Using the concept of Right Wing Populism and Critical Discourse Analysis Method, this paper seeks to analyse whether or not the campaign narrative of Rassamblement National Party meets the characters of Radical Right Populist party. This Paper uses a number of posters as a media to reveal their characteristics of Radical Right Populist Party. This paper argues that even if the use of poster is still one of the most dominant campaign media in France, the party’s characters as a radical right populist party are not being well portrayed in their campaign posters.

A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF USTADZ KHALID BASALAMAH’S LECTURE FRAGMENT ON YOUTUBE ABOUT “DURHAKA KEPADA ORANG TUA KARENA ISTRI”

<p><em>Religious lecture nowadays can be found not only by joining Tablighi Jamaat in the mosque but also by searching the desired religious lecture theme on Youtube which is delivered by desired ustadz. Even though sometimes the content of the lectures found on Youtube are not in their fully version. But still, the messages still can be received. The theme about wife as the cause of disobedient to parents still become a crucial and popular theme to be delivered by ustadz nowadays. This phenomenon can be related to the nature of woman as a wife that mostly found difficulty adapting to their spouse family because her nature to be dominantly self-controlled by feelings. This study aims to critically analysis the discourse of Ustadz Khalid Basalamah Lecture fragment found in Youtube about wife as the cause of disobedient to parents. This study was conducted by analyzing three aspects of Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis Method, namely textual analysis (microstructural analysis), discursive practice analysis (mesostructural analysis), and socio-cultural analysis (macrostructural analysis). The study found that the discourse are (1) using forbidding words repeteadly to show reinforcement of the messages, (2) distributing messages delivered by Ustadz Khalid Basalamah who is believed in having ‘power’ to deliver religious lecture to moeslim as the consumer by his way that is by persuading the audience to think logically, (3) having an important messages to be delivered in building a harmonious family and so harmonious future society</em>.</p>

Brahma Wangsa Tatwa Text Structure in Critical Discourse Analysis Perspective

As a text that holds Hindu religious values, the text Br?hma Wang?a Tatwa is unique. This text is written by utilizing linguistic elements which confer the practice of power over public awareness. The focus of this research is on the text structure used to raise the Br?hma Wang?a Tatwa text. This research was conducted by applying the principles of van Dijk's critical discourse analysis and qualitative descriptive methods and literature studies. The results of the study exposed that the macrostructure of the text bears the theme kawang?an. In the superstructure analysis, the text is constructed inter-textually by linking various other texts with topics, such as the birth of the wang?a Br?hma?a and K?atria as the opening part; inter-wangsa marriage, etiquette for priests and inter-wangsa ethics as the content part; and colophon concerning the identity of the text and the author as the closing part. The study of microstructure reveals that the text semantically holds the meaning of respect for the Br?hma?a and K?atria. The study of syntactic revealed that the use of various conjunctions plays a primary role in the inter-textual course. In terms of sentence pattern, it is identified that interrogative sentences are used to emphasize the status of each wang?a. The stylistic study of the text reveals that there is the use of a particular lexicon to highlight the status of each wang?a. The rhetorical study of the text exposes that there is the usage of figurative language which is also used to emphasize the status of wang?a Br?hma?a. Based on the structure description, Br?hma Wang?a Tatwa text contains the ideology of Br?hma?a wang?a uttama, which highlights the peculiarity of responsibility in behavior.

The Deconstruction of the Femininity of the Main Character in Andrea Hirata's Ayah Novel: Throwing the Shackles of Community Conventions

This study aims to uncover the femininity contained in the novel Ayah by Andrea Hirata with the female main character Marlena and the male main character Sabari. This research is a qualitative descriptive research using critical discourse analysis method. The data source is the novel Ayah by Andrea Hirata published in Bentang 2017. The technique of collecting data is by reading and recording on a data card. The data collection instrument is the human instrument or the researcher himself using a postmodern feminism approach. In analyzing the data, it was carried out in three stages, namely (1) word reduction; (2) data presentation; and (3) drawing conclusions. The results of deconstruction of femininity show that there are six forms of deconstruction of femininity in Andrea Hirata's novel Ayah , namely: feminine image, feminine desire, beauty, feminine habits, feminine work, and feminine principles. Femininity in the novel Ayah is owned and practiced by the female main character and the male main character who have strengths and weaknesses. Through the deconstruction of postmodern femininity, Andrea Hirata is able to present the main character as the subject of the construction of femininity who tries to free himself from the shackles of society's conventions.