Family Planning Methods Research Articles

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Long-Acting and Permanent Methods (LAPMs) of Family Planning Among Women of Reproductive Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To examine the prevalence and associated factors of long-acting and permanent methods of family planning (LAPMs) in women of reproductive age. LAPMs reduce the rate of unwanted pregnancy. Understanding the prevalence and associated factors of LAPMs is the key to preventing unwanted pregnancies. In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, data from seven studies involving 1187 women, conducted between 2013 and 2022, were analysed by searching EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed in this study. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Evaluation tools were used to evaluate the quality of the studies. The prevalence of LAPMs in women of reproductive age was 27.3%. Women with secondary education or higher, with three or more children, and who do not want to have more children use long-acting and permanent methods more. Our results can guide the development of strategies to be applied to prevent unintended pregnancies and to increase the use of LAPMs in women of reproductive age.

Effect of a Health Educational Intervention on Family Planning Methods among Childbearing in the West African Region: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Family planning services need to be available to all individuals who are of reproductive age. This study determined the effect of health education on knowledge of Family planning (FP) and perceptions (susceptibility, barriers, seriousness and benefits) of FP methods. A quantitative approach of quasi-experimental design was adopted, for the study. Data were collected again using validated questionnaires from both groups after the intervention and three months follow-up for the intervention groups and after three months for the control groups. Data were analyzed with the aid of IBM SPSS version 23. There was no significant difference between intervention and control groups concerning the baseline variables. Post-intervention showed that the FP knowledge changed significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Findings regarding the effect on perceived susceptibility suggested that the participant in the intervention group reported a positive perceived susceptibility to pregnancy (without FP usage) compared to the control group at three months following the intervention (89.2%). The present study findings indicate that FP education intervention designed based on the theory of health belief model is effective in improving knowledge and perceived susceptibility of FP.

Health and Social Problems of Refugee Women and Their Children: A Qualitative Case Study.

We intend to examine the health and social problems of refugee women and their children in this research. A qualitative case study. We conducted this study between December 2022 and January 2023 with 19 refugee women aged 18-49 years. We used the snowball sampling method for data collection, and individual in-depth interviews were conducted. We completely transcribed the interviews and then main themes and sub-themes were created. To ensure reliability, two independent external coders were asked to code the themes and sub-themes, and Kappa analysis was performed according to the results. We found the Kappa analysis value as 0.87. After the analysis of the study data, we conducted the thematic content analysis on the Nvivo 10 software. We emerged the main themes following the qualitative data analysis were (1) experiences during migration, (2) communication while receiving health services, (3) childhood immunization status, (4) deciding to have a child, (5) deciding on the number of children, (6) use of family planning methods, and (7) the person with priority in the family. This research indicated that childhood immunization in refugee children was inadequate, refugee women did not know about family planning methods, and even if they did, they did not use these methods because they wanted to have many children.

Exploring the Reasons for Dropouts of Injectable Contraceptive in Burdwan Municipal area, West Bengal, India: Beneficiaries’ and Service Providers’ Perspectives

Abstract Introduction: The inclusion of the Injectable Contraceptive, Antara Programme into family planning services signals a shift in the nation’s perspective and helps recipients achieve their goals for reproductive health. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), marketed as Antara injection is considered a highly effective, long-acting reversible contraceptive, but it has limited acceptability. Hence the study was done to explore the reasons for dropouts of injection Antara from the perspective of beneficiaries and service providers in Antara clinics of Burdwan Municipal area of Purba-Bardhaman district, West-Bengal. Methodology: A descriptive type of qualitative research was conducted from February to July 2023 through in-depth interviews (IDIs) of 40 beneficiaries and focus group discussion (FGD) among 10 ANMs-Auxiliary Nurse Midwives. Data collection was done by audio recording of each IDI, FGD, and as well as by taking notes after achieving consent. Finally, inductive thematic analysis was carried out. Results: The reasons for dropouts of Antara injections among beneficiaries were found to be side effects (irregular bleeding, abdominal pain), lack of awareness, and familial barriers. Additionally, the significant challenge of recalling and visiting the clinic again for repeated injections was also recognized as a hindrance to sustained usage. Service providers cited stockouts, procurement issues, and lack of training and counseling as reasons for discontinuation. Both beneficiaries and service providers cited sociocultural factors, and lack of knowledge as a barrier to consistent use of Antara injections. Conclusions: The current study has shed some insight into the factors for the dropouts of Antara as a method of family planning. The study’s findings are anticipated to be applied in formulating regulations that will increase compliance with Antara and make the program more acceptable and consumer-friendly.

Why women refuse Postpartum IUCD?

ABSTRACT Background: Women are highly motivated and receptive to accepting family planning methods during the antenatal period. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the refusal rate and reasons for the refusal of postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (PPIUCD). Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, at a tertiary Care Centre, on 400 antenatal women from November 2023 for 2 months. Results: In present study, 331 (82.8%) subjects were knowing condom as contraceptive, followed by 310 (77.5%) subjects knowing about copper T. 282 (70.5%) subjects were knowing tubectomy, 264 (68.5%) were knowing oral contraceptives, 264 (66%) were knowing vasectomy, 205 (51.2%) were knowing natural methods, 179 (44.8%) were knowing injectable contraceptive, 83 (20.8%) were knowing Saheli, and 27 (6.8%) subjects were not knowing any contraceptive method. In total, 185 (46.5%) subjects knew that Copper T could be inserted immediately after delivery followed by 83 (20.9%) who knew that copper T could be inserted after menses. Sixty-nine (17.3%) knew that copper T could be inserted during a cesarean section. A total of 352 (88%) subjects refused postpartum copper T as a method of contraception. Only 48 (12%) subjects were willing to insert postpartum copper T. After counseling, the rate of acceptance of copper T insertion increased from 48 (12%) to 102 (25.5%). Conclusion: Knowledge of PPIUCD in the present study was good, but the refusal rate was high. The commonest reason was fear of side effects.

Male Readiness for Contraception and its Determinants: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To identify the socio-economic determinants for male readiness for contraception and predictors of contraceptive prevalence among the male population. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Family Planning Clinic at a Tertiary Care hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2020 to Feb 2021. Methodology: A total of 328 participants, recruited through purposive sampling and assessed through a semi-structured validated questionnaire regarding male readiness for contraception. Mean and SD was calculated for the quantitative variable while frequency distribution for the qualitative variables. Chi-square test was used to measure association, and regression analysis was done to analyze the most significant predictor of male contraceptive behavior. Results: A total of 328 male participants were included in the study, out of which 177(53.9%) had never used any family planning method whereas 155(43.9%) had used contraception at some point in their life. Knowledge about female contraceptives, social network participation regarding family planning methods, and knowledge about male contraceptives methods were statistically significant predictors of male contraceptive practices (p&lt;0.001), whereas other determinants including media exposure regarding family planning and decision regarding the number of children were insignificant predictors of male contraceptive behavior. Conclusion: We found that majority of males had never used contraceptives. Lower level of literacy rate, lack of spousal communication regarding family, and failure of electronic and social media to play its role in awareness regarding family planning are important factors contributing to low contraceptive prevalence rate in Pakistan.

Determinants of Abortion Behavior of the Population of Russian Regions

Induced abortion remains among main methods of birth control. This method, called "abortive (abortion) behavior", is one of the reasons for the low birth rate in Russia in the late 20th century and the first quarter of the 20th century. The relevance of this study is due to the need, firstly, to constantly focus public discourse on abortive behavior as a threat to Russia's demographic security and, secondly, to search for reserves for Russia's demographic development in the context of a decrease in the number of women of reproductive age. This article, written by an economist, is devoted to the determinants of the abortion rate in Russia and its regions. To econometrically test the author's assumptions about the determinants from official statistics, a panel of 82 regions for 2000-2022 was formed. Some determinants turned out to be non-stationary. To test the idea of a long-term, equilibrium relationship between the non-stationary abortion rate (the number of abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–49) and non-stationary determinants, a cointegration analysis was used. The result is a cointegrating equation for the abortion rate, which showed that conservatives, if not catalysts, of the abortion rate were the growth in the share of the population with less than a college education and (to a lesser extent) the growth in the incidence of major disease classes, while the inhibitor was the growth in total living space per capita. Among the determinants selected by the author, there are stationary ones. Having transformed the abortion rate into a stationary variable by taking the first difference, the author regressed it on these determinants to identify the short-term relationship between them. Per capita consumer spending had the greatest short-term effect. As it increased, the abortion rate decreased. Per capita cash income, the volume of paid services to the population, the share of the population with cash income below the poverty line and the share of alcohol in consumer spending turned out to be stimulators of abortion behavior in the short term.

Knowledge Attitude And Practices About Family Planning Methods Among Postpartum Mothers And Challenges Faced By The Service Providers At A Tertiary Care Hospital- A Mixed Method Study

Abstract: Background: According to the fifth National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), only 66.7% of married women were using family planning methods. In addition, there are numerous obstacles faced by the family planning unit service providers in making beneficiaries utilize these services. Objectives: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices about family planning methods among postpartum mothers. To explore the challenges faced by the service providers of family planning unit. Methodology: Study design: Facility-based mixed method study Quantitative part: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the postpartum ward of KGH, Visakhapatnam among 156 mothers by convenient sampling technique using a pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule. Qualitative part: The service providers of family planning unit of KGH, Visakhapatnam were interviewed using an in-depth interview guide. Results: The Knowledge and Practices regarding family planning methods among postpartum mothers is 81.4% &amp; 48.7% respectively, the most common reason for non-usage being want for children. Service providers faced challenges related to counselling, service, and infrastructure in the health care facility. Conclusion: This study emphasizes that knowledge regarding family planning methods need not necessarily result in their usage.

Relationship between knowledge about contraception and sexual practices among nursing students at UNIANDES, Tulcán campus

The promotion and awareness of the need for the use of contraceptive methods among students is essential for various reasons that impact both individual health and the well-being of the community in general. This research aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge about contraception and the sexual practices of students, examining the barriers and facilitators that affect their use. The research consisted of a descriptive cross-sectional study of 180 nursing students at UNIANDES, Tulcán campus. The survey was used as a tool and the questionnaire, made up of closed, multiple-choice structured questions, was used as an information collection instrument. The study of the use of contraceptive methods among students reveals a complex interaction of factors that influence decision-making about sexual and reproductive health. Through the findings obtained, it has been shown that although there is general knowledge about the availability of contraceptives, this knowledge does not always translate into their effective and responsible use. In the observed sample, it was identified that the emergency pill is used inappropriately, which constitutes a risky behavior for reproductive health. It is necessary that health, educational, family and society institutions get involved in strategies to foster, promote and prevent sexual and reproductive health in order to guarantee adequate and timely access to family planning methods and sexual education for the adolescent and young adult population

Challenging PPIUCD Removal: A Case of Hysteroscopic Extraction from the Uterine Fundus

Intrauterine contraceptive devices offer reliable and reversible contraception. However, there are still challenges that persist in their management, particularly regarding deeply embedded PPIUCDs (Post-Partum Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices). We present a case study of a 30-year-old woman who had two caesarean deliveries and sought PPIUCD removal to plan a future pregnancy. On speculum evaluation, the threads of the device were undetectable with no abnormal health symptoms. Subsequent ultrasound analysis confirmed the presence of PPIUCD, positioned obliquely within the uterine cavity. The first removal attempt under aseptic precautions with an IUCD hook was unsuccessful. The second attempt was guided by ultrasound and hysteroscopy, which successfully eliminated the IUCD. The case highlights the intricate challenges in managing PPIUCDs and emphasizes the importance of proactive management strategies. By integrating advanced techniques like hysteroscopy, healthcare providers can navigate these challenges effectively, enhancing patient care and satisfaction. Intrauterine contraceptive devices have become a reliable and convenient method of birth control due to their high effectiveness and reversibility. Long-acting contraceptives provide reliable and lasting protection against unintended pregnancy, making them a popular choice for individuals looking for a hassle-free contraception method. The PPIUCD technique involves implanting an IUCD within 48 hours following either vaginal delivery or caesarean surgery to block sperm survival and prevent endometrial foreign body reactions.[1] The acceptability rate for PPIUCD implantation is 36.25%.[2] The placement of the PPIUCD is preferable since it does not interfere with breastfeeding.[3] The prevalence of modern contraceptives among married women who have reached reproductive age has gradually increased globally, rising from 55.0% in 2000 to 57.1% in 2019.[4] According to the recent India National Family Health Survey, the contraception prevalence rate among currently married women under 15 to 49 increased from 54% in 2015-16 to 67% in 2019-21. Intrauterine devices comprise only 2.1% of all contraceptive techniques used in family planning. However, all government facilities offer free IUCD services.[5] Complications like bleeding, pain, infection, perforation, and expulsion contribute to 20–40% discontinuation rates.[6] Younger women using IUDs are more likely to experience adverse effects than older women.[7] The limited progress was attributed to factors such as the low quality of services offered, restricted access, and misconceptions about techniques held by providers and users. Despite their effectiveness, IUDs can lead to potential complications. One such issue is the occurrence of lost or embedded IUDs, which are rarely observed, with approximately 1-2 cases per 1000 insertions.[8] This case report illustrates the difficulties encountered in removing embedded IUDs and underscores the significance of exploring alternative techniques to manage challenging cases safely and effectively.

Improving Access to Contraception Careat a Local Nonprofit Clinic: A Quality Improvement Project.

One Midwest, non-profit clinic aimed to increase access to contraceptive services by improving their care delivery process through the implementation of a population-specific, contraception education program. The program included patient education, timely follow-up appointments, and free contraception. In this quality improvement project, a total of twenty-two mostly Spanish-speaking women signed up for a group education session that lasted thirty minutes and was offered monthly. The session was led by a female, bilingual provider and focused on contraception benefits, side effects, and common myths. After the session, the clinic offered same-day initiation of contraception for oral contraceptives, Depo-Provera injections, and Nexplanon implants. In this clinic, offering the class in conjunction with immediate initiation of the chosen birth control method decreased the average time to care delivery, showing a positive impact on access to these essential services.

Evaluation of uterocervical angle in intrauterine device displacement cases.

Intrauterine device is one of the most preferred birth control method in the world. Being able to predict that the intrauterine device will not dislocate is very important in terms of preventing unwanted pregnancies. Here, we evaluated the role of uterocervical angle in displacement of intrauterine device and to determine whether it has a discriminative role for displacement. This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted at an obstetrics and gynecology clinic of a university-affiliated training and research hospital. A total of 108 patients between June 2021 and September 2021 were included. While 36 patients in the case group had intrauterine device displacement, 72 patients in the control group had normal intracavitary intrauterine device detected under transvaginal ultrasound. Demographic characteristics, parameters related to intrauterine device and uterus were recorded. Uterocervical angle was measured in all the patients. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of sociodemographic features, parameters related to uterus size and intrauterine device. The median uterocervical angle was significantly higher in intrauterine device displacement group as compared to controls [159.5 (90-177) vs 146 (118-169) degrees, p < 0.001)]. Uterocervical angle > 156 degree discriminates intrauterine device displacement with 66.67% sensitivity and 80.56% specificity (AUC = 0.763). A larger uterocervical angle may suggest an increased likelihood of intrauterine device displacement. Thus, uterocervical angle seems to have a potential to play a crucial role in the monitoring and management of intrauterine device users even in patients with similar sized uterus.

Role for a video tool in educating youth with epilepsy about anticonvulsant and contraceptive drug interactions

PurposeAnti-seizure medications (ASM) can lower the efficacy of hormonal birth control (BC), while estrogen-containing BC can increase ASM metabolism, altering seizure frequency. Despite these adverse interactions, many youth with epilepsy demonstrate inadequate knowledge about this topic. Thus, there is a need to develop tools that empower youth with epilepsy to make more informed contraceptive decisions. This study assesses the use of a video-based educational tool to raise awareness of BC and ASM interactions in this population. MethodsWe created a video that gives an overview of possible interactions between certain BC methods and ASMs, mainly increased risk of pregnancy and change in seizure frequency. The video was shown to female patients aged 12 and older with epilepsy in a child neurology clinic and followed by a discussion with their treating neurologist. Fifteen patients completed two surveys that collected demographics, ASM regimen, BC history, and assessed exposure to and understanding of the subject matter before and after viewing the educational tool using 11-point Likert scales. We received seven responses from provider opinion surveys that were administered after the visit to assess the practicality of the video tool in teaching patients about their medication interactions. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and one-tailed paired t-tests (α = 0.05). ResultsPatients ranged from ages 16 to 24, with 46.7 % being in the 16 to 18 year-old range, 26.7 % in the 19 to 21 year-old range, and 26.7 % in the 22 to 24 year-old range. The median age was 19. 33 % of the patients reported having used BC, with 27 % reporting current interest in using BC. 33 % of patients were taking ASM that could reduce BC efficacy, and 27 % were on ASM with efficacy that can be reduced by BC. While 80 % of patients endorsed having previously discussed BC and ASM interactions with a doctor, patients rated their knowledge of the subject pre-video as moderately low with high interest in learning more about the topic. Patients’ understanding of how BC and ASM interactions can increase risk of pregnancy showed a significant increase post-video. Patients also indicated a high likelihood that they would think of the video when choosing a BC method and that they are more likely to start a discussion with their doctor about BC and ASM interactions because of the video. Treating neurologists showed high agreement that the video is useful in teaching their patients about BC and ASM interactions. ConclusionYouth with epilepsy deserve engaging resources that empower them to make informed decisions about BC. Despite most of our patients having had prior education about BC and ASM interactions, our results support the need for educational tools beyond patient-provider discussion and the efficacy of video as a tool to enhance understanding of this topic. The tool also showed potential to influence future patient decision making regarding BC and to empower patients to take an active role in discussing BC with their doctor. Our findings support a role for educational videos as an effective way to teach youth with epilepsy about reproductive health concerns and to promote active participation in decision making.

Assessment of Married Men Involvement in Family Planning Practices: A Qualitative Study of Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria

The non-accommodation of men in the family planning programs has been identified as one of the contributory factors for the low utilization of FP methods in this male-dominated society like Nigeria. Male involvement can lead to uptake in acceptance and prevalence rate of family planning methods and practices in Nigeria.This paper aimed to study the involvement of married men in the family planning practices in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria. The primary data were collected from 250 married informants who satisfied the eligibility criteria and were assessed througha self-administered questionnaire and selected from the sample population across 11 political wards in the Akure South Local government area using a multi-stage random sampling technique. The secondary data were generated from government publications, journals, newspapers, and relevant internet materials. The presentation and analyses of data were done using descriptive statistics (frequency table, percentage and numbers). The study’s findings revealed that married men’s knowledge about family planning practices is high while exhibiting low involvement in FP and low utilization of the FP methods. However, the number of children, socio-cultural beliefs, financial status, education and religion are discovered to be among conditional factors that influence contraceptive use among married partners. The study therefore recommended increased health promotion and education of family planningprogrammes among the residents and involvement of men as a target in all FP programmes and introduction of family planning services in National Health Insurance Scheme in order to reduce associated misconceptions about contraceptives methods and increase the usage.

Effect of health education on knowledge, perception, and intended contraceptive use for family planning among university students in Pakistan

Approximately one billion women require family planning services worldwide, 842 million women are currently using modern contraceptives, and 80 million are using traditional contraceptive methods for family planning (FP). Health literacy (HL) can significantly make women aware of contraceptives for family planning. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of health education in determining perceptions and intended contraceptive use among university students in Pakistan. A pre-and post-approach with cross-sectional study design was conducted in the public sector University of Islamabad from July to December 2022. A self-administered and structured questionnaire comprising variables on knowledge level and intended contraceptive use was conducted among randomly selected students (n = 396). Survey respondents were given Health Education Intervention (HEI), which included a lecture regarding contraception use for family planning, and a posttest assessment was conducted on the same group of students. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24 was used for statistical data analysis. An Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Health Services Academy (HSA) approved this study. A majority, 217 (55%), were female respondents. There was a significant difference in the overall mean score between pretest and posttest assessments after the intervention. Hence, the findings proved that this intervention successfully improved the knowledge and intention of the participants to use FP. Moreover, after the HEI, 99% of respondents had improved knowledge about family planning methods and the benefits of contraceptive use. Knowledge, perceived benefits, and intended use of contraceptives for FP were significantly improved after the HEI (P < 0.05). In the posttest, the most learned methods were intrauterine devices, injections, implants, and withdrawal. Most of the participants were already well aware of condoms and oral pills. The study concludes that health education is an effective intervention to improve the knowledge, perception, and intended contraceptive use among undergraduate university students regarding family planning.

Postpartum modern family planning among women living with HIV attending care at health facilities in Busia County, Kenya

BackgroundFor women living with the human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV), preventing untimed pregnancies during the postpartum period reduces vertical transmission and improves other maternal and child health outcomes. In Kenya, Busia County’s HIV prevalence and mother-to-child transmission rate are higher than the national average yet uptake of postpartum family planning (PPFP) is generally low. This study examined health system factors influencing the consistent use of PP modern FP methods among WLHIV in Busia County.MethodsA retrospective study involving 314 WLHIV with children aged 12–24 months who were chosen using systematic random sampling was conducted from February to March 2024 from outpatient clinics in Busia County. Additionally, 14 health providers were purposively sampled as key informants. Quantitative data was collected using a pretested questionnaire, while qualitative data was gathered through key informant interview guides. Quantitative data was analyzed using STATA 15 with descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and Chi-square tests, while a deductive thematic analysis was used for qualitative data.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 32.06 (± 6.00) with the majority (51.27) aged between 25 and 34 years, married (74.84%) and unemployed (77.39%). Overall, 73.25% had used postpartum (PP) modern family planning (FP) methods, but only 52.55% reported consistent use throughout the first year postpartum. The only factors found to increase the odds of PPFP use were being married (aOR 3.34, 95% CI 1.58–7.07, p = 0.002), being escorted by a preferred person during seeking maternal and child health services (aOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.36–3.83, p = 0.002), and perceiving that they were provided information on all types of FP (aOR 2.33, 95% CI 1.19–4.16, p = 0.012). Persistent stock-outs and inadequate counseling hindered consistent PPFP use.ConclusionThe study identified gaps in the consistent use of PP modern FP methods among WLHIV in Busia County, influenced by the availability of FP information and health system factors. Addressing stock-outs and improving counseling during clinic visits and pregnancy are crucial for improving FP service delivery and reducing maternal and child health risks in high HIV-incidence areas like Busia County.

Bridging disparity in knowledge and utilization of contraceptive methods among married couples in the pastoralist community of Fentale District, Eastern Ethiopia.

Despite progress in national reproductive health, pastoralist regions, including the Fentale District in Eastern Ethiopia, face challenges with limited contraceptive coverage due to gaps in understanding and adoption among couples. This cross-sectional study of 1496 couples in Fentale District, Eastern Ethiopia, from October 1 to December 25, 2021, utilized multistage sampling. Data entered into EPI Data underwent analysis with SPSS (v23.0) and STATA (v14.0), employing descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and binary logistic regression to identify predictors of contraceptive knowledge. Of the 1496 couples, 93.8% (1404) participated in the survey. Significant educational disparities were observed, with 53.8% having no formal education, particularly among women (65.2%). Despite this, 80.2% of couples were aware of at least one family planning (FP) method, and 78.6% knew modern methods. The median knowledge of contraception methods was 3 for both genders. Men showed higher awareness of male (43.2%) and female condoms (17.4%) compared to women (31.8% and 6.0%). Overall, 27.4% of couples used contraception, with a significant gender difference: 41.2% of women and 13.5% of men. Modern contraceptives were used by 18.2% of couples, predominantly by women (34.8%). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated positive associations between contraceptive knowledge and education, bank account ownership, occupation, proximity to healthcare, and media exposure, while a nomadic-pastoralist lifestyle and specific treatment preferences showed negative associations. The limited knowledge and utilization of family planning in the Fentale District stem from gaps in comprehension and disparities among couples. Factors influencing this situation include socio-demographic considerations, such as variations based on education, occupation, media exposure, bank account ownership, treatment preferences, and distance from healthcare facilities. This ensures that the interventions are having the desired effect and allows for adjustments as needed to promote family planning uptake.

Permanent contraception in the childfree population: An exploratory study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the childfree population seeking permanent contraception, identify barriers to receiving care, and characterize the incidence of regret. Study designWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of people in the United States, aged 18 years and older, without biological children, and who are seeking or have previously sought a permanent contraception procedure. Participants completed an online REDCap survey distributed over social media platforms, including Reddit, TikTok, and Facebook. ResultsA total of 400 respondents completed the survey, of whom 151 (38%) underwent a permanent contraception procedure, 44 (11%) had found a doctor to perform a procedure but not yet undergone it, 32 (8%) had been unable to find a doctor to do the procedure, 83 (21%) were seeking a doctor, and 90 (22%) had not yet sought a doctor.Respondents were predominantly White (88%), identified as women (83%), and were diverse in sexual orientation (heterosexual 42%, bisexual 41%). Reasons for seeking permanent contraception included not wanting children (96%), fear of pregnancy/childbirth (70%), the current state of the world (68%), environmental reasons (59%), and medical reasons (32%). Barriers to care included cost of the procedure (30%) and inability to find a doctor who would perform the procedure (42%).Of the 151 respondents who had undergone a permanent contraception procedure, 70 (46%) asked more than one doctor for the procedure. Of those with permanent contraception, 97% answered “yes” to “Do you think sterilization as a permanent method of birth control was a good choice for you?” ConclusionsChildfree individuals have a variety of reasons for seeking sterilization and may be at a lower risk of regret than reported in the literature for parous people with permanent contraception. ImplicationsClinicians should be aware of the barriers to permanent contraception for patients who do not desire to have children. Providing patient-centered, individualized care to patients seeking permanent contraception can ensure that patients do not face unnecessary barriers to care and feel heard and empowered to enact their reproductive preferences.

Quality of family planning counseling and associated factors among reproductive age women who are current contraceptive users at Dessie town health facilities east Amhara, 2023

BackgroundThe role of counseling in Family Planning is to care a woman in navigating the process of choosing a contraceptive method that will allow her to fulfill her family planning goals and exercise her reproductive health rights. The effectiveness and appropriateness of family planning counselling play a crucial role in a client’s decision-making process regarding contraception. The decision for a client to use contraception with effectively and properly it should be ultimately achieved the quality of family planning counclling.The aim of this research is to assess quality of family planning counseling and associated factors among reproductive age women at Dessie town health facilities, east Amhara, Ethiopia, and 2023.MethodsA facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2022- January 30, 2023. Study subjects were selected by using systematic random sampling method. Data was be collected by exit interview of the women and analyzed by SPSS version 26. Bivariable and Multi variable logistic regression were executed to identify associated factors with quality of family planning counseling and the P- Value <0.05 on Multi variable analysis was considered as significantly associated with the dependent variable.ResultThe proportion of women receiving good quality family planning counselling in this study was 36.5%. Contraceptive source [AOR=2.03, 95%CI (1.09, 3.75)], Contraceptive currently used [AOR=0.43, 95%CI (0.26, 0.73)], separate room for family planning counseling [AOR=3.38, 95%CI (1.09, 3.75)] and availability of all methods [AOR=3.10, 95%CI (1.85, 5.21)]were significantly associated with quality of family planning counselling.ConclusionThe proportion of women obtaining good quality FP counseling in this study low. Type of contraceptives currently used, source of contraceptives, separate room for providing family planning counseling and availability of all methods of family planning in the facility are significantly associated with quality of family planning counseling. Therefore, all health profession could be given proper counseling to increase the quality of family planning.

The Thematic Analysis of Barriers to Immediate Post-Partum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception.

Globally, many women express the desire to avoid immediate pregnancy for 24 months postdelivery, and only forty percent use contraceptives during this period. There is an enormous demand for postpartum family planning, particularly in developing countries with low- or middle-income grades. Postpartum intrauterine devices such as long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are among the most effective methods of family planning in the immediate postpartum period, yet their effectiveness is hindered because of a lack of availability and training. Strategies to increase access to LARCs are essential. Hence, the purpose of the current study is to determine the barriers among healthcare providers in providing immediate postpartum family planning services. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at SIMS, a tertiary care teaching hospital, from January to March 2024. Approximately 293 healthcare providers who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were provided an online questionnaire in the form of a Google Forms link, which included a structured questionnaire focusing on various aspects, including demographics, knowledge, practices, and barriers in their practice. The data collected were analysed through SPSS version 26, which employs chi-square tests and Pearson's correlation to determine any significant associations among them. Based on the key statistical outcomes and the significant correlations observed related to the data, a thematic analysis through SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) was conducted. The study adhered to the method outlined by Braun and Clarke (2006) and compiled with the COREQ (consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research) checklist to uphold methodological integrity. Among the participants, 92.4% provided family planning counselling after childbirth, predominantly during the antenatal period (75.1%), and the provision of immediate postnatal family planning was reported in 76.1% of the participants, with PPIUDs identified as the most utilized method by 52.6%. Various barriers were identified, including insufficient training on Implanon (33.4%) and the PPIUCD (12.6%), the unavailability of implants (59.0%), and a lack of interest among patients (46.1%). Statistically significant associations were observed between the practice setting and knowledge of postpartum family planning (p = 0.002), as well as deficiencies in training for the PPIUCD (p < 0.001). The study highlights the place of practice and the practitioners' experience as significant strengths in offering immediate postpartum contraception and referring patients for family planning. However, qualification was identified as a limiting factor for practicing immediate postpartum family planning. This study revealed significant difficulty in delivering prompt postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), underscoring the necessity of improved education and training for professionals. Focusing on these challenges is important in enhancing postpartum family planning acceptance and decreasing unfulfilled requirements in resource-limited settings.