Processing Methods Research Articles

Hazardous High-Energy Seismic Event Discrimination Method Based on Region Division and Identification of Main Impact Factors: A Case Study

An investigation of risk factors has been identified as a crucial aspect of the routine management of rockburst. However, the identification methods for principal impact factors and the examination of the relationship between seismic energy and other source parameters have not been extensively explored to conduct dynamic risk management. This study aims to quantify impact risk factors and discriminate hazardous high-energy seismic events. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) are utilized to ascertain the primary control factors based on geotechnical data and nearly two months of seismic data from a longwall panel. Furthermore, the distribution law and correlation relationship among seismic source parameters are systematically analyzed. Results show that the effect of coal depth, coal seam thickness, coal dip, and mining speed covers the entire mining process, while the fault is only prominent in localized areas. There are varying degrees of log-positive correlations between seismic energy and other source parameters, and this positive correlation is more pronounced for hazardous high-energy seismic events. Utilizing the linear logarithmic relationship between seismic energy and other source parameters, along with the impact weights of dynamic risks, the comprehensive energy index for evaluating high-energy seismic events is proposed. The comprehensive energy index identification method proves to be more accurate by comparing with the high-energy seismic events based on energy criteria. The limitations and improvements of this method are also synthesized to obtaining a wide range of applications.

Digital Transformation Techniques for Manuscripts

The world is witnessing continuous technological developments that have an impact on societies and institutions. Therefore, all countries seek to keep pace with these developments and introduce them into various fields. Digital transformation has become one of the most important necessities that all institutions must adopt today, as digital transformation is capable of creating a competitive technological environment to achieve the highest levels of quality at the lowest costs. Manuscripts are of interest to many scholars and researchers due to their scientific and artistic value. Preserving them means preserving national identity, especially with the emergence of technology. It has become imperative to preserve manuscripts from damage and loss and make them available to the largest number of beneficiaries. In the past, Arabs were among the most important peoples who contributed to the preservation of manuscripts. One of the most important challenges facing modern society is managing, preserving, and retrieving information from the vast amount of paper documents and files that are increasing daily. By using technology, the time taken to search for the required document or distribute documents to the relevant parties leads to a significant increase in the productivity of the institution. Information technology and electronic communication systems have revolutionized traditional methods of processing, preserving, and exchanging information. The presence of advanced technologies provides us with ease and accuracy in accessing information. Archiving as a general concept relies on storing and classifying papers in a way that makes it easy to refer back to them when needed. With the advent of computers, the process has become easier, providing more flexibility and ease in retrieval, as well as reducing the costs of preservation and storage. This technology has a direct impact on the archival profession, as archivists have turned to electronic means and imaging storage systems, as well as audiovisual methods, in an attempt to solve the storage and preservation problem. Modern digital technology affects all areas of life due to the integrated scientific environment it provides. All societies have begun to transition towards the digital age because of its remarkable development in information and communication technology. Keywords: Information, Manuscript, Technology, Scanning, Digitization

It's time for artificial intelligence governance

Advances in Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence have transformed society with the potential to foster the prosperity of human beings and improving societal welfare. However, at the same time, there are concerns about their potential negative impact. In this regard, it is of utmost importance to establish a regulatory framework for the Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things that will ensure that human rights and fundamental freedoms are respected, promoted, and protected.In this sense, the goal of this article is to propose the Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things Governance model. To achieve a better regulation concept, for the Regulatory Impact Assessment we used the Analytical Hierarchy Process method.

Swelling of Sealing Assembles Parts Manufactured from Composite Materials

One of the advantages of plastics over metals and other materials is that there are very simple and inexpensive ways to make products from them. It is known that there are more than 100 methods for manufacturing plastic products. The use of these methods depends on the configuration of the product being manufactured, the technical conditions required of it, its purpose and economic efficiency. Although there are more than 100 processing methods, the most common of them are mainly extrusion in the production of large-sized products, including pipes, sheet materials, webs, various profiles, rods, as well as in the production of medium-sized products. and small parts in terms of quantity, casting pressure and pressing methods. Based on economic indicators, the optimal method for preparing any composite materials should be taken into account and grouped in advance. The development of new technological methods for manufacturing parts and products from polymers and their compositions is of great importance.

A Positioning Alarm System for Explosive Impact Debris Protective Suit Based on an Accelerometer Array.

Protection suits are vital for firefighters' safety. Traditional protection suits physically protect firemen from burns, but cannot locate the position of bodily injuries caused by impact debris. Herein, we present a wearable impact debris positioning system for firefighter protection suits based on an accelerometer array. Wearable piezoelectric accelerometers are distributed regularly on the suit to detect the vibration on different body parts, which is conducive to determining the position of injured body parts. In addition, the injured parts can be displayed on a dummy body model on the upper computer with a higher localization accuracy of 4 cm. The positioning alarm system has a rapid response time of 0.11 ms, attributed to the smart signal processing method. This work provides a reliable and smart method for locating and assessing the position of bodily injuries caused by impact debris, which is significant because it enables fire commanders to rescue injured firefighters in time.

Review of Natural Language Processing Methods for Automatically Generating Test Tasks

Review of Natural Language Processing Methods for Automatically Generating Test Tasks

Determinants of Unemployment: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia

Indonesia faces the challenge of a rapidly increasing labor force that is not proportional to the number of jobs available, resulting in unemployment. This study examines the effect of economic growth, inflation, and minimum wage on unemployment in 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2018 to 2022. This research uses secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia. The data processing method uses panel data regression with the Fixed Effect model. The results of the analysis show that economic growth and inflation have a negative and significant relationship with unemployment in Indonesia. In contrast, the provincial minimum wage has a positive and significant relationship with unemployment in Indonesia.

The Synthesis of Integrative Sustainable Capability to Indonesian Sustainable Eco-print Fashion

With a focus on small businesses that are oriented towards sustainable fashion in the Eco-print business, this research focuses on forming a synthesis of Integrative Sustainable Capability variables which are derived from a systematic process through the derivation process of Resources Based Theory and Strategic Orientation. The synthesis of Strategic Resources in the theory of Resources Based and Strategic Orientation leads to the construction of a new concept, namely Integrative Sustainable Capability as a competency to integrate environmental and social considerations to strategically acquire, combine and deploy the resources in business operations and cooperation included in knowledge management to generate performance values. The structured idea process method is used to synthesize novelty constructed in the Integrative Sustainable Capability. The Integrative Sustainable Capability is used as a mediator in the relationship between Knowledge Management Capabilities and Entrepreneurial Performance in the context of Eco-print small businesses. The conceptual model was formed by linking these three variables of Knowledge Management and Entrepreneurial Performance with Integrative Sustainable Capability as a mediation derived from the synthesis of novelty process in the context of Eco-print small business.

EFFECT OF TOMATO POMACE ON SENSORY AND TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF RAW-COOKED MEAT PRODUCT

In the meat industry, there is a growing interest in the use of innovative processing methods, reformulated products, and the replacement of synthetic ingredients with natural bioactive compounds. Replacing synthetic antioxidants with natural antioxidants is a challenging process, but it can bring positive results. Our current research focuses on sensory and textural properties of raw-cooked meat product (frankfurters), which we observed on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days of storage. We incorporated extract from tomato pomace into frankfurters as natural antioxidants. We used two concentrations of extract (3 mL.kg-1 and 5 mL.kg-1), the control with the addition of ascorbic acid and negative control. Sensory quality of meat product is one of the most important indicators that can influence the consumer. In the taste parameter, the best rated groups were Con-C and TCP-2. Furthermore, the addition of tomato pomace extract does not cause a significant change in the consistency of the meat products. After textural analysis, no statistically significant differences were observed between individual samples in any of the evaluated parameters.

Experimental Investigation of Film Thickness in Wastewater Airlift Pumps by an Image Processing Method

The airlift pump is a key part of wastewater treatment and is employed as an innovative and feasible collection tool. However, as one of the key factors in the lifting capability of airlift pumps, film thickness in the gas–liquid two-phase flow operating in pumps is still an unknown topic because it is difficult to measure. This paper proposes a visualization method for measuring film thickness and investigates the film thickness when operating under gas flow with a high rate in airlift pumps using experiments. Firstly, a simulation experiment platform was built, and the images of the film structure were acquired by a high-speed camera. Then, image-processing technology and an image distortion correction were proposed to extract the gas–liquid interface for studying the thickness of the film. The experimental results demonstrated that a large film thickness ranging from 0.15 D to 0.24 D was found in airlift pumps and that its film thickness kept a constant value, even under a high gas superficial velocity, maintaining a large output liquid flow from airlift pumps. As wastewater was carried by wastewater treatment, a larger film thickness of the annular film will benefit the high lifting rate of wastewater. The works in this paper offer valuable insights for the higher performance of working airlift pumps and wastewater treatment efficiency.

De‐Intercalation of Iodoplumbate(DMSO)x Complex for Uniaxially Oriented Halide Perovskite Thin‐Film Solar Cells

AbstractOrganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a viable alternative for next‐generation photovoltaic systems. The significance of reproducibly processing perovskite with less defects comes from the fact that imperfections have a major impact on the solar cell's performance and long‐term stability. Although it is well known that cautious precursor processing has a significant influence on perovskite defect generation, there haven't been extensive investigations on the serial associations between precursor processing, perovskite orientation, and defect generation in PSCs. Making use of a unique precursor chemistry treatment technique that facilitates uniaxially oriented perovskite growth, it is aimed to mitigate defects of sequentially spin‐coated perovskite. Through the temperature‐dependent configurational entropic effect on coordination between iodoplumbate and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), a DMSO de‐intercalation processing method is developed. This method enables the induction of uniaxially‐oriented α‐FA0.9MA0.1PbI3‐xBrx (FA: formamidnium, MA: methylammomnium, x < 0.13) perovskite growth parallel to substrates. As a result, this processing delivered significant advances in power conversion efficiency (24.02%) and ambient operational stability under light. This straightforward technique provides a accesible process for producing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells, enabling uniaxially oriented perovskite fabrication without complicated procedures or additional substances.

An Approach to Improve Specimen Processing for the Flexural Strength Testing of Zirconia.

Measuring the flexural strength of restorative materials such as zirconia is crucial for providing proper indications for clinical applications and predicting performance. Great variations in specimen preparation for flexural strength measurements exist among laboratories. The aim was to evaluate how the processing method, surface treatment, and test method of the specimens affect the flexural strength of zirconia. Zirconia specimens (VITA YZ HT) (n = 270) were processed using CAD/CAM or were conventionally milled with three different surface treatments (machined, ground, polished) and were measured with three-point bending (non-chamfered/chamfered) or biaxial flexural strength test. Weibull statistics were conducted. The mean flexural strength values ranged from 612 MPa (conventional, machined, three-point bending non-chamfered) to 1143 MPa (CAD/CAM, polished, biaxial flexural strength). The highest reliability is achieved when specimens are prepared using thoroughly controllable processing with CAD/CAM and subsequently polished. Higher strength values are achieved with the biaxial flexural strength test method because the stress concentration in relation to the effective volume is smaller. Polishing reduces surface microcracks and therefore increases the strength values.

Acoustic characterization of the NASA Langley 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel using single-microphone analysis techniques

An experimental campaign was carried out to assess recent acoustic modifications to the NASA Langley Research Center 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel. This effort was undertaken in preparation for future rotorcraft, Advanced Air Mobility, and airframe noise acoustic tests. The tunnel is a closed circuit and typically operates in an open-jet configuration for acoustic studies. A vertical linear array of microphones and a phased array were placed on traverses outside of the core flow. Pole-mounted acoustic sources with known waveforms were used to identify sources of reflection under static conditions. A similar process was replicated with more compact sources in an aerodynamic fairing for flow speeds up to Mach 0.16. This allowed for acoustic characterizations of the test section core flow and bounding shear layer. Periodic averaging was investigated as a method for isolating acoustic sources and was shown to be capable of isolating periodic acoustic signals even for poor signal-to-noise ratio conditions. Benefits and limitations of single-microphone processing methods are identified. A companion paper utilizes a phased array in an effort to address the identified limitations to more traditional single-microphone data collection.

Assessment of Solid Waste Management and Decarbonization Strategies

Global population growth, industrialization, and urbanization have led to a dramatic increase in solid waste (SW) generation, which is considered a main environmental pollutant via greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and soil and groundwater contamination. This creates serious problems for the region and the world at large. Currently, about 2 billion tons of SW are generated globally every year, of which 67% is processed by various treatment technologies, while 33% is freely released into the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to significantly reduce GHG emissions from global SW production for the maximization of climate benefits and to halt the continued rise in temperature. Fortunately, this can be attained with the use of existing SW processing methods and improved performance. Through a comprehensive literature review, this research evaluates the effectiveness of various SW approaches, including source reduction, recycling, and energy recovery. Additionally, this study examines the potential of emerging technologies and their integration and innovative solutions to enhance solid waste management (SWM) systems and promote decarbonization. The findings highlight the significant environmental and economic benefits of implementing integrated SWM strategies that prioritize waste prevention, material recovery, and energy generation from waste. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement, policy interventions, and public awareness campaigns in fostering sustainable waste management practices. By adopting a holistic approach that considers the entire waste management lifecycle, this review provides valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers, waste management authorities, and communities to achieve sustainable waste management and contribute to global decarbonization efforts.

Global Optimization and Quantitative Assessment of Large-Scale Renewables-Based Hydrogen System Considering Various Transportation Modes and Multi-Field Hydrogen Loads

In the past, hydrogen was mostly produced from fossil fuels, causing a certain degree of energy and environmental problems. With the development of low-carbon energy systems, renewable energy hydrogen production technology has developed rapidly and become one of the focuses of research in recent years. However, the existing work is still limited by small-scale hydrogen production systems, and there is a lack of comprehensive research on the whole production-storage-transportation-utilization hydrogen system (PSTUH2S), especially on the modeling of different hydrogen transportation modes and various hydrogen loads in different fields. To make up for these deficiencies, the specific physical and mathematical models of the PSTUH2S are firstly described in this paper, with a full account of large-scale water-electrolytic hydrogen production from renewable power curtailment and grid power, various hydrogen storage and transportation modes, and multi-field hydrogen consumption paths. Furthermore, to achieve the maximum economic, energy, and environmental benefits from the PSTUH2S, a multi-objective nonlinear optimization model is also presented herein and then solved by the hybrid method combining the nonlinear processing method, the CPLEX solver and the piecewise time series production simulation method. Lastly, case studies are conducted against the background of a region in northwest China, where hydrogen consumption capacity in various years is accurately assessed and the potential advantages of the PSTUH2S are demonstrated. As the simulation results show, the power curtailment of renewable energy generation can be reduced by 3.61/11.87/14.72 billion kW·h in 2025/2030/2035, respectively, thus contributing to a 4.98%~10.09% increase in the renewable energy consumption rate and millions of tons of carbon emission reduction in these years. In terms of the total equivalent economic benefits, the proposed method is able to bring about a cost saving of USD 190.44 million, USD 634.66 million, and USD 865.87 million for 2025, 2030, and 2035, respectively.

Perancangan Strategi Perusahaan Berdasarkan Rasio Finansial pada PT Fajar Surya Wisesa Tbk Sebelum dan Sesudah Munculnya Covid-19

This study aims to design strategic recommendations based on financial ratios at PT Fajar Surya Wisesa Tbk before and after Covid-19. This research is motivated by a decline in global paper demand and production as well as a decline in the value of stock prices in the manufacturing sector. Particularly at PT Fajar Surya Wisesa Tbk. In this study, data was collected using the financial reports and stock prices of PT Fajar Surya Wisesa Tbk 12 quarters before the emergence of Covid-19 (April 2017–March 2020) and 12 quarters after the emergence of Covid-19 (April 2020 – March 2023). The data processing method used is the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The results of the Wilcoxon signed ranks test in the form of 9 financial ratio variables found a significant difference between the values before and after Covid-19. Meanwhile, for the 6 other financial ratio variables and stock prices, there is no significant difference between the values before and after Covid-19. After that, strategic recommendations are given based on test results, and a mapping is carried out on the Strengths and Weaknesses quadrants to get recommendations for strategies that are suitable for the company. In this study the authors provide recommendations on strategies that can be implemented by companies to improve financial performance.

Genetic resources of the genus Prunus L. and their role in stone fruit breeding

Stone fruits such as apricot, cherry plum, cherry, peach, plum, and sweet cherry are highly popular in the Russian Federation. They are cultivated in the industrial gardens of large agricultural producers, as well as the plantings on farms and household plots. The fruits of these species can be consumed fresh for a considerable period of time. The application of some processing methods (cooling, freezing, and storage in a special atmosphere) significantly extends this period. Stone fruits are also suitable for producing a wide variety of processed products. The biochemical composition of fruits determines their high energy value and dietary properties. The representatives of the genus Prunus L. exhibit great genetic diversity. Due to their high polymorphy, they cover a large area. In regions with favorable weather and climatic growth conditions, stone fruits constitute the main industrial varieties. High requirements for industrial varieties determine the relevance of breeding improvement of available varieties. Representatives of the genus Prunus are characterized by a long juvenile period, different ploidy of species, high incompatibility, as well as heterozygosity for a large number of traits with a comparatively small number of identified genes. This fact significantly complicates genetic studies. The assortment of stone fruit crops in central Russia was renewed in several main directions. Most varieties were created through intervarietal crosses within a species. The current breeding work is aimed at creating new stone fruit species, as well as at improving the existing assortment. Along with the crossing of geographically distant varieties within a species, distant hybridization is one of the promising directions. In this way, new cultivated species were created, e.g., Russian plum (P. rossica Erem.), which is widely used in plantings. Such varieties are characterized by an attractive appearance, large size, pleasant aroma, and great flavor of fruits, as well as resistance to frost and rotting.

Effect of various aging conditions and treatment methods on thermal degradation of coffee waste/epoxy composites

In composites containing lignocellulosic fillers, the chemical composition of the filler mostly determines the heat resistance. Based on the rules of green chemistry, new bio-based composites were developed from the waste of industrial crop product coffee (CW), and their thermal stability in different aging environments was examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Alkali (NaOH), microwave (MW), ultrasound (US), and alkali pretreatment followed by microwave (NaOH+MW) were applied to modify the CW. The effect of various applied treatment methods and environmental conditions such as UV radiation, water sorption, seawater, and hydrothermally agings on the thermal properties of the composites was investigated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used in the characterization of composites. Among the environmental factors tested, seawater and hydrothermal aging affected the thermal resistance of the composites the most, while NaOH+MW affected it most among the processing methods. Although the thermal stability of unaged and UV-exposed MW-CW composites was found to be the highest, it was more affected by aging in seawater, pure water, and hydrothermal environments. As a result, MW was found to be more effective among the treatment methods in terms of thermal properties under UV conditions, confirming that the adoption of environmentally friendly methods and surface modification of the filler can provide superior composites.

Application of fused filament fabrication 3D printing and molding to produce flexible, scaled neuron morphology models

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess a novel method for creating tangible three-dimensional (3D) morphologies (scaled models) of neuronal reconstructions and to evaluate its cost-effectiveness, accessibility and applicability through a classroom survey. The study addresses the challenge of accurately representing intricate and diverse dendritic structures of neurons in scaled models for educational purposes.Design/methodology/approachThe method involves converting neuronal reconstructions from the NeuromorphoVis repository into 3D-printable mold files. An operator prints these molds using a consumer-grade desktop 3D printer with water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol filament. The molds are then filled with casting materials like polyurethane or silicone rubber, before the mold is dissolved. We tested our method on various neuron morphologies, assessing the method’s effectiveness, labor, processing times and costs. Additionally, university biology students compared our 3D-printed neuron models with commercially produced counterparts through a survey, evaluating them based on their direct experience with both models.FindingsAn operator can produce a neuron morphology’s initial 3D replica in about an hour of labor, excluding a one- to three-day curing period, while subsequent copies require around 30 min each. Our method provides an affordable approach to crafting tangible 3D neuron representations, presenting a viable alternative to direct 3D printing with varied material options ensuring both flexibility and durability. The created models accurately replicate the fidelity and intricacy of original computer aided design (CAD) files, making them ideal for tactile use in neuroscience education.Originality/valueThe development of data processing and cost-effective casting method for this application is novel. Compared to a previous study, this method leverages lower-cost fused filament fabrication 3D printing to create accurate physical 3D representations of neurons. By using readily available materials and a consumer-grade 3D printer, the research addresses the high cost associated with alternative direct 3D printing techniques to produce such intricate and robust models. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the practicality of these 3D neuron models for educational purposes, making a valuable contribution to the field of neuroscience education.

Experiments of Main Parameters Affecting the Erosive Behavior of Self-Excited Oscillating Abrasive Water Jets: Length of Self-Oscillation Chamber, Jet Pressure, Abrasive Fluid Velocity, and Abrasive Grain Size.

To enhance the erosion efficiency in traditional abrasive water jet processing, an abrasive water jet processing method based on self-excited fluid oscillation is proposed. Traditional abrasive water jet methods suffer from reduced jet kinetic energy due to the presence of a stagnation layer, which hinders efficient material removal. By integrating a self-oscillation chamber into the conventional abrasive water jet nozzle, the continuous jet is transformed into a pulsed jet, thereby increasing the jet velocity and enhancing the kinetic energy of the process. This modification aims to improve material removal efficiency. Using Ansys Fluent, we simulated the material removal efficiency on workpiece surfaces with varying lengths of self-oscillation chambers. The simulation results reveal that the optimal length of the self-oscillation chamber for maximum erosion is 4 mm. SiC materials were used to evaluate the impact of self-oscillation chamber length (L), jet pressure (P), abrasive flow rate (M), and abrasive grain size (D) on erosion. Experimental results show that the self-oscillation chamber increases erosion depth by 33 μm. The maximum erosion depths recorded were 167 μm when L = 4 mm, 223 μm when P = 16 MPa, 193 μm when M = 80 g/min, and 268 μm when D = 2000 μm. Overall, the self-excited oscillation effect enhances the erosion efficiency of the waterjet by 14%. This study further elucidates the factors influencing erosion behaviors in oscillating abrasive water jet processing.