Method For Children Research Articles

‘한국 동요 새노래 지도’경험 탐색: 우즈베키스탄 예비유아교사들을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to improve students' Korean language and deliver advanced Korean music education to pre-service early childhood teachers in Uzbekistan through ‘the new-song learning activities of Korean children's songs’. 65 students in the Department of Early Childhood Education at Ferghana Korea International University in Uzbekistan were targeted. Starting in September 2023, 15 weeks of ‘the new-song-learning activities of Korean children’s songs’ classes were applied. As a result of the study, interest in the Korean language are increased, Korean was difficult for TOPIK preparation.. However, speaking Korean through song lyrics is a fun everyday English. the basic composition of music was learned through the scale of Korean Children’s songs, and an integrated approach was naturally learned through physical movement activities. It is significant in that it has prepared basic data for research on Korean language classes (bilingual classes) through Korean children's song lyrics and children's music teaching and learning methods in Uzbekistan, which is envious of advanced Korean education.

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Keaksaraan Menggunakan Metode Teka-Teki Gambar Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di PAUD Nusa Indah Kebon Jeruk Jakarta Barat

Improving Literacy Skills Using the Picture Puzzle Method in Children Aged 5-6 Years at PAUD Nusa Indah Kebon Jeruk West Jakarta". Thesis. Bekasi: Faculty of Education, Panca Sakti University, Bekasi, 2024. This study aims to improve the literacy skills of children aged 5-6 years using the picture puzzle method at PAUD Nusa Indah Kebon Jeruk West Jakarta. The research methodology used is classroom action research (CAR) which is carried out in 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of the planning, action, observation and reflection stages. Data collection in this study used observation sheets. From the results of this study, an increase was obtained in each cycle. In cycle I there was an increase of 60% or 6 children, in cycle II there was an increase of 80% or 8 children. So this study was successfully carried out to improve literacy skills using the picture puzzle method in children aged 5-6 years at PAUD Nusa Indah Kebon Jeruk West Jakarta.

Evaluation of Clinical Success of Fissure Sealant, Patients’ Preference and Gingival Damage Following Different Isolation Methods in Children: A Randomised Split-mouth Clinical Trial

Introduction: Effective tooth isolation is a key factor affecting the retention and, in turn, the clinical success of fissure sealants. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical success of fissure sealants, patients’ preferences and gingival damage following cotton roll isolation, rubber dam isolation and Mr. Thirsty isolation system in children. Materials and Methods: In this in vivo, split-mouth randomised clinical trial, participants aged 6–11 years requiring sealants on the first permanent molars were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each participant received sealants on three random first permanent molars using three isolation techniques. The method of choosing which tooth to seal using which isolation system was randomly carried out using a computer allocation system. The time required for sealant placement was recorded for each technique. Following sealant placement, participants were given an interview-based questionnaire to evaluate their preference regarding the isolation techniques. The evaluation of clinical success using USPHS criteria was recorded at baseline and followed up for 3, 6 and 9 months. These data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25 for Windows statistical software. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for intergroup comparison, and for quantitative data between three groups, analyses were done using the Chi-square test with multiple comparison tests. For all statistical analyses, probability levels of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant and P < 0.001 as highly significant. Results: A total of 93 teeth were clinically evaluated at the end of 9 months; of these, significantly higher retention rates were seen in the rubber dam group, where 71% had completely retained sealants and 29% had a partial loss of sealants. The mean chair side times were 1.94 ± 0.31, 3.28 ± 0.32 and 2.44 ± 0.32 for cotton roll, rubber dam and Mr. Thirsty isolation, respectively. Approximately 60% of participants preferred cotton roll isolation over rubber dam and Mr. Thirsty isolation system. (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Cotton roll isolation was the most preferred technique; however, sealant retention was reported to be the best using rubber dam isolation. Mr. Thirsty can be used as a viable alternative in patients where cotton rolls and a rubber dam are contraindicated.

Ankle movement alterations during gait in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with suspected peripheral mononeuropathy. A cross-sectional study

BackgroundPeripheral neuropathy due to chemotherapeutic drugs causes alterations in ankle movement during gait. This study aimed to describe the spatiotemporal parameters and ankle kinematics during gait in schoolchildren with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with clinically suspected peripheral neuropathy. MethodsIn children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the maintenance phase, we calculated spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of the ankle during gait using Kinovea® software. Furthermore, we identified alterations in the parameters obtained considering the values of the normality data from a stereophotogrammetry system as the reference values. Finally, we represented the kinematic parameters of the ankles calculated with Kinovea® compared to the normality values of the stereophotogrammetry. FindingsWe evaluated 25 schoolchildren; 13 were male (52.0%) with a median age of 88.0months and a median of 60.0 weeks in the maintenance phase, and 54.8% were classified as standard risk. Spatiotemporal parameters: cadence (steps/min), bilateral step length (m), and average gait speed (m/s) in ALL children were significantly lower than reference values (p < 0.001). Except for right mid-stance and bilateral foot strike, initial swing showed that both ankles maintained plantar flexion values during gait, significantly lower in ALL patients (p < 0.05). InterpretationWe identified spatiotemporal and kinematics alterations in schoolchildren with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during all phases of the gait suggestive of alteration in ankle muscles during movement, probably due to peripheral neuropathy; nevertheless, our results should be taken with caution until the accuracy and reliability of Kinovea® software as a diagnostic test compared to the stereophotogrammetric system in children with ALL and healthy peers is proven.

개념도 분석을 통해 본 초등학생 학부모의 선행학습에 관한 인식

This study aimed to investigate parent's perceptions of pre-learning among primary school parents using the concept mapping methodology, which is useful for understanding and structuring group perceptions. Sixteen parents participated in individual in-depth interviews. Based on the data obtained, a total of 58 final statements were derived through a statement integration process, with 14 participants contributing to similarity classification. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis were conducted based on similarity classification of participants. Subsequently, a survey on the degree of empathy for statements was conducted using a 5-point Likert scale with 76 parents, including statement generators and similarity classification participants, to calculate the degree of empathy for statements and clusters. The results revealed that parent's perceptions were divided into two dimensions: 'children's motivation-social pressure' and 'parent’s conviction- experience and external influence'. They were further classified into four clusters and two sub-clusters. Specifically, the clusters included 'enhancing children's motivation and abilities for pre-learning', 'realities and surrounding circumstances inducing pre-learning', 'value system and conviction towards pre-learning', and 'awareness and coping with the current state of pre-learning'. Among these, the cluster 'enhancing children's motivation and abilities for pre-learning' was further divided into sub-clusters of 'children's motivation for pre-learning' and 'enhancing children's abilities through pre-learning', while the cluster 'realities and surrounding circumstances inducing pre-learning' was divided into sub-clusters of 'experiential realities necessitating pre-learning' and 'surrounding environments prompting pre-learning'. Parents showed the highest empathy towards the cluster 'value system and conviction towards pre-learning'. In conclusion, parents have evolved considering the choice regarding pre-learning to strategizing for the success of their children's pre-learning. Parents have taken an active lead in their children's pre-learning situations, armed with their own educational value system and convictions, considering factors such as their children's motivation, timing, methods, surrounding circumstances, and experiences. The study is significant in suggesting the necessity of observing changes in societal perceptions of pre-learning and improving educational policies and entrance examination systems based on parent's perceptions.

Shall we play?: listening to children’s voices using a playful approach

ABSTRACT There is a paucity of research that has effectively listened to children's voices on matters important to them and has asked them how they would like to be listened to. This study used a playful approach to listen to children's voices about play spaces in their primary school. The research questions were: •How can a playful approach be used to listen to children's voices about what children would like their new play space to look like? •Why did children choose particular resources to communicate their thoughts about those spaces?Forty-two primary school children (ages 5-6 years) chose which method/s they would like to engage with to share their voices from blocks, clay, drawings, percussion instruments and loose parts storytelling. In line with our Playful Research Ethics Framework (PREF), interactive ethics sessions were delivered using puppets, music and Makaton and on-going assent was monitored.This article focuses on clay and blocks data; children's favourite and preferred methods to listen to their voices. Rich data were collected through artefacts, photographs and conversations. The findings suggest that incorporating a playful approach and providing multiple ateliers and resources to choose from, can ensure children's voices can be heard and amplified.The study makes several original contributions, namely, designing a Playful Research Ethics Framework, aligning the research design of multiple ateliers with free-flow play and including a large sample size. This study also highlighted children's agency within the research process as children chose how and when their voices should be heard, and invited children to share their preferences for being listened to in future.

Beliefs of English Language Instruction by Indonesian Elementary School Teachers: Exploring the Influence of Environment and Educational Background

One of the reasons for the success of the teaching and learning process in the classroom is the teacher's belief system. Belief guides one’s thinking, action, and understanding of events. The level of beliefs in the teaching process needs to be probed before teachers critically manifest their teaching practices and facilitate outcome changes. In Indonesia, the independent curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka), which was regulated in 2022, directs the teaching English since elementary school. The present study aims to assess the teachers' belief system in teaching English to elementary school students as the “Kurikulum Merdeka”implementation spirit. The study involved 32 English teachers. The questionnaire assessed the teachers' beliefs about teaching English to elementary school students in 3 areas: the nature of children's English development, methods and techniques, and self-efficacy. There was also 1 open-ended question addressed to teachers to investigate their level of beliefs in teaching English among elementary school students. Data analysis is described in the form of descriptive statistics, independent t-test analysis, and content analysis. The results of this study indicate that the international school environment has a better level of belief than the national-plus school. Meanwhile, there was no difference in the level of belief in teaching among teachers with different educational backgrounds when they were in college.

Gut metabolome and microbiota signatures predict response to treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition in a prospective study in children with active Crohn’s disease

BackgroundPredicting response to exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in active Crohn’s disease (CD) could lead to therapy personalization and pretreatment optimization. ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the ability of pretreatment parameters to predict fecal calprotectin (FCal) levels at EEN completion in a prospective study in children with CD. MethodsIn children with active CD, clinical parameters, dietary intake, cytokines, inflammation-related blood proteomics, and diet-related metabolites, metabolomics and microbiota in feces, were measured before initiation of 8 wk of EEN. Prediction of FCal levels at EEN completion was performed using machine learning. Data are presented with medians (IQR). ResultsOf 37 patients recruited, 15 responded (FCal < 250 μg/g) to EEN (responders) and 22 did not (nonresponders). Clinical and immunological parameters were not associated with response to EEN. Responders had lesser (μmol/g) butyrate [responders: 13.2 (8.63–18.4) compared with nonresponders: 22.3 (12.0–32.0); P = 0.03], acetate [responders: 49.9 (46.4–68.4) compared with nonresponders: 70.4 (57.0–95.5); P = 0.027], phenylacetate [responders: 0.175 (0.013–0.611) compared with nonresponders: 0.943 (0.438–1.35); P = 0.021], and a higher microbiota richness [315 (269–347) compared with nonresponders: 243 (205–297); P = 0.015] in feces than nonresponders. Responders consumed (portions/1000 kcal/d) more confectionery products [responders: 0.55 (0.38–0.72) compared with nonresponders: 0.19 (0.01–0.38); P = 0.045]. A multicomponent model using fecal parameters, dietary data, and clinical and immunological parameters predicted response to EEN with 78% accuracy (sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 77%; positive predictive value: 71%; negative predictive value: 85%). Higher taxon abundance from Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Bacteroides and phenylacetate, butyrate, and acetate were the most influential variables in predicting lack of response to EEN. ConclusionsWe identify microbial signals and diet-related metabolites in feces, which could comprise targets for pretreatment optimization and personalized nutritional therapy in pediatric CD.

Developing Indonesian Vocabulary Through the Application of the Mind Mapping Method in Children

Purpose of the study: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of implementing the mind map method in improving the Indonesian language vocabulary skills of children in Group B at Kindergarten School Al Khairiyah Kota Bandar Lampung.&#x0D; Methodology: This research uses qualitative methods with classroom action research as the main tool to teach Indonesian vocabulary to 19 group B children at Al Khairiyah Kindergarten, Bandar Lampung City with total sampling. Data collection, namely observation, documentation and analysis, was carried out to assess the impact of the method on vocabulary acquisition.&#x0D; Main Findings: In Cycle 1, the mind map method was applied in two meetings with a focus on the theme of food and drink, resulting in an increase in Indonesian vocabulary. Cycle 2 continued this approach with improvements to the clothing theme lesson, which resulted in significant improvements in students' understanding and response to the material. Overall, the application of mind map method proved effective in improving the Indonesian vocabulary skills of Group B children at Al Khairiyah Kindergarten, Bandar Lampung City.&#x0D; Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes to the field by demonstrating the effectiveness of the mind map method in improving vocabulary acquisition among young learners. This research is offers practical insights for educators seeking innovative approaches to language teaching and learning, which have the potential to advance pedagogical practices in early childhood education.

Concurrent Validity of Motion Parameters Measured With an RGB-D Camera-Based Markerless 3D Motion Tracking Method in Children and Young Adults.

Low-cost, portable RGB-D cameras with integrated motion tracking functionality enable easy-to-use 3D motion analysis without requiring expensive facilities and specialized personnel. However, the accuracy of existing systems is insufficient for most clinical applications, particularly when applied to children. In previous work, we developed an RGB-D camera-based motion tracking method and showed that it accurately captures body joint positions of children and young adults in 3D. In this study, the validity and accuracy of clinically relevant motion parameters that were computed from kinematics of our motion tracking method are evaluated in children and young adults. Twenty-three typically developing children and healthy young adults (5-29 years, 110-189 cm) performed five movement tasks while being recorded simultaneously with a marker-based Vicon system and an Azure Kinect RGB-D camera. Motion parameters were computed from the extracted kinematics of both methods: time series measurements, i.e., measurements over time, peak measurements, i.e., measurements at a single time instant, and movement smoothness. The agreement of these parameter values was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficients r for time series data, and mean absolute error (MAE) and Bland-Altman plots with limits of agreement for peak measurements and smoothness. Time series measurements showed strong to excellent correlations (r-values between 0.8 and 1.0), MAE for angles ranged from 1.5 to 5 degrees and for smoothness parameters (SPARC) from 0.02-0.09, while MAE for distance-related parameters ranged from 9 to 15 mm. Extracted motion parameters are valid and accurate for various movement tasks in children and young adults, demonstrating the suitability of our tracking method for clinical motion analysis. The low-cost portable hardware in combination with our tracking method enables motion analysis outside of specialized facilities while providing measurements that are close to those of the clinical gold-standard.

Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan Anak Luar Sekolah (Homeschooling) Melalui Pelatihan dan Bimbingan Bagi Orang Tua di Bandar Lampung

Children's education, through the homeschooling method, is increasingly in demand in Bandar Lampung. However, many parents need guidance and understanding to run homeschooling effectively. This activity aims to improve the quality of homeschooling education by providing training and guidance to parents. It is hoped that children who participate in homeschooling will receive an education equivalent to formal education standards. The methods used in this activity include practical training and direct guidance to parents who choose homeschooling as their child's education method. Activity participants are provided with knowledge about relevant curricula, effective teaching methods, and appropriate educational resources. Apart from that, they are also taught how to develop their children's social and emotional abilities. The results of this activity showed a significant increase in parents' understanding of homeschooling as an effective educational method. So they are able to design a curriculum according to needs, apply effective teaching methods, and support children's development in various aspects. This community service activity makes a positive contribution in improving the quality of homeschooling education in Bandar Lampung. Parents who take part in this training and guidance program become better able to guide their children's education outside the formal school context.

Early Interview of Speech Delay with Phonics Method in Children with Speech Delay Age 3 Years at Graha Husada Hospital Gresik

Language disorders are delays in the language sector experienced by a child. A child can be said to have a delay in speaking if the child's level of speech development is below the level of quality of normal child's speech development in general according to his age, this can be seen from the correct use of words. The subject in this study with the initials MDE is 3 years old, this patient underwent routine therapy as much as twice a week. According to therapists who treat MDE, MDE is a child who has speech delay. The following are the results of researchers' observations of MDE who have speech delay. In this research, the phonics method is used, where the phonics method is "a method of teaching reading that is related to sound". Where these letters consist of vowels and consonants which are combined into syllables and sentences. This research uses experimental research methods, experimental research consists of pre-test and post-test. The post test showed an increase in the subject, on the first day the subject got a score of 8, on the second day 14, on the third day 16, and on the fourth day 18, where this score showed an increase. In conclusion, this phonics method is functional and can be used on research subjects of children aged 3 years.

Explicative Specificity of the Concept of “Coronavirus” for Children in the Framework of Medical Discourse

Introduction. In the spring of 2020, the pandemic of coronavirus was announced in the world – the disease caused by the new type of coronavirus SARS-COV-2. In connection with the progressive psychoemotional stress in society in the literature and the media, attempts are made in a simple and affordable form to explain the causes of this disease and prevention methods. Despite the fact that the children's contingent was the least susceptible to the disease, this topic was widely covered in children's books, posters and brochures. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to analyze and study various methods of verbalizing the renewal of knowledge about coronavirus infection through lexical units. The article describes the results of the analysis of the concept of “coronavirus”, reflecting the “childish” vision of the disease.Methodology and sources. To create an idea of the concept of “Coronavirus”, it is required to conduct a framework analysis and build concepts of concepts that dominate generally in the discourse. For this, it is necessary to conduct a case analysis of children's texts, conceptual analysis and method of modeling using the theory of cognitive metaphor. Also, the compilation of frames will need to conduct definition, etymological, component and contextual analyzes.Results and discussion. Within the framework of this article, the role of metaphor as the main mechanism for representing information about the disease and its prevention is presented. As a result of the study, strategies for the verbalization of knowledge about coronavirus infection were revealed, contributing to training and socializationConclusion. The significance of the presented work is determined by the possibility of using the results of the study in theoretical and practical courses in cognitive linguistics, discourse theory, text linguistics and metaphorology. In addition, the results of the study can be used in theoretical and practical medical activity to optimize the connection in the field of pediatrics.

Instilling Nationalist Values from an Early Age Through the History of the Struggle of Indonesian Heroes

Introducing the history of Indonesian independence to children is not an easy matter, considering that if you talk about history, what you definitely know is the long plot and events. Introduction to the history of Indonesian independence, in a fun way to foster good nationalist values in children from an early age. The aim is for young children to feel the meaning of struggle from simple actions. We know that children's learning methods must be adapted to their characteristics. The aim of the research will be to briefly describe how the introduction of stories of struggle increases the value of nationalism in children. The research design will use narrative/historical qualitative research, namely trying to find and describe narratively the activities carried out and the impact of the actions taken. This research will be carried out at the ABA VII Kindergarten, Kediri City with research subjects of 30 children aged 4-6 years. Collection techniques are observation, interviews and document analysis. Meanwhile, in analyzing the data, data triangulation, member checking and auditing techniques were used, as well as data analysis techniques according to Miles &amp; Huberman, namely data reduction, data display and conclusions. The research results show that instilling nationalist values based on the story of the nation's struggle can be done through planning play activities starting from playing learning videos, designing Heroes' Day project activities and telling stories from books/pictures about the names of heroes as well as direct practice of visiting heroes' graves. Recommendations from research results should be developed other than during Heroes' Day so that we can see the continuity of children's understanding through activities to foster nationalism.

Speech, Sign, or Both? Factors Influencing Caregivers' Communication Method Decision Making for Deaf/Hard of Hearing Children.

Caregivers of deaf/hard of hearing infants are faced with challenging decisions regarding their child's communication method. The purpose of the current research note is to characterize the advice that caregivers receive and value as well as the factors that influence caregivers' decision making. The current study enrolled 105 caregiver-child dyads, including children between 12 and 18 months of age with bilateral, congenital hearing loss. All children were exposed to spoken language, and 63.81% of children were also exposed to sign language. Caregivers completed the "Making Decisions About Sign, Speech, and Multilingualism Survey" (Crowe et al., 2014). Caregivers most frequently received advice to use both speech and sign and highly valued advice from speech-language pathologists. When considering the use of speech, the factors that caregivers most frequently rated as very important were "My child's future academic success" (96.19%), "My child's future literary success" (95.24%), and "My child's future access to higher education" (95.19%). When considering the use of sign, the factors that caregivers most frequently rated as very important were "My child's ability to form friendships and future relationships" (82.52%), "My child's future literary success" (81.37%), and "My child's future academic success" (81.37%). Results of the current study suggest that throughout the decision-making process, caregivers' highest priority is understanding how their decisions will influence their child's future access to opportunities and relationships. Providers may consider discussing these factors early in the decision-making process to support caregivers' ability to make an informed choice regarding their child's communication method.

A Comparative Study to Confirm the Endotracheal Tube Placement Using Ultrasonography and Standard Auscultation Method in Children.

In pediatric patients due to shorter trachea suboptimal positioning of endotracheal tube (ETT) is seen in 20%-50% of patients triggering grave complications. We compared standard auscultation and ultrasound-guided lung sliding to confirm the position of ETT in children. Seventy-five pediatric patients between 2-8 years of age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I and II scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation were studied. The position of ETT was confirmed by chest auscultation for the breath sounds bilaterally and by ultrasound on the same sites for lung-sliding signs. The data obtained were compared to findings on waveform capnography. Study outcomes included position of the ETT; tracheal or esophageal, accuracy of diagnosis and time taken till confirming the diagnosis. Compared to waveform capnography findings, an ultrasound revealed a sensitivity of 94.31%, a specificity of 72.33%, and an accuracy of 90.7% while that for standard auscultation were 82.8%, 47.28%, and 74.67%, respectively. The mean time taken for confirmation of ETT position was significantly shorter with waveform capnography (10.29 ± 2.25 s) compared to auscultation (12.96 ± 2.23 s) and ultrasonography (USG) (14.28 ± 3.77 s). Confirmation of ETT position using USG or waveform capnography is essential because of high false results using standard auscultation alone. Ultrasound-guided lung sliding method is a simple, fast, and a reliable method used for detecting tube malposition.

Handphone and Students Growing in the example of Covid- 19; Lesson from Indigenous People in Limbungan, Lombok Timur, Indonesia

The pandemic has changed how students learn, including accepting technology in indigenous peoples' environments which is commonly unrevealed. This research discusses 1) how is students' literacy towards using smartphone technology in the context of learning before and after the pandemic in education units? 2) How do indigenous peoples understand modernization amid the substantial inheritance of ancestral traditions still practiced? Is it acceptance or rejection? To answer these research questions, ethnographic studies used Symbolic Interactionism analysis to observe changes in population behavior. There are two purposively selected sample groups; groups of students in indigenous environments, community leaders, and some randomly selected individual representations. Participatory observations, in-depth interviews, and related literature reviews were utilized to collect data supplemented by questionnaires disseminated through the help of google forms submitted to groups of students. The findings conclude that the Limbungan community is open to accepting technological media. Private television broadcasts after the fall of the new order regime contributed to campaigning for the importance of schools. This prompted the emergence of a wave of Limbungan people attending school. The pandemic has significantly improved digital literacy among indigenous peoples, even though most tribes in some areas have refused. School-age children are quite adaptive when using mobile phones to study during the pandemic. It can be said that indigenous groups in Indonesia do not always reject technology and the changes brought about in children's learning methods.

Implementing The Field Trip Method With Youtube Media To Improve Description Text Writing Skills

Writing is one way to express ideas and ideas about what has been seen, heard or experienced. To be able to produce or express flanguage through writing is an ability that necessitates encoding processes, and writing is an active and productive linguistic activity.This research was carried out because of the low desire to write and the lack of knowledge about writing descriptive texts. The benefits that can be obtained from the use of media through YouTube, among others, the teacher will find it easier to convey learning materials in a more interesting way, avoid the lecture method in delivering material, can facilitate various types of children's learning methods, students will be more enthusiastic about participating in learning with In presenting videos, the teacher will more easily invite students to be involved in learning activities. the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using youtube media with the field trip method. The methodology of this investigation is experimental. This study employs a pre-experimental design known as the One-Group Pretest-Posttest Plan. The outcomes demonstrate an elevated dependence on Youtube media when composing descriptive texts using the field trip approach.

Kerjasama Guru Kelas dan Orangtua dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas V Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The purpose of this study is to find out: 1) What is the form of collaboration between teachers and parents in increasing interest in learning in fifth grade students at MIS Ikhlashul Amal Sebawi for the 2020/2021 academic year? 2) What are the supporting and inhibiting factors of teacher and parent collaboration in increasing interest in learning in fifth grade students at MIS Ikhlashul Amal Sebawi for the 2020/2020 academic year? This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of field research while the data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation based on primary sources in the field, and secondary sources in the form of books or scientific research papers related to this research. The data analysis techniques used are data collection analysis, data reduction, data display, verification or drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: 1) the form of collaboration between teachers and parents in increasing the interest of fifth grade students at MIS Ikhlashul Amal Sebawi for the 2020/2021 academic year is by guiding children's learning at home, giving assignments, preparing learning materials, methods, facilities and infrastructure , to motivate students. 2) What are the supporting and inhibiting factors for the cooperation of teachers and parents in increasing the learning interest of fifth grade students at MIS Ikhlashul Amal Sebawi for the 2020/2021 academic year, the factors that support children's health, interest and motivation, children's learning methods, harmonious families. Factors inhibiting parents' educational background, lack of parental attention, lack of cooperation between parents and teachers.

Comparison of Dental and Skeletal Age Estimating Methods in Children.

Estimating age is a crucial determinant of forensic science. Various methods have been used to estimate dental age (DA) and skeletal age (SA).The aim of the current study was to compare the Cameriere's DA method with the Cameriere's SA method in estimating CA in children. A total of 216 radiographs of 130 females and 86 males (between 9 to 14.99 years of age) were evaluated in northwestern Turkey. DA was calculated on the panoramic images using Cameriere's open-apex method. SA was determined on the lateral cephalograms using the fourth cervical vertebrae method by Cameriere. The DA, SA, and CA data were compared using a paired t-test and Wilcoxon test. The mean CA of all groups was calculated as 12.96±0.30, the mean DA of 12.74±0.68 and the mean SA of 12.89±0.89. In males, the DA method presented an underestimation between ages of 14.00 and 14.99 (p<0.05) and an overestimation between ages 9.00 and 11.99 (p<0.05). In females, the DA method showed an underestimation in the 13.00- and 14.99-year-old age groups (p<0.05) and an overestimation in the 10.00- and 11.99-year-old age groups (p<0.05). The SA method revealed a significant underestimation in females between the ages of 13.00 and 14.99 and in males between the ages of 14.00 and 14.99 (p<0.05). The SA estimation method may provide more accurate results compared to the DA method with children of both sexes aged between 9.00 to 12.99 in the determination of CA.