Translation Method Research Articles

Terminological aspects of translation in the IT sphere

The article deals with the peculiarities of translation of information technology terminology in modern English. The field of scientific interest of this study concerns the theory of translation. The article aims at providing essential information about an area of study of translation and wordformation of IT terms, introducing word-formative processes which can cause a rise of neologism and stating some examples of neologism which occur in the current English language. The objective of this article is to study the peculiarities of translation of IT terminology from English into Ukrainian, to identify key problems and methods of their solution. The ways of reproducing terms in translation are determined. The ways of translating IT terms from English into Ukrainian are analyzed. The theoretical aspects of terminology, in particular the concepts of «term» and «terminological system», were thoroughly studied. Their semantic and structural characteristics were analyzed, which allowed us to better understand the nature and functioning of terms in the language system. Various methods of forming computer vocabulary, such as abbreviation, contamination, reversion, conversion, and the formation of affixed neologisms, were also considered. Several methods of translating complex terms, identified as the most productive are studied. The most effective methods of translating complex terms are considered as: preserving the structure of the original, modifying the structure of the original, transcoding, which includes transcription or transliteration. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of a systematic approach to the translation of IT terminology, improving translation methods in view of current trends in the development of information technology.

Black literature in the English language classroom: teaching English and building the individual as a critical and sensitive social being with the short story “Girl” by Jamaica Kincaid

For some time in traditional foreign language teaching, literature occupied the place of teaching object used in the translation method. With the changes in teaching methodology, the literary text has lost its importance in English classrooms. However, literature is resurging and asking for space in this context in conformity with the official documents of education that attribute to the teaching of foreign languages the development of knowledge for the exercise of citizenship. This research aims to analyze the use of literary texts in the English language classroom that through this literacy process facilitates the construction of the student's formative character, collaborating in the reflection about his social practices and actions as a critical and sensitive individual. The short story "Girl" by the black writer Jamaica Kincaid is presented as an alternative object of study, bringing attention to relevant discussions of post-modernity, such as the colonization process, which is responsible for a great part of the identity formation of several peoples. Based on the assumptions of literature as a "humanizing" text (CANDIDO, 2012), transgressive (COSSON, 2016; HOOKS, 2017), and transformative (GONÇALVES; SPECHT, 2018) the research highlights linguistic, cultural, social, and spiritual learning factors of literary texts, contributing to the formation of a society based on equity, solidarity, and respect.

Allusion: A Functional Evaluation of Peter Theroux’s Translation Dongola: A Novel of Nubia with Reference to Idris Ali’s Original Novel Dunqulah: Riwayah Nubiyah

This study addresses the translation of allusion in Arabic into English from a qualitative functional perspective. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the functional adequacy of Peter Theroux’s English translation of the allusions employed by Idris Ali in his Arabic novel Dunqulah: Riwayah Nubiyah (1993), via implementing Nord’s functional model of translation-oriented text analysis (1991). The study entails two initial hypotheses. First, Theroux, as a non-native speaker of Arabic, would encounter linguistic, cultural, and pragmatic translation difficulties. Second, the anticipated translation difficulties are expected to affect the functional adequacy of Theroux’s translation of allusion into English. The findings indicate that: Peter Theroux, as an American translator whose mother tongue is English, encountered linguistic, cultural, and pragmatic translation difficulties, which affected, to varying degrees, the functional adequacy of his English translation of allusion. Additionally, Theroux’s rendering of the allusions using the literal sub-strategy into English has negatively affected their functional adequacy due to the linguistic and cultural gaps between the two languages. The study concludes that adopting the literal sub-strategy has led to a functionally inadequate English translation of the Arabic allusions. Furthermore, Nord’s model (1991) would be a useful top-down problem-solving tool for translation between linguistically and culturally distant languages as it would aid the translator in identifying the anticipated linguistic, cultural, and pragmatic divergences between the languages. The produced translation would be based on a problem-solution process conducted by the translator rather than a discursive method of translation.

THE POTRAYAL OF ENGLISH TEACHING AT SMA HANG TUAH 4 SURABAYA

Teaching activities are the main part of the process of teaching and learning. Therefore, the researcher was interested in finding out what activities were employed in the classroom. To find the answer, there was an English teacher as a participant in this study who taught more than three classes. This study used a qualitative method with a questionnaire, an interview, and observation as the research instruments. The questionnaire was derived from theories of English teaching methods and was used to gather data on the teaching activities applied in her classroom. Then, the observations were done to see the actual teaching and learning process in the classroom. At last, the interview was conducted to enrich the data and clarify what was found in the questionnaire and observations. The findings showed that the teacher stated in the questionnaire and interview that she used various teaching techniques. However, it was found that translation, reading aloud, grammar explanation, and exercises were mainly done. It implied that traditional teaching methods like the Grammar Translation Method are still implemented in our classroom. This kind of method focuses on what to teach; as its characters and principles show, it does not teach students how to use the language.

The History of Orientalist Quran Translation

The orientalists' belief in the Qur'ān as a product of human intervention is one of the reasons why Western scholars of Islam study the Qur'ān. Then the crusades that took place between 1095 and 1291, also caused political and religious friction between Western Christians in Palestine and Islam, which had an impact on the spirit of Christian apologetics and their interest in translating the Qur'an in order to try to overthrow Islam with refutation and hatred of the Qur'an. The author focuses on analyzing the history of the emergence of orientalism to the process of translating the Qur'an which includes the periodisation of translation to the development of Qur'anic translation methods from time to time. This research is a type of qualitative research with a library research model using data sources in the form of books, encyclopaedias, dictionaries, and the like. The results of this research show that the study of Islam by orientalists in making translations of the Qur'an began with a Christianisation mission with the aim of insulting the Qur'an. But along with the times, the translation of the Qur'an changed its approach to become more scientific, critical and objective. So that some of the results of their research also contribute to Islam.

Конкретизация при переводе текстов с английского на узбекский

Concretization or specification is one of the widely used methods of translation. This is because finding exact equivalents with the same meaning in different languages can be difficult or impossible. The articles explores various types of concretization in the context, and analyzes their functions in translating texts from English into Uzbek

Транснациональный аспект коррупционной преступности

Introduction. Undoubtedly globalization increased the scale and influence of such a dangerous phenomenon as corruption. The existence of corruption even at the national level affects the global economical, social and political processes. Transnational corruption is more dangerous negative phenomenon because it destroys management effectiveness not only at the local, regional or state level, but in the global scale, distorting conditions of international competitiveness and negatively affecting the domestic and foreign policies of independent states [1]. The transnational corruption may be considered as a way of negative influence on the sovereign countries, their domestic and foreign policies, economic and social systems. In this article we consider the notion and peculiarities of transnational corruption, its typical signs, and normative methods of influencing on it in some foreign countries. A special attention will be paid to the role of the transnational corporations (TNC) in creating and supporting the corruptive “atmosphere” in the world. 
 Methodology. In this article the author used common scientific methods of (analysis, synthesis, systemicstructural, deduction, induction) and private scientific methods (formally legal, comparatively legal, methods of grammatical transformations when translating, method of explanatory translation).
 Results. Corruption may be legally referred to international crimes, or more exactly, to the crimes of transnational character. The justice of such conclusion is conditioned with the fact that the corruption and corruptive crimes are prohibited with the international conventions which have already formed a coherent system of internationally legal acts about the responsibilities for corruptive activities, for instance, universal, cross-regional, regional and sub-regional acts. Moreover in some countries there are certain agreements.

FEATURES OF NOMINATIVE SENTENCES IN ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN

The article analyses nominal clauses in English with a view to their differences and similarities with Ukrainian. An attempt has been made to identify the grammatical features of these constructions and to identify their possible practical applications in teaching both languages. The article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of nominal clauses in the context of different language systems in order to improve the methods of translation and language teaching. The paper uses methods of comprehensive analysis of scientific works by domestic and foreign linguists, as well as comparative analysis of nominal clauses in different text formats. Moreover, the scientific approaches to the grammatical features of nominal clauses were examined in detail and illustrative material from film scripts, literary works and other sources was selected to understand the variability of these constructions. The results of the study indicate similarities between English and Ukrainian nominal clauses, such as the affirmative form, assertive intonation and independence. However, differences in construction are revealed, especially the influence of case grammar in Ukrainian and inversion in English sentences. The article focuses on the practical use of the acquired knowledge in grammar teaching and language learning. Further research is planned to analyse the actualisation of nominal clauses in film scripts of both languages in order to expand the understanding of linguistic realisation in different contexts.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Dizziness Handicap Inventory – Screening Version

ObjectivesThe Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) is the most popular and widely used questionnaire in evaluating patients with vertigo. This questionnaire has a screening version with a high correlation with DHI. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian DHI – Screening version (DHI-S). MethodsThis cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted on 300 patients at the central vestibular clinic in Mashhad, Iran, from 2020 to 2021. First, the DHI-S was translated into Persian using the backward-forward translation method. Subsequently, the following types of validity and reliability were examined: content validity based on content validity index and content validity ratio, face validity based on impact score, construct validity based on confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency based on Cronbach’s α and Ω, and test-retest stability based on intraclass correlation coefficient and smallest detectable change. ResultsThe DHI-S had high content and face validity. Score 8 was selected for the cutoff point between patients and the normal group with a sensitivity of 63.67% and specificity of 96.08%. The construct validity indicated that the questionnaire is one-dimensional. The Cronbach’s α and Ω for internal consistency were 0.855 and 0.851, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.981 and the smallest detectable change was 5.521. ConclusionsThe DHI-S in the Persian language has high and acceptable psychometric properties. This questionnaire can be used in research and clinical settings.

Exploring the Implementation of Cambridge Curriculum in Early Elementary English Education: A Case Study

This study investigates the application of the Cambridge curriculum in teaching English to young learners, focusing on how it is tailored to their specific needs. The research was conducted at a private Islamic elementary school in Surakarta, Central Java, and centered around the teaching practices of an English teacher at the school. Through structured interviews and observations, the study aimed to gain a thorough understanding of the implementation of the Cambridge curriculum in early English education. The findings show that the teacher primarily used audio-visual and translation methods for instruction. The materials utilized included both printed and electronic books from Cambridge, enhanced with digital resources like videos, Quizizz, and the Spin Wheel application. Additionally, the study explored the assessment methods used, which encompassed daily evaluations, mid-term, and final tests. The qualitative analysis of this data provides valuable insights into the effective implementation of the Cambridge curriculum in a real elementary school environment.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malay-Translated Version of the Food Neophobia Scale for Malaysian Young Adults.

The Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) is a research instrument, originally developed in English, to assess an individual's level of food neophobia. However, it has not yet been translated and validated for Malaysians. Therefore, we aimed to translate and validate a Malay-translated version of the FNS. Respondents were 200 young adults (mostly females, 73%; and students, 82.0%; M age = 22.3years, SD = 2.3). We first translated the FNS into Malay using the forward-backward translation method, and a panel of nutrition and dietetics experts then reviewed it for item relevance, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity. The translated FNS suggested good content validity with an item-level content validity index (I-CVI) > .8, a scale-level content validity index (S-CVI)/average = .8 and a S-CVI/universal agreement = .96. Principal component analysis revealed a two-factor model: (i) willingness and trust; and (ii) rejection and fear. Cronbach's alpha for the Malay-translated FNS was .808, demonstrating high internal consistency and reliability among young Malaysian adults. Future investigators can now use this Malay-translated FNS instrument to determine levels of food neophobia among Malaysians.

Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE)-Organosilica Membranes for H2O/DMF Separation in Reverse Osmosis (RO): Evaluation and Correlation of Subnanopores via Nanopermporometry (NPP), Modified Gas Translation (mGT) and RO Performance.

A 40 cm length Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) membrane having different pore sizes was successfully prepared by changing the number of coating times for gas permeation (GP) and organic solvent reverse osmosis (OSRO) separation study. It was found that BTESE-6 membranes prepared through six-time coating consisted of small-sized pores in the range 0.56 to 0.64 nm estimated using modified Gas Translation (mGT) method and 0.59 to 0.67 nm estimated by nanopermporometry (NPP) method, respectively. These membranes demonstrated a high DMF rejection, RDMF > 95% with total flux, Jv total > 5 kg m-2 h-1 at operating condition feed pressure, Pf: 8 MPa; feed temperature, Tf : 50 °C; and feed flowrate, Qf : 30 mL/min; and they exhibited a high degree selectivity of He/SF6 in the range of ~ 260-3400 at a permeation temperature 200 °C. On the other hand, the larger pore sizes of the BTESE-4 membranes (pore size estimates > 0.76 nm to 1.02 nm) exhibited low DMF rejection and a low degree selectivity of He/SF6 around ~30% and 25, respectively, at the same operating condition as BTESE-6. Both GT and NPP methods can be considered as an indicator of the measurement membrane pore size. From this study, it was found that He and SF6 gases can be some of the potential predictors for water and DMF permeance. Furthermore, by comparing our OSRO membrane with other PV membranes for DMF/H2O separation, our BTESE-6 membranes still exhibited high flux in the range of 3-6 kg m-2 h-1 with a separation factor H2O/DMF in the range of 80-120.

PRAGMATIC DEVIATIONS IN TRANSLATION OF LEXICAL BLENDS WITHIN POLITICAL DISCOURSE

The research touches upon the innovations in the English word formation processes, i.e., the role of analogy and intralingual borrowings as significant sources and ways of replenishing English vocabulary, interfering entirely with all the languages in the world and greatly influencing their development. Nominative units consisting of two or more words with a contraction of at least one of them at the place of a junction, i.e., blends, are an integral feature of the English language in general and modern English socio-political discourse in particular. Blending has been growing recently among the most productive means of word formation. Blends are needed to denote new concepts and phenomena and are often used to manifest the author’s word-formation skills; they become popular due to their expressiveness and novelty of form and content. The goal of the article is to study the functional features of blends as a means of strengthening the pragmatic component of the socio-political discourse, as well as the strategy and techniques of their translation. The general and special methods were used to achieve the goal and objectives of the study: information retrieval method – to select research material and process basic theoretical knowledge; generalization method – to highlight the most critical academic positions; deduction and induction – to clarify the theoretical foundations, generalize data and formulate conclusions; discourse analysis – to identify specific communicative and pragmatic features of socio-political communication; contextual and functional methods – to actualize the linguopragmatic meaning of the lexical units under the study, i.e., blends; the vocabulary definitions analysis – to examine their linguopragmatic peculiarities; structuralsemantic and component analysis – to determine the ways of blend formation and their main structural elements – all this is necessary for the implementation of translation analysis. The use of pragmalinguistic elements (blends, in our case) involves investigating relationships between language units and the conditions of the communicative-pragmatic space, tracing the relationship between the addressee’s intentional component and the choice of language means when translating the studied units within the socio-political discourse into another language. Conclusions. Regarding the focus of socio-political discourse on speech influence, the conveying of blend stylistics and the transfer of speech realia that form the basis of the blend implication and strengthen the socio-pragmatics of the given text cause difficulties in comprehending the English original and translation variants. The study of the translation aspect of blends within socio-political discourse revealed a lot of challenges, such as the need for a unique means for conveying blend semantics in the translation language, the complex nature of blend explication, and the problem of their interpretation. Among the translation techniques that are most effective in overcoming the outlined translation difficulties of socio-political blends, such ones should be mentioned first: transcription, transliteration, tracing, and creating an analogical model. The descriptive translation method is considered inappropriate when translating political blends (under research) because such a technique does not allow conveying pragmatics of blends and implement them in the translation language as expressive lexical and stylistic units that are components of speech influence on the addressee, and the society as a whole. The principles of the techniques studied in the article can be used for further research as being universal for translating English blends in inflectional languages (Ukrainian including), where such a phenomenon is non-typical. The process of blending hypothetically proves the activation of the redistribution of components within the different language structures and systems and their ability to self-reorganize.

Variation of translation reception of Q. Tarantino’s film discourse

Within the framework of the article, the phenomenon of variability of translation reception of Q. Tarantino’s film discourse is considered. The authors conduct a comparative analysis of translation solutions used by the Russian-speaking translators as part of their work on Q. Tarantino’s films when transmitting significant elements of the author’s idiostyle. The focus is on the analysis of variability and evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the Russian-language translations of the film discourse of this director, which together make up the translation reception of his film works. The research methods include the continuous selection method, the method of contextual analysis, the method of functional semantic analysis, descriptive method, the method of contextual analysis, the method of interpretation of the film text, as well as methods of quantitative calculation. The original film texts of Q. Tarantino’s English-language films “Pulp Fiction”, “Inglourious Basterds”, “The Hateful Eight” and “Once Upon a Time in ... Hollywood” and their translations into the Russian language have served as the material for the study. The authors analyze the film dialogues and films by Q. Tarantino as the main means of nonverbal and verbal representation of his idiostyle. It is argued that the films by Q. Tarantino are a significant example for the study of some aspects of translation reception into the Russian language due to the presence of a large layer of intertextual component in these works. It is emphasized that the interpretation of a literary text involves projecting the translator’s worldview onto the conceptual sphere of the translated work, as a result of which the latter becomes a co-author of the script. After analyzing the empirical material, the authors conclude that, regardless of the time of the release of the film, translators most often resort to such translation methods, as direct translation, modulation and addition, broadcasting numerous lexical, stylistic and pragmatic-semantic features of Q. Tarantino’s film discourse. Thanks to the development of information and telecommunication technologies and as translators gain more access to information, there are opportunities for improving the quality of translations due to the expansion of background knowledge in the field of pop-cultural and historical realia of the original linguaculture, actualized in the original film discourse.

Grammatika o'qitishda induktiv usulning ahamiyati

Grammar plays an important role in teaching foreign languages. In the near past, teaching grammar was seen as the basic way of acquiring foreign language especially at schools. This field was taught mostly using GTM (Grammar Translation Method) by the teachers. If we look at recent years, we can see that Grammar structures were presented directly in textbooks so that the learners obtained the rules of language first before using it in their speech. However, today new updated teaching process requires the teachers to come up with the new strategies in teaching foreign language grammar. In this way the two fundamental approaches are revealed in teaching process, inductive approach and deductive approach. This scientific article defines these approaches throughly and outlines the influence of inductive approach in FLT, namely, to presenting grammar.

A Study of Communication Miscarriage in News Translations

Translation of messages from one language to another has been a daunting task to translators. There has been observed problems in communicating messages through translation especially from English to Hausa on the broadcast media in Sokoto, Nigeria where the electronic media (radio and television) mostly use the two languages to transmit messages to diverse audiences. Such audiences rely heavily on the translated news messages to respond to certain issues contained in the messages. The aim of this paper is to study some English-Hausa news translations on the Rima Radio Sokoto medium. The objectives are to: determine whether or not there is communication miscarriage in news translation in the radio medium, examine the nature of the translation in the medium, and determine how translation errors if any, can be addressed. Qualitative research method was employed via identification, description and interpretation of ten (10) extracts of news translation from English into Hausa, which form the data for the study. Among the findings of the study were that: there were numerous errors in the translation as identified in the data analysed and that, the errors identified were those of misrepresentation of forms, poor vocabulary and use of direct translation method where it was inappropriate. From the findings, it was recommended that the errors of communication miscarriage can be addressed through training and retraining of translators. It can therefore, be concluded that application of various theoretical concepts to the study of translation appears relevant in assessing translation as well as in carrying out better translation of messages to avoid communication miscarriage.

Platforming Effect in Rendering Culturonyms` Coinage at the Expert Translation and Interpreting Level in International Activities

The given paper views the impact of the process of platforming and digital translation platforms (DTP) on the rendering of cultural meaning in the dialogue of cultures at the expert translation and interpreting level. The main topic is the problem of finding mechanisms for preventing loss and distortion of the meaning of key cultural concepts in the digital age. The authors aim at analyzing methods of adequate translation and interpreting of the interlinguistic meaning of culturonyms (key cultural concepts) as influenced by platforming processes and DTP use, and their unambiguous understanding by representatives of foreign-language culture, including these interpretations in the dictionary-manual elaborated by the authors. The issue in question is the inclusion into the dictionary-manual the adequate translation determining interlanguage correlation, new culturonyms,unknown cultural meanings, and revealing and describing hidden meanings of English and Russian culture-specific elements and idioms. The authors applied a culturally oriented approach to translation and interpreting that has showed the diversity and cultural value of culturerelated codes. The cultural analysis has indicated most significant culturonyms. The authors have systematized examples of the use of cultural concepts and their translation into Russian in the word entries within the dictionary-manual, which now comprises 151 word entries. A contrastive analysis of nonequivalent lexis has revealed lacunae and non-included meanings in both printed and electronic dictionaries. The heuristic method has been used to create open-type heuristic translation tasks. The authors have received practical approval of the results. The empirical research method was used to analyze digitalization processes and assess the suitable DTP for the research purposes. The dictionary proposed herein is of theoretical and practical significance in new understanding of culturonyms, training foreign affairs specialists, and may be used in teaching translation and interpreting in higher school linguistic and cultural studies, creative education, as well as in business consulting for international companies.

SOME ASPECTS OF THE TRANSLATION OF MOROCCAN ETHNOGRAPHIC REALITIES FROM FRENCH INTO RUSSIAN

Problem Statement. French is present in a different status in most African states, often serving as an intermediary language between the local culture and the rest of the world and in close linguistic contact with local dialects, their vocabulary and realities. In Morocco it is enriched with neologisms reflecting the country's colorful, diverse and vibrant culture, including cooking traditions. Moroccan cuisine is considered one of the richest and most original in the world. It attracts a huge number of tourists, cooking enthusiasts and professionals. There is a need to consider and analyze the peculiarities of translation from French into Russian of Moroccan culinary content representing cultural and ethnographic realities. Research results. The study showed that when translating reality words, the predominant translation method depends on the format of the content and consideration of the target audience. This approach is relevant for all types of translation, more so for translations of menus or recipes intended for restaurant customers who need to have a choice of dishes. A special approach is required to translate content for novice cooks who must prepare a dish according to a recipe without any problems, with information on weight measures used for dosing ingredients, names of utensils, traditional cooking methods. It is useful to check the composition of the dish and see how it looks and how it is cooked. The difficulty of this type of translation also lies in the understanding that these ethnographic realities are foreign to the Russian and French language. Conclusion. You need to be clear about what the translation is for: a brief menu caption, a detailed recipe, a blog, a cooking show, or it is an ethnographic description or linguistic study. Using different translation strategies and their combinations, original solutions can serve a commercial purpose and will be demanded by the client. Despite the different translation strategies in each case, it is important for a professional translator working with gastronomic content to know the history of the region and the culture, to search specialized websites and cookbooks. The cultural approach to translation is a modern trend, as well as an opportunity to get to know new countries and traditions.

TEACHER’S STRATEGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL FOR AUTONOMOUS LEARNERS (A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS IN PENANG - MALAYSIA)

This study was carried out to investigate strategies used by the teacher in teaching English, speaking competency, for autonomous learners at English Academy Bengkulu Malaysia, an English class program for Indonesian migrant workers. Specifically, it was conducted to identify whether the strategies were proper to be applied in teaching students whose profession as migrant workers. The qualitative method and case study approached were applied in conducting this research. Thirty workers and a teacher were selected as the participants. A series of interview, classroom observations, and video- recordings are done by the researchers to collect the data. Then they were analysed by using Miles and Huberman’s framework of qualitative analysis. The result of the study shows that to arrange proper strategies in teaching Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia, teacher had to understand their characteristic first. In this study, the researchers found that most of the students had the characteristics of autonomous learners as follows; responsive [AL-BR], independent [AL-BI], well- motivated [AL-BWM], and self-aware [AL-BSA]. Based on these four characteristics, the teacher was able to arrange the strategies that proper to be practiced in the classroom. The strategies used by the teacher in teaching English speaking skill for Indonesian migrant workers were interactive techniques, grammar translation method, cooperative learning, direct instruction, and diary- writing. Students' activities in class as a result of the teacher's strategies were related to and consistent with the teacher's beliefs about autonomous learners and their characteristics. In other words, the strategies are effective, compelling, and appropriate for use in a class with autonomous learners.

Unpacking the 4C's: Evaluating the Integration of 21st Century Skills in Pakistan's New Undergraduate Curriculum

This article presents a critical review of the recent undergraduate curriculum reform in higher education in Pakistan, focusing specifically on the integration of 21st-century skills into the new curriculum. This initiative emphasizes the 4C skills—critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration—as central to the revamped courses. The article explores the effectiveness and potential impact of incorporating these 21st-century skills into the curriculum, as well as the challenges that may arise during their practical, on-the-ground implementation. Diverging significantly from Pakistan's traditional English as a Foreign Language teaching model, which is largely based on the grammar translation method within a teacher-centric, delivery-based classroom, the new courses adopt a Project-Based Learning (PBL) approach. This approach aims to prepare students for effective participation in today's world by engaging them in authentic language use and project-based activities. The review examines the integration of the 4C skills into the curriculum and compares this with global contexts reported in current research literature to identify common difficulties. Overall, this review contributes to the critical research literature on educational reform in language education at the tertiary level, providing insights into the potential benefits and significant challenges of implementing a curriculum that includes the 4C skills.