Stability Of Method Research Articles

New method for stability of probabilistic Boolean networks with inequality constraints

This paper studies the stability of probabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs) with state inequality constraints by establishing a new algebraic representation. On one hand, combining with the semi-tensor product (STP) of matrices and the law of total expectation, the algebraic representation of PBNs is established. On the other hand, based on the STP of matrices, an algorithm is proposed to determine the solution set of the state inequality constraints. Then, based on the algebraic representation and the inequality constrained solution set, a new form of transition probability matrix is constructed for PBNs. Finally, by the proposed transition probability matrix, new criteria are proposed for the finite-time stability with positive probability of PBNs. Several simulation examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.

KAJIAN RENCANA TATA RUANG WILAYAH BERDASARKAN RISIKO BENCANA GEMPA BUMI DI KOTA JAYAPURA

A study has been conducted on the typology of earthquake disaster-prone areas in the city of Jayapura and the suitability of Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW) for land use capacity in the city of Jayapura. The study onearthquake disaster-prone area typology aims to determine the distribution of stability levels of the area againstthe risk of earthquakes. This study employs a weighting matrix method for area stability based on the Minister ofPublic Works Regulation No. 21 of 2007 concerning Guidelines for Spatial Planning of Volcanic Eruption andEarthquake-Prone Areas (Department of Public Works, 2007). The research results indicate that the final score forthe city of Jayapura is between 30 - 45, which falls into all stability categories: stable and less stable. Thepercentage of area for each category is 97.81% for Stable Type A, 1.91% for Stable Type B, and 0.28% for LessStable Type C. The typology of earthquake disaster-prone areas in Jayapura based on stability scores falls intocategories A, B, and C. The study on the suitability of the Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW) for 2013-2033 with the land usecapacity in Jayapura was assessed by scoring data on land capacity and land use, followed by an overlay analysis.This resulted in a land capacity suitable for development of 57,039.39 hectares, or about 60.48% of the study area,while approximately 37,272.96 hectares, or around 39.52%, were deemed unsuitable.

Role of t-ZrO2 stabilization methods in phase composition, structure and properties of ZTA ceramics

Role of t-ZrO2 stabilization methods in phase composition, structure and properties of ZTA ceramics

Development of a control algorithm for a boost converter with the possibility of dynamic correction of control system parameters

RELEVANCE of the study lies in the development of an algorithm for controlling a DC voltage converter capable of providing a high-quality transient process with a wide change in the input parameters of the control object, affecting its nonlinear properties. purpose. THE PURPOSE. To consider methods for the development of continuous and discrete control systems for a step-up DC voltage converter and to obtain an analytical dependence of accounting for the nonlinear properties of the converter that affect the quality of regulation of the output voltage of the voltage stabilizer METHODS. The method of the average geometric root was chosen as a method for calculating the coefficients of the DC voltage converter control system, and the current circuit is adjusted using the technical optimum method, and the voltage circuit using the symmetric optimum method. The obtained analytical solutions of mathematical models and simulation models were compared in the SimInTech software environment. results. RESULTS. The simulation results show that the analytical solution of the mathematical model of the voltage stabilization system has a shorter transition time than the simulation results. This is due to the fact that in the mathematical model according to which the continuous control algorithm was synthesized, the presence of a power input filter, as well as the degree of their precharge, is not taken into account. Because of this, the transition time on simulation models is slower, applied 4 times than in the mathematical model. conclusion. CONCLUSION. When comparing the algorithms with each other, it can be seen that the algorithm obtained by converting a continuous algorithm by the Tusten method has the shortest transition time than all other algorithms. The continuous algorithm and the algorithm obtained by the inverse Euler transformation method have a speed close to each other, and the algorithm obtained by the direct Euler transformation turns out to be the slowest.

Stabilization strategy of normal and chrome tanning effluent mixed subsoil: a novelty to enhance the soil characteristics

Soil stabilisation is a unique method to effectively and accurately find a solution to the issues caused by loose subsoil. This research investigates the problems of uncontrolled industrial effluent disposal, mainly from tannery enterprises, which presents severe environmental problems in emerging nations due to soil properties changing and large regions being unfit for cultivation and human habitation. The study uses Atterberg's limits, sieve analysis, and direct shear testing to examine the effects of untreated tannery effluents on soil parameters. The findings show that the soil's shear strength, moisture content, and flexibility have all significantly decreased. Lime and waste stone powder were added to lessen these impacts, and this improved soil stability was shown by an increase in the values of all the variables. For efficient soil remediation, the study suggests using waste stone powder and lime in the following proportions: 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%. Combining lime stabilisation methods with industrial by-products like slag and fly ash opens up new possibilities for enhancing the geotechnical characteristics of polluted soils. This study emphasises how important it is to use customised geotechnical design techniques to handle soil contamination issues in infrastructure and foundation projects, especially in areas where the leather industry predominates.

Evaluation of a novel robotic testing method for stability and kinematics of total knee arthroplasty.

This work developed a novel preclinical test of total knee replacements (TKRs) in order to explain TKR instability linked to patient dissatisfaction. It was hypothesized that stability tests on the isolated moving prostheses would provide novel comparative data on the stability and kinematics among TKR designs. Three TKR designs, DePuy Synthes Attune MS, Stryker Triathlon and Zimmer Biomet Persona MC, were assessed using a robotic arm while flexing-extending 0-140°. Tests imposed 710 N body weight combined with three tibial loads: no anterior-posterior (AP) force, 90 N anterior or 90 N posterior force. Other load effects were minimized and the kinematics was recorded. Each implant was tested six times to investigate the repeatability of the method. Data were analysed using statistical parametric mapping with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). If significance was found (p < 0.05), post hoc t tests with Bonferroni correction were used to contrast groups. Significant differences were found throughout flexion-extension. Femoral rollback, AP stability, coupled internal-external rotation and AP position (roll-back) were all influenced by implant design. AP stability of the TKRs reduced with flexion reaching Attune 15 mm, Persona 13 mm and Triathlon 21 mm at 140° flexion. Tractive rolling significantly affected kinematics in the less congruent Triathlon design, with 6 mm different paths between flexion and extension motion (p < 0.05 across 5-100°). Paradoxical anterior femoral sliding in early flexion (0-40°) occurred in Persona and Triathlon designs. The novel testing technique provides, for the first time, comparative data on the inherent stability and kinematics of the TKR implants themselves across the arc of flexion-extension, independent of variables including soft tissue behaviour and surgical technique. The data show how much each prosthesis can contribute to the stability and motion of the implanted knee. Similar data from a wider range of designs will enable more informed decisions regarding implant design choice, aiming to reduce the prevalence of TKR instability in patients. Controlled laboratory study.

Evaluation of the incorporation of artisanal lime into the composition of stabilized earth blocks

This study evaluates the incorporation of artisanal lime into the composition of Stabilized Earth Blocks (SEB) to enhance local materials and minimize the use of cement. The objective is to develop a sustainable approach that utilizes available resources while meeting construction needs. The physico-mechanical behavior of the SEB was examined through a mixed chemical stabilization method (cement/lime), gradually replacing cement with artisanal lime. The main parameters analyzed include the replacement rate and the nature of the stabilizer, allowing for an in-depth understanding of the effects of this integration. The results indicate that replacing 12.5% of the cement with artisanal lime improves the long-term physico-mechanical properties of the SEB, particularly in terms of density, absorption, porosity, as well as compressive and flexural strength. Furthermore, this approach supports the transition towards more environmentally friendly construction practices. Additionally, the study includes a comparison of the results obtained using industrial lime, thus reinforcing the relevance of using lime in construction.

Existence of traversable wormholes in the minimally coupled gravity model

The objective of this study is to examine the possible existence of traversable wormhole geometries within the context of [Formula: see text] gravity. To meet this objective, we employ the Karmarkar condition to construct the shape function that aids in identifying the wormhole configurations. This developed function is found to satisfy the essential conditions and provides a link between two asymptotically flat spacetime regions. We then assume the Morris–Thorne line element that expresses the wormhole configuration and formulate the anisotropic gravitational equations for a particular minimal matter-spacetime coupled model of the modified theory. Afterward, we develop three solutions and determine their viability by analyzing whether they violate the null energy conditions. Different stability methods are applied to the resulting geometries to explore the acceptance of the considered modified model. We conclude that the developed wormhole structures potentially fulfill the required criteria and thus exist in this modified gravity under all choices of the matter Lagrangian density.

Does cranial cruciate ligament repair by tibial plateau leveling osteotomy surgery restore dog’s natural kinematics? – A case series

Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) serves as an effective method of functional stabilization for treating cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficiency. It is not clear if TPLO could restore the natural kinematics of the stifle, hip, and tarsal joints of the affected limb during walking. The hind limb motion between TPLO cases and control groups in eight adult dogs (4 French Bulldogs and 4 Pit Bull Terrier) was recorded by a motion capture system. Three-dimensional (3D) angular motions of the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints—including flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and rotations—were computed and compared. Significant differences in joint kinematics were observed between TPLO cases and controls. In Case 1, the TPLO case in the French Bulldog showed differences in hip, stifle, and tarsal flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and internal-external rotation. Asymmetries between affected and unaffected limbs were also detected in hip and stifle motions (up to 43° in some cases). Similar patterns of differences were found in Pit Bull Terriers Case 2 and Case 3, with significant variations in hip, stifle, and tarsal movements. Case 3 did not show hip asymmetries, but notable stifle and tarsal asymmetries were observed. The general daily activity performance for French Bulldogs and Pit Bull Terriers that underwent TPLO procedures was positive. The general daily restricted activity performance for the French Bulldog and Pit Bull Terriers that underwent TPLO procedures was positive. Our findings suggested that natural hind limb kinematics during gait was not restored in TPLO hind limb cases in both breeds.

A local differential quadrature method for the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger (GNLS) equation

A local differential quadrature method based on Fourier series expansion numerically solves the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation. For time integration, a Runge-Kutta fourth-order method is used. Matrix stability analysis is used to examine the method's stability. Three test problems involving the motion of a single solitary wave, the interaction of two solitary waves, and a solution that blows up in finite time, respectively, demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the provided method. Finally, the numerical results obtained from the presented method are compared with the exact solution and those obtained in earlier works available in the literature.

Effect of supercritical CO2 extraction as pretreatment to obtain C-phycocyanin from spirulina (Arthrospira maxima)

C-phycocyanin (CPC) is a phycobiliprotein present in spirulina, which, due to its blue color, non-toxic nature, fluorescent and antioxidant properties, is of interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Different methods of extraction and stabilization are being investigated, including supercritical CO2 extraction, a method applied to obtain bioactive compounds from plant matrices. In this work, the effect of applying supercritical CO2 as pretreatment for the extraction of CPC at different parameters (pressure, temperature, use of cosolvent) was evaluated. Best pretreatment conditions to obtain the highest purity were at 17 MPa and 45 °C, considering it reagent grade. When comparing UV and FTIR spectra of the raffinates, a similarity was obtained with the analytical standard, with the presence of a band at 620 nm in UV and for FTIR a band at 1650 and 1540 cm−1 that corresponds to amide I and amide II, corroborating their presence and the structural characteristics.

Differentiated approach to the treatment of femoral fractures in children 0–7 years old using osteosynthesis with flexible titanium rods

Background. Fractures of the femur, especially its diaphysis, are quite common in pediatric practice. One of the priorities in the treatment of hip fractures in children is elastic stable intramedullary osteosynthesis with flexible titanium rods (ESIN/TEN), however, the frequency of using conservative methods also remains high. Aim. To differentiate the approach to the treatment of femoral fractures in children aged 0–7 years. Materials and methods. The immediate results of treatment of femoral fractures in 118 children aged 0 to 7 years (mean age 3.3±1.8 years) were studied. The main group consisted of 62 children who underwent surgical treatment of diaphyseal femoral fractures, while ESIN osteosynthesis was performed in 56 patients. The reference group was formed by a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 56 children who received conservative treatment of hip fractures. Results. Compared with conservative methods, with ESIN, the overall rate of early complications (skin reaction) was significantly lower, there were no complications from the internal organs (kidneys, lungs), and there were 3 (4.8%) cases of fixative migration. The severity of pain after 3 weeks from the start of treatment in the main group decreased to 2.4±0.1 points (mild pain), and in the reference group – to 4.5±0.3 points (moderate pain; p=0.013). The average length of stay of patients in the hospital in the main group was 7.3±2.4 days, in the reference group – 21.2±5.9 days (p=0.008). Conclusion. ESIN is the optimal method of stabilization for diaphyseal fractures of the femur in children aged 0 to 7 years. The advantages of ESIN over conservative methods are lower morbidity, greater pain relief, and shorter hospital stays for children.

C1-ring оsteosynthesis as a functionally preserving operation for unstable atlas fractures

Objective. To analyze the dynamics of pain syndrome, quality of life and functional status of patients with unstable atlas fractures after C1-ring osteosynthesis.Material and Methods. Study design: observational retrospective case series study (n = 15). The intensity of pain syndrome was assessed using the VAS scale before surgery, 3 days, and 3 and 6 months after surgery. The quality of life was assessed using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) before surgery, and 3 and 6 months after surgery. Functional status, as well as cervical spine range of motion (head turn left/right, flexion/extension) was assessed 3 and 6 months after surgery. The integrity of the atlas bone ring and the degree of fusion after fixation were assessed using axial CT scans; and the lateral mass separation was assessed using frontal CT scans. The criterion for transverse ligament injury was a separation of lateral masses of more than 8.1 mm. Results. All patients had C1 fractures type 3B according to Gehweiler, out of them 7 patients (46.7 %) had traumatic injury to the atlas transverse ligament according to Dickman type 1, and 8 patients (53.3 according to Dickman type 2. The average age of patients was 40 years (12; 71), the male/female ratio was 2/1. In 7 patients (46.7 %), the cause of injury was diving, in 6 (40.0 %) it was a traffic accident, and in 2 (13.3 %) – a fall from a standing height. Observation of patients revealed a positive dynamics in the form of statistically significant regression of pain according to VAS before and 6 months after surgery from 6.8 (6.0; 8.0) to 1.0 (1.0; 0.0) points (Z = -3.434; p = 0.001). A positive trend was also noted in the form of a decrease in NDI scores and an improvement in the quality of life after 3 (Z = -3.411; p = 0.001) and 6 months after surgery (Z = -3.410; p = 0.001). The range of motion (turn left/right, flexion/extension) increased statistically significantly by the 6th month after C1-ring osteosynthesis, and its indicators were close to physiological ones. Postoperative CT scans showed positive dynamics in the form of statistically significant regression of the lateral mass separation from 10.4 mm (8.9; 11.4) to 2.2 mm (1.8; 2.6); Z = -3.408; p = 0.001. Complete fusion of the atlas fracture was observed after 12.5 months (8.5; 16.5).Conclusion. Isolated posterior osteosynthesis of the atlas ring for Gehweiler type 3B injury using a repositioning compression maneuver under distraction conditions is physiologically justified. It is a reliable method of stabilization, ensures the restoration of congruence and the entire range of motion in the atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial joints and stability of the occipital-atlantoaxial complex. This operation contributes to a considerable and long-term reduction in the intensity of pain syndrome and a significant improvement in the quality of life.

Comparative Study of Interfacial and Conventional Techniques for Nanosilica Incorporation in Natural Rubber Latex-Based Composites with Varied TEOS Content

This study investigates the preparation of natural rubber latex (NRL) composites with varying nanosilica contents of 5, 15, 30, and 45 phr, using both interfacial and conventional mixing techniques. Analysis focused on viscosity, plasticity, morphology, and FTIR spectra to evaluate the impact of these methods on composite properties. The interfacial techniquemaintained lower viscosity values, indicating better latex stability, and achieved higher silica yields and conversion rates (94 - 99%) at elevated TEOS contents. Plasticity analysis revealed that the interfacial method produced more uniform and stable plasticity values, suggesting improved resistance to oxidation and enhanced mechanical properties. SEM and FTIR analyses confirmed superior dispersion with the interfacial technique, especially at higher silica contents. These findings highlight the efficacy of the interfacial technique in optimizing the properties of NRL composites, making it a promising approach for advanced material applications. HIGHLIGHTS Analysis of interfacial and conventional mixing techniques reveals their impact on NRL composite properties, demonstrating the interfacial method's superior stability, silica dispersion, and enhanced mechanical properties. The interfacial method maintains lower, stable viscosity, prevents latex destabilization, achieves higher silica yields, and ensures economic and sustainable production of high-quality composites. SEM and FTIR analyses confirm better silica dispersion and morphology with the interfacial method, enhancing composite performance, durability, and informing industrial applications and future research directions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Thermodynamic Calculations of the Main Characteristics of the Combustion Process of Pyrotechnic Nitrate-Metallized Mixtures with Additives of Organic and Inorganic Substances under External Thermal Influences

The aim of the article is to determine the dependencies of the combustion product temperatures of four-component mixtures, the content of high-temperature condensate, and unoxidized metal on the excess oxidizer coefficient, the number of additives, and external pressure using thermodynamic calculations. Modern methods of physicochemical analysis (such as cinephotography and microcinephotography methods, X-ray analysis methods, non-contact and contact temperature measurement methods), nonlinear thermal conductivity and thermal stability methods, as well as mathematical and experimental-statistical modeling, were employed to investigate the influence of elevated heating temperatures (up to 800 K) and external pressures (up to 107 Pa) on the ignition and combustion processes of pyrotechnic products. Standard pyrotechnic equipment was used to test pyrotechnic product samples under specified conditions. Calculations based on models were conducted in real-time and dialog mode on computer devices that meet modern requirements for the use of specialized software. The results of thermodynamic calculations are presented for the dependencies of combustion product temperatures of multicomponent pyrotechnic mixtures based on powders of metal fuels (magnesium, aluminium), nitrate oxidizer (sodium nitrate), additives of organic and inorganic substances (paraffin, sodium fluoride), and the content of high-temperature condensate and unoxidized metal depending on the excess oxidizer coefficient α = 0.1…4.0, the amount of paraffin additive εp = 0…0.2, sodium fluoride additive εf = 0…0.06, and external pressure P = 105…107 Pa. Based on the obtained results of thermodynamic calculations, statistical models in the form of regression dependencies of the specified combustion characteristics on their technological parameters and external conditions have been developed. These models enable the determination of fire hazardous properties of mixtures in real-time dialog and PC-based scenarios, considering premature initiation of products based on them under external thermal actions.

Robust and stochastic sparse subspace clustering

Sparse subspace clustering (SSC) has been widely employed in machine learning and pattern recognition, but it still faces scalability challenges when dealing with large-scale datasets. Recently, stochastic SSC (SSSC) has emerged as an effective solution by leveraging the dropout technique. However, SSSC cannot robustly handle noise, especially non-Gaussian noise, leading to unsatisfactory clustering performance. To address the above issues, we propose a novel robust and stochastic method called stochastic sparse subspace clustering with the Huber function (S3CH). The key idea is to introduce the Huber surrogate to measure the loss of the stochastic self-expression framework, thus S3CH inherits the advantage of the stochastic framework for large-scale problems while mitigating sensitivity to non-Gaussian noise. In algorithms, an efficient proximal alternating minimization (PAM)-based optimization scheme is developed. In theory, the convergence of the generated sequence is rigorously proved. Extensive numerical experiments on synthetic and six real datasets validate the advantages of the proposed method in clustering accuracy, noise robustness, parameter sensitivity, post-hoc analysis, and model stability.

Effects of wheat germ treated with different stabilization methods on dough characteristics and steamed bread quality

In this study, different stabilization methods (hot air, microwave, high-pressure, water bath, atmospheric pressure, ultraviolet, and microwave coupled with high-pressure) were applied to wheat germ to explore their impacts on the dough characteristics and quality of the steamed bread end-product. The stabilized lipase activity for all treatment schemes ranged from 14.05-7.24 mg/g, with the ultraviolet treatment (14.05 mg/g) being the least effective and high-pressure treatment (7.24 mg/g) being the most effective. However, the addition of high-pressure treatment increased the β-sheets content of wheat germ in the dough to 27.74%, increased dough hardness, and decreased the specific volume of the steamed bread to 1.61 mL/g. Hot air treatment improved the structural stability of the wheat germ dough, and the α-helix content and disulfide bond content increased to 29.06% and 23.10 μmol/mg, respectively, with good fermentation characteristics. This study reveals the impact of stabilized wheat germ on the dough's processing characteristics and the bread's quality, providing solutions for wheat germ stabilization methods in industrial production.

Fluorescence labeling-based differential scanning fluorimetry, an effective method for protein thermal stability and protein-compound binding analysis

Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) is widely used to assess protein thermal stability and protein-ligand interaction. However, its utility is often limited by the presence of detergents, which can affect hydrophobic binding. To tackle this issue, we developed an effective fluorescence-labeled DSF (FL-DSF) technique that tracks protein denaturation by monitoring the labeling fluorescence decrease, thus overcoming challenges typically encountered with traditional DSF methods. In this research, FL-DSF was first validated using Peroxisome Proliferators-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ), Retinoid X Receptor α (RXRα), and Lysozyme, confirming its accuracy in determining melting curves. Expectedly, FL-DSF also exhibited strong compatibility with detergents in our investigations. Besides this, a new calculation method was proposed to characterize the protein denaturation process and evaluate protein-ligand binding. This mathematical model goes beyond traditional approaches, which simply treated the melting temperature (TM) shift as a concentration-dependent variable. Instead, it comprehensively incorporates the influence of irreversible denaturation-induced native protein loss on the equilibrium of protein-ligand binding. This methodology was successfully applied into the evaluation of binding affinity for 2 classical binding systems of PPARγ-Rosiglitazone and RXRα-CD3254. It was also utilized for the following binding screening studies, leading to the discovery of promising ligands for PPARγ, RXRα, and Lysozyme.

A Novel Method of Fixation and Stabilization of the Nasoendotracheal Tube for Maxillary Osteotomies: The Head Cap Technique.

To propose a novel technique of fixation and stabilization of the nasoendotracheal tube for maxillary osteotomies. The technique utilizes a flexible Portex north pole endotracheal tube size 6, elastic adhesive tape, a catheter mount and a head cap made of cloth in the fixation and stabilization of the nasoendotracheal tube for maxillary osteotomies. It is a simple method of fixation and stabilization of the nasoendotracheal tube, particularly for maxillary osteotomies that essentially eliminates distortion of the nasal, labial and perinasal areas and facilitates good nasolabial control during maxillary osteotomies. This technique is simple, safe and versatile and may be employed for maxillary osteotomies.

Phase-Trajectory Region Criterion and Quantitative Optimization Method for Numerical Stability in Power Electronic Simulation

Phase-Trajectory Region Criterion and Quantitative Optimization Method for Numerical Stability in Power Electronic Simulation