Site Selection Method Research Articles

Modelling agricultural land suitability for vegetable crops farming using RS and GIS in conjunction with bivariate techniques in the Uttar Dinajpur district of Eastern India

This study aims to evaluate agricultural land suitability for vegetable crop farming in the Uttar Dinajpur district. For performing the land suitability, the bivariate statistical techniques like frequency ratio, entropy index, and weights of evidence models are taken into consideration. Influencing parameters such as elevation, slope, geology, geomorphology, stream density, rainfall, aquifer type, geohazard, Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), groundwater level, soil type, topsoil depth, bulk density, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), nitrogen, soil pH, Organic Carbon Content (OCC), distance from Krishi Bazar, distance from the road, distance from the river were used. The estimated results show that 16.93% (531.949 sq. km) of the study district is highly suitable for vegetable cultivation, while 26.643% (873.116 sq. km) is moderately suitable, 20.380% (640.337 sq. km) of the geographical land is marginally suitable and 9.341% (293.488 sq. km) is very less suitable for vegetable farming. Models’ validation using the ROC curve resulted that the bivariate techniques like frequency ratio (0.927), entropy index (0.888), and weights of evidence (0.907) are highly effective methods for site selection for vegetable farming in the study region. The factors such as soil, rainfall, aquifer type, groundwater level, nitrogen, and distance from Krishi Bazaar are the most influencing parameters to perform the outcome.

Optimal site selection for the solar-wind hybrid renewable energy systems in Bangladesh using an integrated GIS-based BWM-fuzzy logic method

Solar-Wind Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (SWHRESs) provide more reliable and efficient power than single systems and are, therefore, regarded as a promising tool for achieving SDG 7. However, the performance of SWHRESs in large-scale implementations is highly subject to the site selection method, which is subsequently crucial to achieving the goals of the transition from fossil fuels and climate change mitigation. To address this issue, this paper, based on a case study in Bangladesh, proposes a GIS-based BWM-Fuzzy Logic Method to select optimal sites for SWHRESs. The results show that SWHRESs are preferable to wind and solar systems alone. Totals of 11% and 25% of the area were suitable and moderately suitable, respectively, for SWHRESs, and the most suitable area for installation was Chittagong. The most influential criteria are solar irradiation, elevation, distance to rivers and waterbodies. The results of three sets of sensitivity analysis have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed method, and the comparative study has further shown that the proposed method performs better than methods proposed in previous studies. Hence, this study has provided a powerful tool for supporting decision-making regarding SWHRESs, thus offering a useful tool for achieving SDG 7.

Say where you sample: Increasing site selection transparency in urban ecology

AbstractUrban ecological studies have the potential to expand our understanding of socioecological systems beyond that of an individual city or region. Cross‐comparative empirical work and synthesis are imperative to develop a general urban ecological theory. This can be achieved only if studies are replicable and generalizable. Transparency in methods reporting facilitates generalizability and replicability by documenting the decisions scientists make during the various steps of research design; this is particularly true for sampling design and selection because of their impact on both internal and external validity and the potential to unintentionally introduce bias. Three interdependent aspects of sample design are study sample selection (e.g., specific organisms, soils, or water), sample specification (measurement of specific variable of interest), and site selection (locations sampled). Of these, documentation of site selection—the where component of sample design—is underrepresented in the urban ecology literature. Using a stratified random sample of 158 papers from 12 major urban ecology journals, we investigated how researchers selected study sites in urban ecosystems and evaluated whether their site selection methods were transparent. We extracted data from these papers using a 50‐question, theory‐based questionnaire and a multiple‐reviewer approach. Our sample represented almost 45 years of urban ecology research across 40 different countries. We found that more than 80% of the papers we read were not transparent in their site selection methodology. We do not believe site selection methods are replicable for 70% of the papers read. Key weaknesses include incomplete descriptions of populations and sampling frames, urban gradients, sample selection methods, and property access. Low transparency in reporting the where methodology limits urban ecologists' ability to assess the internal and external validity of studies' findings and to replicate published studies; it also limits the generalizability of existing studies. The challenges of low transparency are particularly relevant in urban ecology, a field where standard protocols for site selection and delineation are still being developed. These limitations interfere with the fields' ability to build theory and inform policy. We conclude by offering a set of recommendations to increase transparency, replicability, and generalizability.

Carbonyl Allylation and Crotylation: Historical Perspective, Relevance to Polyketide Synthesis, and Evolution of Enantioselective Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogen Auto-Transfer Processes.

The evolution of methods for carbonyl allylation and crotylation of alcohol proelectrophiles culminating in the design of iodide-bound ruthenium-JOSIPHOS catalysts is prefaced by a brief historical perspective on asymmetric carbonyl allylation and its relevance to polyketide construction. Using gaseous allene or butadiene as precursors to allyl- or crotylruthenium nucleophiles, respectively, new capabilities for carbonyl allylation and crotylation have been unlocked, including stereo- and site-selective methods for the allylation and crotylation of 1,3-diols and related polyols.

Assessing the Relative and Combined Effects of Network, Demographic, and Suitability Patterns on Retail Store Sales

Despite challenges associated with acquiring proprietary sales data, there exists a wealth of literature using different types of data (e.g., spending, demographic, geographic) to understand or represent different drivers of retail store sales. We contribute to the spatial analysis of drivers of retail store sales by analyzing the relative influence of road networks, demographic, and suitability variables on retail store sales within the home-improvement sector. Results demonstrate that the inclusion of variables describing the road network pattern is more influential in predicting store sales than demographic and suitability variables with linear models (e.g., ordinary- and partial-least squares regression) as well as with a non-linear mathematical model derived using artificial intelligence. The analysis builds on previous research estimating consumer spending and a big-data suitability analysis for site selection that incorporates spatial interaction models, location quotient, and other unique criteria that are typically used in isolation. The overarching contribution of our results is the demonstration that network patterns can play a critical role in retail store sales, especially when regressions, analogs, and other simple methods for site selection are used.

Method for site selection of relief supply warehouses in earthquakes with Ms ≥ 7—a case study of western Yunnan, China

Relief supply warehouses are material warehouses built to cope with natural disasters and guarantee the supply of life necessities. Great earthquakes (with Ms ≥ 7) are overwhelming natural disasters beyond human control. The efficiency in rescuing earthquake victims depends on if the construction preparations of large relief supply warehouses have fully assessed the influence weights of the factors of large earthquake disasters. We innovatively proposes a method for selecting ideal site of relief supply warehouses in terms of seismic evaluation and the quantification of site selection criteria. We assess disaster-affected areas and screen the transport mode of relief supplies based on seismic prediction and remote sensing recognition, quantify and classify the site selection criteria of relief supply warehouses in China, and finally determine the ideal site. Taking a seismically-active region as a study case, we identify seven major disaster-affected areas, estimate the largest safe flight range (255 km) of a helicopter in post-earthquake transport of relief supplies, and pre-selecte 37 candidate sites. We suggest that the spatial distances between candidate sites and essential transport hubs (such as airports, railway stations, and highway entrances/exits) and the construction planning of the city are crucial indicators for the ideal site selection.

GIS-assisted modeling of wind farm site selection based on support vector regression

The optimal siting of wind farms is a multi-attribute problem, and different objectives and constraints like economic, environmental, social, and technical should be taken into account. The widely-used category of site selection methods, multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), suffers from local scoring despite its numerous advantages. In this paper, support vector regression (SVR) is implemented to add the global scoring capability to MCDM by using a global-scale span of decision criteria. Here, the weighting of the decision criteria is obtained by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and then an SVR is utilized to appoint a score to any candidate site location. The proposed procedure has been used to study potential wind sites in Iran. In this regard, the study was conducted through three scenarios based on the natural and artificial potential of candidate sites. This study reveals that there are several vast areas, especially in eastern Iran, having high wind power density and flat terrain that are ready to be utilized as an endless source of clean energy provided that proper investment is made in power transmission lines and road networks.

Environmental surveillance for Salmonella Typhi as a tool to estimate the incidence of typhoid fever in low-income populations.

Background: The World Health Organisation recommends prioritised use of recently prequalified typhoid conjugate vaccines in countries with the highest incidence of typhoid fever. However, representative typhoid surveillance data are lacking in many low-income countries because of the costs and challenges of diagnostic clinical microbiology. Environmental surveillance (ES) of Salmonella Typhi in sewage and wastewater using molecular methods may offer a low-cost alternative, but its performance in comparison with clinical surveillance has not been assessed. Methods: We developed a harmonised protocol for typhoid ES and its implementation in communities in India and Malawi where it will be compared with findings from hospital-based surveillance for typhoid fever. The protocol includes methods for ES site selection based on geospatial analysis, grab and trap sample collection at sewage and wastewater sites, and laboratory methods for sample processing, concentration and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Salmonella Typhi. The optimal locations for ES sites based on digital elevation models and mapping of sewage and river networks are described for each community and their suitability confirmed through field investigation. We will compare the prevalence and abundance of Salmonella Typhi in ES samples collected each month over a 12-month period to the incidence of blood culture confirmed typhoid cases recorded at referral hospitals serving the study areas. Conclusions: If environmental detection of Salmonella Typhi correlates with the incidence of typhoid fever estimated through clinical surveillance, typhoid ES may be a powerful and low-cost tool to estimate the local burden of typhoid fever and support the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines. Typhoid ES could also allow the impact of vaccination to be assessed and rapidly identify circulation of drug resistant strains.

FUNCIONALIZAÇÃO DE LIGAÇÕES C—H EM ESTÁGIO TARDIO EM SÍNTESE ORGÂNICA

LATE-STAGE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF C—H BONDS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. The development of new strategies for the functionalization of the historically inert C—H bond arises as an excellent way to create new carbon—carbon and carbon— heteroatom bonds. With increasingly chemo- and site-selective methods that enables the late-stage functionalization of C—H bonds, the modification of specific sites in natural products and pharmaceuticals without altering their scaffold emerges as a powerful means for the diversification of complex molecules. In this review, we will introduce concepts of late-stage modifications, the use of C—H bond functionalization to forge new carbon—carbon and carbon—heteroatom bonds using metal catalysis and photochemistry in simple examples and their applications in natural products and pharmaceuticals. The aim of the review is to update and display to the reader the contributions and implications of this methodology to organic synthesis.

An Improved Path Optimization Method of Logistics Site Selection for Agricultural Products

An Improved Path Optimization Method of Logistics Site Selection for Agricultural Products

Site-selection method of agricultural products logistics distribution centre based on blockchain

In order to overcome the problems of low on-time delivery rate and high distribution cost existing in the existing location methods of agricultural products logistics distribution centre, this paper proposes a new location method of agricultural products logistics distribution centre based on blockchain. Based on the analysis of the basic problems affecting the location of agricultural products logistics distribution centre, combined with the blockchain technology, the location model of agricultural products logistics distribution centre based on input-output ratio was constructed. Combining the idea of mountain climbing algorithm and particle swarm optimisation algorithm, the hybrid particle algorithm is used to solve the location model of agricultural products' logistics distribution centre, and the optimal location scheme is obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the on-time delivery rate, customer satisfaction, and reduce the logistics distribution costs. The maximum on-time delivery rate is 97.4%.

Site-selection method of agricultural products logistics distribution centre based on blockchain

Site-selection method of agricultural products logistics distribution centre based on blockchain

Evolutionary Multiobjective Site Selection of Xi’an Medical Emergency Material Warehouse Based on Multiple Memetic Directions

Due to the lack of medical materials in some emergency public events, for example, the outbreak of COVID-19, it is urgent to establish a medical emergency material warehouse. Taking Xi’an, China, as an example, this study aims to select suitable sites of Xi’an medical emergency material warehouse. In this study, the problem of site selection models as a multiobjective optimization problem. The coverage function and comprehensive efficiency function are designed as two conflicting objectives. Then, a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on multiple memetic direction is proposed to optimize the two objectives concurrently. The crossover and mutation operators are designed for evolutionary multiobjective site selection. The proposed crossover operator is able to balance the global and local search abilities, and the proposed mutation operator fuses the distribution information of hospital location, service population, and the overall coverage. Experiments on real dataset verify the superiority of the proposed evolutionary multiobjective site selection method.

An objective assignment method for siting new energy plants

This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making method for new energy power station site selection based on a fuzzy comprehensive analysis method. It is applied to make multi-criteria analysis decisions on the target location when selecting the address for building a new energy power station, to ensure the reasonableness of the corresponding weights of each index, and to give reasonable and scientific suggestions for decision-makers to obtain the expected results. We analyze the mechanism of the sequential relationship analysis method and fuzzy inverse entropy weighting method from the perspective of the index assignment method, and combine the two assignment methods by linear weighting, so as to lay the foundation for further construction of a multi-attribute hybrid index system with the coexistence of qualitative and quantitative indexes.

Bioaerosol dispersion and environmental risk simulation: Method and a case study for a biopharmaceutical plant of Gansu province, China

Pathogenic bacteria pose a great threat to global public health from environmental and public health perspectives, especially regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. As a result, the increased risk of pathogenic bioaerosol exposure imposes a considerable health burden and raises specific concerns about the layout and location of vaccine manufacturers. This study proposed a grid computing method based on the CALPUFF modelling system and population-based environmental risks to reduce bioaerosol-related potential risks. We previously used the CALPUFF model to quantify the diffusion level, the spatial distribution of emissions, and potential environmental risks of bioaerosol leakage in Gansu province's Zhongmu Lanzhou biopharmaceutical plant from July 24, 2019, to August 20, 2019. By combining it with publicly available test data, the credibility was confirmed. Based on our previous research, the CALPUFF model application combined with the environmental population-based environmental risks in two scenarios: the layout and site selection, was explored by using the leakage accident of Zhongmu Lanzhou biopharmaceutical plant of Gansu province as a case study. Our results showed that the site selection method of scenario 2 coupled with the buffer area was more reasonable than scenario 1, and the final layout site selection point of scenario 2 was grid 157 as the optimal layout point. The simulation results demonstrated agreement with the actual survey. Our findings could assist global bioaerosol manufacturers in developing appropriate layout and site selection strategies to reduce bioaerosol-related potential environmental risks.

Quantitative suitability evaluation and spatial zoning for seawater desalination water intake site selection

Seawater desalination water intake site selection has an important impact on the investment, water production cost, stable operation, and safety of seawater desalination plants. Site selection is affected by many factors, such as the natural geography, ecological environment, and social economy of coastal zones; some constraints can be directly identified as unsuitable areas for these construction projects. For the shallow water intake method of seawater desalination, this study selects suitability evaluation indicators for seawater desalination water intake site selection from the three influencing factors of basic geography, water environment, and industrial development and constructs a suitability evaluation model based on the multifactor spatial overlay analysis of the Geographic Information System platform. This model carries out a quantitative suitability evaluation of the seawater desalination water intake site selection and realizes the suitable spatial zoning for spatially selecting the water intake, thus forming a scientific, quantitative, and spatial suitability evaluation system for this process. The evaluation method was applied in the Rongcheng city offshore area of China and analyzed. The evaluation results showed that the suitable areas for seawater desalination water intake site selection comprised 304.8 square kilometers, which were mainly distributed in the offshore areas in northern Rongcheng city and near the coastline areas of its central and southern regions. The unsuitable areas covered 292.4 square kilometers, mainly distributed in the marine ecological red line areas and the coastal aquaculture areas of Rongcheng city. The evaluation results met the site selection needs of the seawater desalination water intake project in Rongcheng city. This study improves upon the existing method of seawater desalination intake site selection at the theoretical and technical levels and provides a scientific basis for the location selection and planning for water intake in large spatial ranges of coastal waters.

A new method for subsea tunnel site selection based on environmental bearing capacity.

Engineering site selection is an essential and systematic work in the early engineering construction stage. At present, the subsea tunnel site selection mainly depends on manual experience. There is still a lack of subsea tunnel site selection systems based on environmental impact. This study develops a comprehensive site selection evaluation system based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy evaluation method for the subsea tunnel site selection. It is a multi-indicator mathematical model evaluation system. On this basis, the ecological site selection method of the subsea tunnel is further studied, an indicator system for evaluating the environmental carrying capacity of the island is established, and the site selection results of the subsea tunnel based on the environmental indicators are obtained. We compared the site selection results of the two methods. The results show that the conventional method and the ecological site selection method based on environmental indicators can well carry out the site selection of subsea tunnels. The two methods take into account both the overall and local optimum of the subsea tunnel route and organically combine the overall and local objectives. This way provides a reference for the design and construction of the subsea tunnel in the future and points out the direction for the site selection of other large-scale projects with significant environmental impact.

Improved method and practice for site selection of underground gas storage under complex geological conditions

Increasing attention has been paid to the site selection of Underground Gas Storage (UGS) due to the growing demand for natural gas peak shaving. Existing studies have made a practical contribution to this field based on the multidimensional geological exploration data and the multi-criteria decision-making method. However, previous studies mainly focused on screening or ranking technologies with different principles, which means only the attributes of UGS in the design period were considered while the performance in the operation period was ignored. The operation plan and economic performance are considerable concerns to the UGS investors especially when this type of storage facility was unbundling from other sectors in natural gas companies. To solve the UGS site selection problems more comprehensively and practically, the geological conditions and the injection & extraction plan in the operation period are considered Simultaneously. A case from the S-X area in China indicates that: 1. The improved multi-period optimization model of the natural gas (NG) supply chain can obtain the injection and production plan of UGS which are the basic parameters for the economic analysis. 2. The top potential UGS estimated by geological conditions may take inferior performance in the operation stage (less peak shaving amount, low economic profits, and high freight of NG supply chain), so the UGS investors should consider the potential profits when the finished UGS is put into operation. The proposed framework can be a new theoretical guideline for the site selection problems of UGSs and can help UGS investors judge their investment.

Evaluation optimization method for site selection of urban emergency medical material distribution center

In order to solve the problems of long distribution time and small distribution coverage of urban emergency medical materials distribution centers, this paper constructs an nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ-based (NSGA-Ⅱ-based) optimal location model for the urban emergency medical material distribution center. Aiming at minimizing the cost of transportation and maximizing the coverage of the population and medical resources of the emergency material collection and distribution center to the adjacent areas, the model introduces a compromise fuzzy decision-making method for the overall location plan and establishes an improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy compromise decision evaluation model. The compromise fuzzy decision-making method is constructed to optimize the overall site selection decision-making. The feasibility of the model is verified by taking the location selection scheme of emergency medical materials collection and distribution in Gaocheng District of Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province as an example. The results show that the construction of seven centralized distribution centers can meet the needs of epidemic prevention and control in Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City. The construction and transportation costs are reduced. The average transportation time of the optimal scheme is 18.9 minutes and the proportion of travel time over 30 minutes driving is 13.3%, which are reduced by 49.1% and 80.0% respectively compared with the previous scheme. The research results can provide reference for the location plan of emergency collection and distribution center under urban public health emergencies.

Organic Base-Mediated Carboxylation of (Hetero)aromatic Compounds Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (scCO2)

AbstractA straightforward site-selective method for the direct carboxylation of resorcinols (3-hydroxyphenol derivatives), phenols, and indoles is reported. The products were obtained in moderate to high yields using supercritical carbon dioxide as an electrophile and solvent under basic conditions. This method offers solvent and metal free conditions without the cumbersome exclusion of air or water with convenient purification.