Data Gathering Methods Research Articles

Comparison of Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility, and Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy in Estimating In Situ Rumen Degradable Protein of Tropical Foliage

Tropical foliage is an alternative source for protein enrichment in the dairy ration. However, due to the expensive, laborious, and time-consuming data-gathering method, its degradability database for inclusion in ration formulation is still lacking. This study aims to estimate tropical foliage's in situ protein degradability (RDP) using chemical compositions, in vitro digestibilities, and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) methods. The study used one hundred ten tropical foliage samples and observed chemical composition, in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility, and in situ degradation characteristics variables. NIRS spectra were collected to calibrate and validate the in situ degradation characteristics. Correlations were made prior to regression analysis. The results showed that tropical foliage varied in ash (3.02%-18.3%), crude protein (CP) (11.6%-30.7%), crude fiber (CF) (10.2%-29.8%), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (31.0%-58.2%), acid detergent fiber (ADF) (18.7%-44.1%), dry matter digestibility (DMD) (23.9%-73.2%), organic matter digestibility (OMD) (25.6%-73.9%), and in situ RDP (21.0%-75.4%). The foliage was highly degraded (RDP > 60%) except for Calliandra calothyrsus (59%). In situ RDP significantly correlated with ash, CP, CF, DMD, and OMD with coefficient correlations (r) of 0.43, 0.60, -0.33, 0.74, and 0.76, respectively. Estimation of RDP using chemical composition and in vitro digestibility followed the equation: RDP (%)= 0.69 + 2.122 CP (%) with R²= 0.41 (p<0.01) and RDP (%)= 0.162 ash + 1.270 CP -0.104 CF + 0.489 IVOMD, with R²= 0.68, p<0.01). Calibration of NIRS using in situ RDP resulted in a regression coefficient (R²) of 0.78. It is concluded that RDP tropical foliage can be estimated more accurately using NIRS compared to in vitro digestibility and chemical composition.

PENGEMBANGAN LKPD BERBASIS PBL DENGAN LANGKAH POLYA UNTUK MEMBANTU SISWA MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH PROGRAM LINIER

This paper focuses on the development of valid, practicable, and effectively developed LKPD based on the PBL learning model and Polya's problem-solving steps. This research is a 4D model of R&amp;D with the implementation of definition, design, development, and dissemination stages. This research was implemented in a senior high school in Pemali Sub-district with the research subjects being six eleventh-grade students of the Social Studies-3 department for the small group trial and thirty-four eleventh-grade students of the Social Studies-4 department for the large group trial. The method of data gathering used was by conducting interviews, completing questionnaires, and taking written tests. The techniques of data analyzed were descriptively qualitative for the interviews and measurable quantitative for the questionnaires and written tests. The outcome of the data analysis revealed that the LKPD's average validity was 86.67 points with the most highly valid criteria, the practice of LKPD was 89.17 points with the most practical criteria, and the average normalized gain value (N-gain) of LKPD was 0.55 points with the interpretation of the medium effectiveness. In conclusion, PBL-based LKPD with the steps of Polya meets the criteria for developing teaching materials and can help students in solving Linear Program problems.

The Regulation of Foreign Workers as Technology and Knowledge Transfer

The regulation of using foreign employees as a tool for technology and knowledge transfer, roadblocks that arise while implementing technology and knowledge transfer, and government initiatives to promote the quickening of technology and knowledge transfer are all examined in this study. This study is a normative legal investigation. Legal main and secondary sources are examples of primary data. The method for gathering data was a literature review, which involved reading books, looking over rules and regulations, and looking over other relevant research findings. The findings of this study suggest that Indonesia's laws governing the employment of foreign workers have not explicitly restricted the means through which technology can be transferred through foreign workers.

Distance Learning: Current Issues and Challenges

Education that is delivered virtually, with neither the teacher nor the pupils physically present, is referred to as "distance learning. Although the terms "Distance Learning" and "E-learning" are frequently used interchangeably, they refer to two different concepts. The main difference between e-learning and distance learning is location. With e-learning, students can be together in a classroom while going through their digital lessons and assessments. Distance learning, on the other hand, can be done online and from the student’s home. The contact between teachers and students will vary as a result of the diversity in settings. This study employs a descriptive qualitative research methodology that depicts the scenario as it relates to an indicator or the current status of the findings in the field. A qualitative research process is one that generates descriptive data from people or observed behaviors as written or spoken words. In this study, the methods for gathering data and information were interviewing, and documenting studies of the necessary data sources. We come to the conclusion that the following needs will be met by this method of DLS improvement: (1) Improving the mapping between academia and industry; (2) Assist in keeping the skilled workers in the sector; (3) Bringing remote sector workers into the industrial job market on an equal footing with those who live in cities and towns and (4) Assist in the nation's development of an educated and cultural society.

The Analysis of The Influence Work Experience and Work Culture on Performance of Islamic School Teachers.

This form of investigation employs a quantitative methodology. The method of gathering data takes the form of a survey. The participants in the study were educators, with a total of 20 teachers. The findings of the analysis indicated that the workplace culture has a noteworthy impact on teacher performance, accounting for 35.3%. Conversely, work experience was found to have no significant effect on teacher performance, contributing only 72%. It is important to note that to acquire good work experience, a teacher must possess the necessary skills and knowledge. The research also revealed that there is a significant correlation between work culture and work experience on teacher performance, contributing 35.8%. To enhance teacher performance, it is recommended that teachers cultivate a sense of enthusiasm and dedication when implementing the established school culture and acquire knowledge that aligns with their educational background

Managing external stakeholders influences in mega construction projects

Mega construction projects have been a vital source of interest among different external stakeholders due to its complex nature. Although, the internal stakeholders are more concerned about a project, external stakeholders have a higher potential to influence mega construction projects by employing different strategies during the project life cycle. This has become a key issue for project owner since it leads to project suspension, delays, and cost overruns, which eventually leads to technical and internal project-related concerns. To achieve the research goal, a multiple case design was used, with two rounds of data-gathering methods comprising a desktop study and semi-structured interviews. Thirteen external stakeholder groups were identified. The outcomes of this research demonstrated that a diverse variety of external stakeholders arose among local governments, national governments, social and professional organisations, and political organisations are all common stakeholders in mega construction projects. Some stakeholders are particular to a project. Moreover, it is a significant fact that the project owner has the potential to successfully mitigate external influences without making many changes to the project scope. Thus, this article discussed external stakeholders’ impacts on mega construction projects throughout the project life cycle, as well as mitigation steps taken by project owners.

The evolution of student entrepreneurship: State of the art and emerging research direction

In the knowledge society, universities are asked to contribute to regional development and economic growth through the direct exploitation of research products and, indirectly, through enhancing entrepreneurial awareness in students. Student entrepreneurship (SE) gained increasing relevance among scholars that suggest more research is needed and identify student entrepreneurship as an emerging and growing phenomenon. In this paper, we present the results of a systematization of the current literature to define the state of the art and identify possible new research directions, analyzing 288 published articles in the main International Entrepreneurship and Management Journals and the main journals in Education and Management Business Accounting subject area. The results are presented in two macro sections. The first one is related to the corpus overview and bibliometrics which explores articles by evolution on time, author, citation analysis, and journals. The second section will involve a content analysis that highlights the main issues that emerge from the analysis of the papers, such as the most frequently used theories, data gathering methodologies and methods and mechanisms adopted by universities to support and promote SE. We are confident that these topic areas will significantly help any researcher approaching the study of SE by offering an overview of the different sub-fields in this area. Our work offers suggestions to management educators and business schools administrators to identify new ways to support student entrepreneurs by enhancing their entrepreneurial activities, and institutional leader to rethink policies that encourage entrepreneurship among students.

The Role of Quality of Work Life on Employee Engagement with Work Environment as a Moderating Variable

Companies involved in the construction sector also frequently encounter issues related to human resources (HR). Construction companies are industries engaged in the provision of facilities and infrastructure for the benefit of the community, subject to local government regulations. Construction projects have unique characteristics because their outcomes are not repetitive, they are temporary in nature, involve work accidents, are dominated by physical activity, and involve multiple elements of activity and parties involved in the implementation process. This creates a vulnerability to various obstacles. The purpose of this study is to look into the impact of work-life quality on employee engagement among construction workers in Karawang, with the work environment acting as a moderating factor. This study's data gathering method included the use of instruments in the form of employee engagement, quality of work life, and work environment measures. The hypothesis in this study was tested using Moderated Regression Analysis. The results of the analysis suggest a considerable positive association between the quality of work life and employee engagement among Karawang construction workers, with a correlation coefficient of rxy = 0.761 and a significant value of p = &lt;0.001 (p&lt;0.05). The moderation analysis results show that there is no connection between work life quality and work environment. This implies that the work environment is unable to operate as a mediator between work-life quality and employee engagement.

Kreativitas dan Inovasi Terhadap Peningkatan Volume Penjualan di Masa Pandemi

The impact of the crisis due to the pandemic can be felt by all industrial sectors, including the franchise industry, where business actors are required to be able to adapt, innovate and collaborate in order to develop and survive during a pandemic. This study aims to determine the effect of creativity and innovation on increasing sales volume at CV. Surabaya Entrepreneurial Spirit during a pandemic. The research method used is a quantitative method with data collection techniques using observation and questionnaires that have a relationship with the subject matter. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling in order to obtain 34 respondents as a sample. The following methods of data analysis were used: T and F tests with a significance level of 5% using the SPSS 25 program, Data Validity Test, Reliability Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, and Classical Assumptions Analysis. The use of secondary data gathering methods, such as observation and documentation, along with a literature evaluation can strengthen the primary data used in this study. The findings demonstrated that during a pandemic, CV. Entrepreneurial Spirit saw an increase in sales volume that was both positive and significant as a result of both creativity and innovation. The significant number that results from the value of fcount &gt; ftable, or 3.464 &gt; 3.304, is 0.044 0.05. Innovation and creativity are two interrelated parts that cannot be separated. Many businesses around the world have found success because of their inventiveness in developing new products, including both goods and services. Because without innovation to make it happen so that it becomes something new, ideas or creativity alone are insufficient. Conversely, creativity without innovation will not be able to compete in the current sectors.

Prototipe Rancangan Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar

In this paper, the process for creating high-quality prototypes for teaching mathematics in elementary schools is explained. Research and development is the method of research employed (R&amp;D). Using Sugiyono's six development phases, which are: 1) potential and problems, 2) data collecting, 3) product design, 4) design validation, 5) design modification, and 6) product trials, the prototype was created. Both questionnaires and interviews were utilized as data gathering methods. Following the distribution of a questionnaire to 27 SD grade 15 students, the researcher discovered that 60% of the students had trouble comprehending fractional information. These findings inspired the researcher to connect the fractions-related material to the music. Experts and practitioners certify prototypes. It's worth evaluating because the three validators' combined average score falls into the "very good" range, which is 3.5. Researchers only tested 27 elementary school kids in the fourth grade. The evaluation's findings showed that 90.9% of pupils achieved scores in addition and subtraction of whole numbers that were higher than the KKM. According to the findings of reflection, children are content to learn fractional concepts using song media. The fractional materials' thematic learning design, which incorporates song media, meets the very good standards and is suitable for students' comprehension. Included in line with excellent standards and practicable for use. This was determined based on the validation scores of 3.15 from mathematicians, 3.41 from musicologists, and 3.21 from grade IV elementary school teachers. The three validators' combined average validation result is 3.25.

THE EFFECTS OF THE GOVERNMENT-OWNED AND CONTROLLED CORPORATION (GOCC) HOME FINANCING ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF HOUSING LOAN BORROWERS

The main purpose of this study is to determine the effects of GOCC home financing on the quality of life of their housing loan borrowers. The study assessed the level of quality of life of the housing loan borrowers of a GOCC in Calamba City, Laguna by comparing their present housing living conditions after they borrowed and their housing living conditions before they borrowed from the GOCC home financing. The results were evaluated using the five dimensions of quality of life. It also identified the factors influencing members to apply for GOCC housing loans. The study utilized the descriptive research design using a quantitative method of data gathering and analysis. A total of 80 housing loan borrowers participated in this study. The researcher designed a self-made survey questionnaire. Percentages, weighted mean, and ANOVA were used as statistical tools to analyse the results. Using the five-dimension levels, the study shows that the level of quality of life of the respondent loan borrowers is higher when they moved into their new houses as compared to their quality of life when they were occupying their previous houses. It also identified that the main factors that influenced the borrowers to apply for the GOCC housing loans are affordable monthly amortization, the motivation to own a house, a longer loan repayment period, and lower interest rates. Finally, the researcher determined that there is a significant difference between the quality of life of the housing loan borrowers living conditions in their previous house and their present house. The study recommends to housing loan borrowers to have an updated loan payment and in case of arrears, it is encouraged to utilize the available remediation programs of the GOCC.

Development of Mobile Learning Applications for Android Based on Artificial Intelligence

In order to enable students to study autonomously and without being constrained by time and distance, this research was done to design an M-Learning learning media based on learning media on artificial intelligence. constrained by time and space, as well as to boost students' enthusiasm for studying. The following are the problems that need to be solved by this research: (1) How feasible is an android-based M-learning application for the field of artificial intelligence? (2) What are the students' reactions to the M-learning application built for Android in the Artificial Intelligence course?Research and development, sometimes known as R&amp;D, is the research methodology employed. Students in the informatics engineering department at Raharja University served as the study's research targets. Techniques Instrument reliability and validity assessments as well as questionnaires are employed as data gathering methods respondents. Then, the examination of media viability and student reaction is performed as a data analysis approach. Descriptive analysis was done on the student replies. (1) Media validation by professional validators is calculated at 92.5% by percentage, according to the results. On the basis of this, it can be said that the android-based M-learning application falls within the category of "Very Excellent" and is appropriate for usage. (2) The results of the M-learning application for Android-based students were positive, with a 79.5% response rate.

Sex Education Using Problem-Based Learning Approach: An Effort to Raise Adolescent Awareness of the Dangers of Promiscuity

The purpose of this study is to explain the implementation of sex education for teenagers using a problem-based learning method in Cibeureum Village, Cimahi City, to raise awareness of the dangers of promiscuity. This study used a qualitative method and employs a case study design. Observation, in-depth conversations, and documentation studies are all methods for gathering data. As study resource people, two community leaders, ten sex education participants, and three sex education program organizers were used.Techniques for data analysis include data condensation, data presentation, deriving conclusions, and verification. The research founds that: (1) Sex education for adolescents using a problem-based learning strategy is carried out in stages, beginning with program planning by the village government in collaboration with RT administrators, RWs, community leaders, and parents with teenagers. 2) sex education program organizers collaborate with competent resource people when conducting the program. In addition, material on the dangers of promiscuity for adolescents is presented using problem-based learning, in which resource people present material based on real issues encountered by adolescents as a result of promiscuity. 3) the majority of participants' insights and understanding of the dangers of promiscuity had grown, especially the material presented using a problem-based learning approach.

PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOSAKATA BARU BAHASA INDONESIA YANG BAKU OLEH SISWA KELAS II SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI NAIKOTEN 2 KOTA KUPANG

This study aims to determine the effect of the method total physical response on the new standard vocabulary of Indonesian in use by students in class II in Naikoten 2 Public Elementary School, Kupang City. This research uses a randomized pretest-posttest control group in a true experiment design. All students at SDN Naikoten 2 made up the population of this study, and all students in classes II-A (the control class) and II-B made up the sample (experimental class). For the purpose of this study, documentation, tests, and observations are used as data gathering methods. Using the Wilcoxon formula in the SPSS version 21 application, the hypothesis was tested, and if Asymp.Sig.(2-tailed) 0.05, H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted based on the analysis results.

Assessing The Skills Needed for Leaders of Bilingual Schools in Indonesia

This study assessed the need to establish a new educational program called Masters of Bilingual Education Management (MBEM) at the Post Graduate School, State University of Malang (SUM). This study was conducted using a mixed method with surveys and focus group interviews as the data gathering methods. This study involved 89 active university students and 79 teachers/school principals completing the questionnaire about their aspirations for the MBEM graduate attributes. Six teachers/school principals and 8 students joined focused group interviews to share their experiences in bilingual education and their recommendations on the MBEM study program. The findings indicated two key points that should be considered for establishing the MBEM study program. First, the main competencies that are determined to be the graduate attributes are managerial knowledge and skills in the context of bilingual education. Second, a decision should be made whether the new study program will focus on the applied management of bilingual education or the science of management of bilingual education. Overall, the participants showed enthusiasm and interest toward the establishment of MBEM as the graduate will be equipped with the knowledge and skill to manage bilingual education and, thus, ready to be the school principal or program coordinator. The study findings recommend further analysis of the curriculum design resulting from this study for justification.&#x0D; Keywords: management of bilingual education, Indonesia

Meaning Of Life For Mothers With Sexually-Abused Children

The meaning of life is defined as things that are perceived as necessary, felt useful, and believed to be wonderful and can be used as a life goal. The meaning of life can be discovered in joyful and tragic situations. This research aims to examine the meaning of life among mothers with children who have been sexually abused. This study employs a qualitative method with a case study approach. The research subject is a mother with two sexually abused children. Interviews, observation, and documentation were employed as data-gathering methods. The findings revealed that women who had children who were victims of sexual abuse felt embarrassed, depressed, sad, and exhausted at first. However, the subject always strives to accept what happened to her two children, seeking help from institutes specializing in children. As a result, the subject can still perform positive things like working and expressing support, attention, love, and affection for her children. The subject's meaning of life for the circumstances that occurred to her children caused the subject to grow more attached to them because she was always connected with affection, could live his life with the conditions that transpired, and finally made the subject happy with her children.Keywords: Meaning of life; children as sexual abuse victims; mothers’ meaning of life.

Impacts of Apprenticeship Training Program on Current Registered Apprentices in Pakistan

This study demonstrates that inexperienced Christian individuals, boys &amp; girls, working under the supervision of a mentor or an experienced team to learn trade skills. The purpose of the project was to develop useful job skills in the Christian individuals entering the workforce, increase future earning potential and enhance employability. This empirical study depicted that more than 32 trades have been selected by the 500 apprentices, and it gave a systematic investigation review and opportunity to test the validity of different assumptions, in the form of hypotheses, before arriving at any findings. This study illustrated that 20% of the apprentices had adopted the profession of tailoring/sewing, whereas 17% of apprentices like to join the trade of beauticians/beauty parlor. These two professions are mostly adopted by girls. 15.6% of apprentices like to work at barber shops or hair salon, which is mostly occupied by boys. 74.4% of apprentices say that they will have significantly more chances of finding work in future, whereas the rest of the apprentices confirm that there will be slightly more chances to find work of their own interest in the future. 51.2% of apprentices stopped their studies due to financial issues &amp; 34.8 % are those who couldn’t continue their studies because of a lack of interest in studies. There were different quantitative and qualitative methods of data gathering that were used during this empirical research study, which included surveys, experiments, and various observatory methods. Surveys are one of the most common methods that have been used in this study which were administered physically.

Developing Teacher Professionalism Through Academic Supervision Activities of School Principle

The purpose of this research is to describe the development of teacher professionalism as a result of the principal's academic supervision activities. The research methodology employed is a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive approach. Observation, interviews, and documentation studies were used as data gathering methods. Also, a qualitative analysis was performed while the activities of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion-making were in progress. The findings of this investigation suggest that school principals as supervisors have attempted to develop the potential and competence of teachers through teacher certification program activities which are attended by most teachers. The coaching program carried out by school principals for teachers consists of academic supervision activities, training (education and training), workshops, work meetings, PKG (teacher performance assessment), PKB (continuous professional assessment), technical guidance, and seminars. The outcomes of the teacher academic supervision activities carried out by the school principal show that the teacher development program activities through academic supervision activities have been progressing well. The problem preventing the principal's academic supervision from being put into effect is the learning method which is still teacher-centered so that it is monotonous and students become passive. The principal's strategy for achieving effective academic supervision is to conduct class observations and assign assignments to the teacher so that the teacher's academic abilities can be seen.

Mission Accomplished? Balancing Market Growth and Moral Legitimation in the Fair Trade Moral Market

Mission Accomplished? Balancing Market Growth and Moral Legitimation in the Fair Trade Moral Market

Optimal Size And Font For Mobile Learning

The study of fonts encompasses not only the expression of letter forms but also other aspects of readability and appearance. The necessity for additional font references for mobile learning heightens the importance of the font selection issue. Because many writers want their readers to feel comfortable and at ease when reading their work, study on this font is necessary because if the font size on a mobile phone is too large or too tiny, it becomes unpleasant. This research aims to examine the varieties of fonts that feels comfortable, appropriate, and clear for mobile learning material. This study employed a survey-based data-gathering method. Research on fonts such as Garamond, Gill Sans, Cambria, Kalibri, Constantia, Lato, and Georgia with sizes 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 and short to lengthy phrases revealed that Georgia was recommended for small and medium size fonts with sizes 10 to 22. For greater font sizes, however, Garamond was suggested with a size of 26.