Fast Identification Method Research Articles

Hashing Based Fast Palmprint Identification for Large-Scale Databases

In this paper, we present two hashing based techniques for fast palmprint identification. We first propose three properties required by a hash function and then introduce our first fast identification method based on orientation pattern (OP) hashing. We give the definition of OP and demonstrate that it meets all the requirements of the hash function, and thus, would be appropriate for hashing based fast palmprint identification. We then introduce the second fast identification method based on principal orientation pattern (POP) hashing. Because the POPs are constructed using more stable orientation features, POP hashing can find the target template more quickly thus causing earlier termination of the identification process. We evaluate our methods on the Hong Kong PolyU large-scale database (9667 palms) and the CASIA palmprint database (600 palms) plus a synthetic database (100 000 palms). Experimental results show that, on the Hong Kong PolyU large-scale database, the speedups of OP hashing and POP hashing over brute-force search are 16.93 and 19.91, respectively, and the identification accuracy is slightly higher. While on the CASIA database plus the synthetic database, the speedups of OP hashing and POP hashing are 8.03 and 15.67, respectively, and the identification accuracy almost remains the same. Results also show that, in terms of accuracy, our methods are comparable to several state-of-the-art palmprint identification approaches, while in terms of speed, our methods are much faster.

Cytochrome b as a useful tool for the identification of blowflies of forensic interest (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

In Forensic Entomology the fast and accurate identification of insects collected at the scene of events is essential if errors are to be avoided in estimating infestation times of interest and determining the post-mortem interval (PMI). Traditional identification based on morphological characteristics can be complicated due to physical similarities between different species, especially at immature stages. Genetic analysis provides a fast and reliable identification method. In this paper, molecular analysis is focused on a fragment of 307bp of the mitochondrial DNA region that codes for cytochrome b (cyt b). Six species belonging three genera of Calliphoridae of forensic interest (Calliphora vicina, Calliphora vomitoria, Lucilia sericata, Lucilia caesar, Lucilia ampullacea, Chrysomya albiceps) were collected and identified. These are the most common species of cadaveric entomofauna on the Atlantic seaboard of the Iberian Peninsula. The results show the robustness of the cyt b locus as a diagnostic tool, since its nucleotide variability enables reliable distinctions to be drawn between species. This study also contributes new consense sequences which may be of interest for correct species identification.

Erratum for “Fast Bayesian FFT Method for Ambient Modal Identification with Separated Modes” by Siu-Kui Au

Erratum for “Fast Bayesian FFT Method for Ambient Modal Identification with Separated Modes” by Siu-Kui Au

Simultaneous online SPE–HPLC–MS/MS analysis of docetaxel, temsirolimus and sirolimus in whole blood and human plasma

Docetaxel and temsirolimus are some of the most used drugs in a wide range of solid tumors. In preclinical studies, mTOR inhibitors such as temsirolimus have demonstrated synergistic cytotoxic effects with taxanes providing the rationale for combination studies. These anticancer agents exhibit a narrow therapeutic concentration range and due to their high inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability, therapeutic dose monitoring by highly sensitive methods as LC-MS/MS are important for clinical research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive, fast and convenient method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of docetaxel, temsirolimus and its main metabolite, sirolimus, using paclitaxel, another anticancer drug, as the internal standard. These analytes were quantified by an integrated online solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) system. Separation was performed on a Zorbax eclipse XDB-C8 (150mm×4.6mm, 5μm) column. The mass spectrometer tandem quadruple detector was equipped with jet stream electrospray ionization, monitored in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) and operated in positive mode. A combination of protein precipitation with methanol/zinc sulphate (70:30) (v/v) and online SPE using a Zorbax eclipse plus C8 (12.5mm×4.6mm, 5μm) cartridge was used to extract the compounds. This method allows the use of the same reagents, sample treatment and analytical technique independently of whether the samples are whole blood or plasma. The method has been successfully validated and applied to real samples. It is a suitable method for dose adjustment and for evaluating potential drug interactions during combined treatments.

Fast and Automatic Identification of Contours for Girth Measurement on 3D Human Models with Variant Postures

AbstractWe develop a novel method for fast and automatic identification of characteristic contours for measuring girths on digital 3D human models with various stable postures. For fast identification, the characteristic contours with salient topology and geometric features are selected among the multi-source geodesic iso-contours, which are constructed under a new Morse function as using multi-source points to compute geodesic distance instead of using solely one source point. The resulting iso-contours are stable in a wide range of postures due to the bending invariance of geodesic distance. Based on the characteristic contours, we develop an efficient algorithm to extract the contours for girth measurement. We present a number of experiments on 3D human body samples with variant postures to demonstrate the validity of our approach.

FEM Calibrated ARMAX Model Updating Method for Time Domain Damage Identification

Due to environmental loads, mechanical damages, structural aging and human factors, civil infrastructure inevitably deteriorate during their service lives. Since their damage may claim human lives and cause significant economic losses, how to identify damages and assess structural conditions timely and accurately has drawn increasingly more attentions from structural engineering community worldwide. In this study, a fast and sensitive time domain damage identification method will be developed. To do this, a finite element model of a steel pipe laid on the soil is built and the structural responses are simulated under different damage scenarios. Based on the simulated data, an Auto Regressive Moving Average Exogenous (ARMAX) model is then built and calibrated. The calibrated ARMAX model is used to identify different damage scenarios through model updating process using clonal selection algorithm (CSA). The results demonstrate the application potential of the proposed method in identifying the pipeline conditions. To further verify its performance, laboratory tests of a steel pipe laid on the soil with and without soil support (free span damage) are carried out. The identification results of pipe-soil system show that the proposed method is capable of identifying damagein a complex structural system. Therefore, it can be applied to identifying pipeline conditions.

비비드 옐로우 다이아몬드의 감별 방안 연구

We propose a new reliable, fast, and low cost identification method for similarly looking 0.3ct vivid yellow color of natural, HPHT treated, and synthesized diamonds. Conventional optical microscopy as well as low temperature PL(photoluminescence), FT-IR, UVVIS- NIR, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM) characterization were executed. We could not distinguish the natural diamonds from the treated or the synthesized stones with an optical microscopy, PL, FT-IR, and UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy. However, we could identify the treated diamond with micro-Raman spectroscopy due to unique 1440 cm ?1 peak appearance. VSM revealed easily the synthesized diamond because of its ferromagnetic behavior. Our preliminary propose on employing the Micro-Raman spectroscopy and VSM might be suitable for identification of the similar looking vivid yellow colored diamonds.

Further Discussions on Induced Bias Matrix Model for the Pair-Wise Comparison Matrix

The inconsistency issue of pairwise comparison matrices has been an important subject in the study of the analytical network process. Most inconsistent elements can efficiently be identified by inducing a bias matrix only based on the original matrix. This paper further discusses the induced bias matrix and integrates all related theorems and corollaries into the induced bias matrix model. The theorem of inconsistency identification is proved mathematically using the maximum eigenvalue method and the contradiction method. In addition, a fast inconsistency identification method for one pair of inconsistent elements is proposed and proved mathematically. Two examples are used to illustrate the proposed fast identification method. The results show that the proposed new method is easier and faster than the existing method for the special case with only one pair of inconsistent elements in the original comparison matrix.

Use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for the identification of mixed oral yeasts in human saliva

A PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was established for the simultaneous presumptive identification of multiple yeast species commonly present in the oral cavity. Published primer sets targeting different regions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 26-28S rRNA gene (denoted primer sets N and U) and the 18S rRNA gene (primer set E) were evaluated with ten Candida and four non-Candida yeast species, and twenty Candida albicans isolates. Optimized PCR-DGGE conditions using primer set N were applied to presumptively identify, by band matching, yeasts in the saliva of 25 individuals. Identities were confirmed by DNA sequencing and compared with those using CHROMagar Candida culture. All primer sets yielded detectable DGGE bands for all species tested. Primer set N yielded mainly single bands and could distinguish all species examined, including differentiating Candida dubliniensis from C. albicans. Primer set U was less discriminatory among species but yielded multiple bands that distinguished subspecies groups within C. albicans. Primer set E gave poor yeast discrimination. DGGE analysis identified yeasts in 17 of the 25 saliva samples. Six saliva samples contained two yeast species: three contained C. albicans and three C. dubliniensis. C. dubliniensis was present alone in one saliva sample (total prevalence 16 %). CHROMagar culture detected yeasts in 16 of the yeast-containing saliva samples and did not enable identification of 7 yeast species identified by DGGE. In conclusion, DGGE identification of oral yeast species with primer set N is a relatively fast and reliable method for the simultaneous presumptive identification of mixed yeasts in oral saliva samples.

UPLC-UV-MSE analysis for quantification and identification of major carotenoid and chlorophyll species in algae

A fast method for quantification and identification of carotenoid and chlorophyll species utilizing liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection and mass spectrometry has been demonstrated and validated for the analysis of algae samples. This method allows quantification of targeted pigments and identification of unexpected compounds, providing isomers separation, UV detection, accurate mass measurements, and study of fragment ions for structural elucidation in a single run. This is possible using parallel alternating low- and high-energy collision spectral acquisition modes, which provide accurate mass full scan chromatograms and accurate mass high-energy chromatograms. Here, it is shown how this approach can be used to confirm carotenoid and chlorophyll species by identification of key diagnostic fragmentations during high-energy mode. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of Dunaliella salina samples during defined red LED lighting growth conditions, identifying 37 pigments including 19 carotenoid species and 18 chlorophyll species, and providing quantification of 7 targeted compounds. Limit of detections for targeted pigments ranged from 0.01 ng/mL for lutein to 0.24 ng/mL for chlorophyll a. Inter-run precision ranged for of 3 to 24 (RSD%) while inter-run inaccuracy ranged from -17 to 11.

Leptospira spp. strain identification by MALDI TOF MS is an equivalent tool to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multi locus sequence typing (MLST)

BackgroundIn this study mass spectrometry was used for evaluating extracted leptospiral protein samples and results were compared with molecular typing methods. For this, an extraction protocol for Leptospira spp. was independently established in two separate laboratories. Reference spectra were created with 28 leptospiral strains, including pathogenic, non-pathogenic and intermediate strains. This set of spectra was then evaluated on the basis of measurements with well-defined, cultured leptospiral strains and with 16 field isolates of veterinary or human origin. To verify discriminating peaks for the applied pathogenic strains, statistical analysis of the protein spectra was performed using the software tool ClinProTools. In addition, a dendrogram of the reference spectra was compared with phylogenetic trees of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and multi locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis.ResultsDefined and reproducible protein spectra using MALDI-TOF MS were obtained for all leptospiral strains. Evaluation of the newly-built reference spectra database allowed reproducible identification at the species level for the defined leptospiral strains and the field isolates. Statistical analysis of three pathogenic genomospecies revealed peak differences at the species level and for certain serovars analyzed in this study. Specific peak patterns were reproducibly detected for the serovars Tarassovi, Saxkoebing, Pomona, Copenhageni, Australis, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Grippotyphosa. Analysis of the dendrograms of the MLST data, the 16S rRNA sequencing, and the MALDI-TOF MS reference spectra showed comparable clustering.ConclusionsMALDI-TOF MS analysis is a fast and reliable method for species identification, although Leptospira organisms need to be produced in a time-consuming culture process. All leptospiral strains were identified, at least at the species level, using our described extraction protocol. Statistical analysis of the three genomospecies L. borgpetersenii, L. interrogans and L. kirschneri revealed distinctive, reproducible differentiating peaks for seven leptospiral strains which represent seven serovars. Results obtained by MALDI-TOF MS were confirmed by MLST and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

The treatment of HSV1 ocular infections using quantitative real‐time PCR results

Herpes stromal keratitis is a serious condition and the most frequent cause of unilateral blindness. The real-time PCR is an accurate and fast diagnostic method for an analysis of infectious agents causing keratitis and keratouveitis. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between clinical symptoms, treatment efficacy monitoring and viral quantity in corneal swabs determined by quantitative real-time PCR method. The real-time PCR method was used as well for the detection of other viral eye pathogens. A total of 212 patients (136 men and 76 women) suspect of having herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis or keratouveitis were included in the study. The detection and quantitative analysis of the viral DNA were performed using the EliGene HSV1 RT kit, and the result was correlated with the clinical picture of the disease. The patients were routinely treated with acyclovir applied locally or, alternatively, in systemic administration. In a case of acyclovir treatment resistant keratitis, the patients were treated with local ganciclovir (Virgan gel ophth 0.15%). A total of 636 analyses of the viral DNA were performed; 85 patients were positive for HSV1 (198 detected). There were 16 acyclovir resistant cases of keratitis (14%). The real-time PCR appears as a fast and accurate method for an exact identification of the viral DNA in patients with herpes stromal keratitis. The introduction of the quantification is important for the treatment evaluation and for the specification of a so-called acyclovir resistant keratitis. A long-term systemic administration in maintenance doses may lead to the resistance and repeated, frequent relapses of the disease.

Recursive Predictor-Based Subspace Identification With Application to the Real-Time Closed-Loop Tracking of Flutter

A novel recursive predictor-based subspace identification method is presented to identify linear time-invariant systems with multi inputs and multi outputs. The method is implemented in real-time and is able to operate in open loop or closed loop. The recursive identification is performed via the subsequent solution of only three linear problems, which are solved using recursive least squares. The recursive implementation of the method is not only able to identify linear time-invariant models from measured data, but can also be used to track slowly time-varying dynamics if adaptive filters are used. The computational complexity is reduced by exploiting the structure in the data equations and by using array algorithms to solve the main linear problem. This results in a fast recursive predictor-based subspace identification method suited for real-time implementation. The real-time implementation and the ability to work with multi-input and multi-output systems operating in closed loop makes this approach suitable for online estimation of unstable dynamics. The ability to do so is demonstrated by the detection of flutter on an experimental 2-D-airfoil system.

Constant-Wavelength Synchronous Fluorescence Spectrometry for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples

To establish a fast analytical method for simultaneous identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water, a novel method of constant-wavelength synchronous fluorescence was proposed to the simultaneous determination of different PAHs in a mixture of 6 components. Combing the technique with a system that allowed a crude sample separation based on optimum conditions, detection conditions provided increased selectivity and sample information, and 6 PAHs could be identified and quantified by the corresponding synchronous spectra. The linear response of this method was in the range of 0~1000ng/mL (r≥0.9965), the relative standard deviations (RSD) were in the range of 0.24%~1.48% (n = 6). The detection limits were in the range of 0.028-3.45ng/mL. By using this method, real samples were determined directly and good results were obtained with the recoveries of 66.3%-103.9%, 73.9%-100.3% for spiked river samples

TV white spaces exploitation for multimedia signal distribution

The new spectrum regulation policies for dynamic spectrum access, especially those concerning the use of the white spaces in the Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) bands, arise the need for fast and reliable signal identification and classification methods. In this paper we present a two-stage identification method for signals in the white spaces, using combined energy detection and feature detection. The band of interest is divided by means of the Discrete Wavelet Packet Transformation (DWPT) in sub-bands where the signal power is calculated. Modulation classifiers taking into account the statistical parameters of the signal in the wavelet domain are used as features for identifying the modulation schemes, in this case specifically for the DVB-T broadcast standard. Finally, a signal transmission architecture based on Motion JPEG XR has been implemented in order to explore and evaluate a practical application of indoor signal distribution over white-spaces.

Detection and Removal of Short-circuits on GEM-foils

Abstract High resolution scanning system was used to locate the areas on GEM-foils that might contain short-circuit. These areas were analyzed by threshold method for fast identification. Different methods to remove short-circuits on GEM-foils were studied. Since using the standard procedure of “burning” shorts with high current might incur additional damage to the foil, we have also studied several non-destructive methods. These methods were for example washing with high power ultrasonic, manual extirpation and by using resonance frequencies. We will show results on locating and removing the GEM-shorts from standard bi-conical 10 cm ¥ 10 cm foils.

Identification and classification of conopeptides using profile Hidden Markov Models

Conopeptides are small toxins produced by predatory marine snails of the genus Conus. They are studied with increasing intensity due to their potential in neurosciences and pharmacology. The number of existing conopeptides is estimated to be 1 million, but only about 1000 have been described to date. Thanks to new high-throughput sequencing technologies the number of known conopeptides is likely to increase exponentially in the near future. There is therefore a need for a fast and accurate computational method for identification and classification of the novel conopeptides in large data sets. 62 profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs) were built for prediction and classification of all described conopeptide superfamilies and families, based on the different parts of the corresponding protein sequences. These models showed very high specificity in detection of new peptides. 56 out of 62 models do not give a single false positive in a test with the entire UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot protein sequence database. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of mature peptide models for automatic classification with accuracy of 96% for the mature peptide models and 100% for the pro- and signal peptide models. Our conopeptide profile HMMs can be used for finding and annotation of new conopeptides from large datasets generated by transcriptome or genome sequencing. To our knowledge this is the first time this kind of computational method has been applied to predict all known conopeptide superfamilies and some conopeptide families.

Reliable identification at the species level of Brucella isolates with MALDI-TOF-MS

BackgroundThe genus Brucella contains highly infectious species that are classified as biological threat agents. The timely detection and identification of the microorganism involved is essential for an effective response not only to biological warfare attacks but also to natural outbreaks. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is a rapid method for the analysis of biological samples. The advantages of this method, compared to conventional techniques, are rapidity, cost-effectiveness, accuracy and suitability for the high-throughput identification of bacteria. Discrepancies between taxonomy and genetic relatedness on the species and biovar level complicate the development of detection and identification assays.ResultsIn this study, the accurate identification of Brucella species using MALDI-TOF-MS was achieved by constructing a Brucella reference library based on multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) data. By comparing MS-spectra from Brucella species against a custom-made MALDI-TOF-MS reference library, MALDI-TOF-MS could be used as a rapid identification method for Brucella species. In this way, 99.3% of the 152 isolates tested were identified at the species level, and B. suis biovar 1 and 2 were identified at the level of their biovar. This result demonstrates that for Brucella, even minimal genomic differences between these serovars translate to specific proteomic differences.ConclusionsMALDI-TOF-MS can be developed into a fast and reliable identification method for genetically highly related species when potential taxonomic and genetic inconsistencies are taken into consideration during the generation of the reference library.

Molecular sexing of tigers, Panthera tigris

We report the development of a fast and reliable PCR-based method for sex identification of tiger DNA designed to be incorporated into fluorescent short tandem repeat (STR) profiling. A single primer pair, consisting of a fluorescently-labelled forward primer and an unlabelled reverse primer, is used to co-amplify homologous fragments of a zinc finger (ZF) protein intron which exhibits size polymorphism between the X and Y chromosomes. The ZFX and ZFY amplicons differ in size by 12 bp and can thus be differentiated by capillary electrophoresis.

Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from fermented dairy products and boza in Aydin

Camel milk is rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins and mmunoglobins. Thus, there has been an increasing focus on camel ilk and milk products in recent years. However, the milk yield of amel is relatively low compared with that of bovine. To prevent he adulteration of camel milk with bovine milk, it is necessary o develop a rapid and sensitive method for the identification of ovine milk in camel milk to ensure the quality of camel milk. n the present study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), ampliying a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA D loop region was eveloped for species specific detection of camel and bovine milk. he technique was applied to raw binary mixtures of camel and ovine milk and enabled the specific detection of bovine milk with detection limit of 1%. The assay represents a sensitive, fast, and traightforward method for identification of adulteration in milk, nd it might be useful in the quality control of camel milk andmilk roducts. oi:10.1016/j.copbio.2011.05.291