Use Of Methanol Research Articles

Impact of instrumentation reliability on mainstream suspended Partial denitrification anammox (PdNA).

This study successfully revealed the importance of probe reliability and sensitivity with ion sensitive electrode (ISE) probes on achieving high partial denitrification (PdN) efficiency; and decreasing carbon overdosing events that cause the decline of microbial populations and performance of partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA). In a mainstream integrated hybrid granule-floc system, an average PdN efficiency of 76% was achieved with acetate as the carbon source. Thauera was identified as the dominant PdN species; Its presence in the system was analogous to instrumentation reliability and PdN selection and wasn't a consequence of bioaugmentation. Up to 27-121 mg TIN/L/d, an equivalent of 18 - 48% of the overall TIN removed, was achieved through the PdNA pathway. Candidatus Brocadia was the main anoxic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) species that was seeded from sidestream, and enriched and retained in the mainstream system with observed growth rates of 0.04 - 0.13 d-1 . Moreover, there was no direct negative impact of methanol's use for post-polishing on AnAOB activity and growth.

Comparative performance analysis of a grid connected PV system for hydrogen production using PEM water, methanol and hybrid sulfur electrolysis

This paper presents comparative performance analysis of photovoltaic (PV) hydrogen production using water, methanol and hybrid sulfur (SO2) electrolysis processes. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers are powered by grid connected PV system. In this system design, electrical grid is considered as a virtual energy storage system (VESS) where the surplus of PV production can be injected and subsequently taken to support the electrolyser. Methanol (ME) and hybrid sulfur (HSE) electrolysis are compared to the conventional water electrolysis (WE) in term of operating cell voltage. Based on the experimental results reported in the literature, semi-empirical models describing the relationship between the hydrogen production rate and the electrolyser cell power input are proposed. Furthermore, power and hydrogen management strategy (PHMS) is developed. Case study is carried out to show the impact of each type of electrolysis on the system component sizes and evaluate the hydrogen production potentialities. Results show that the use of ME allows to produce 65% more hydrogen than with using WE. Moreover, the amount of hydrogen produced is almost double in the case of HSE. At Algiers city, based on a grid connected PV/Electrolyser system, it is possible to produce about 25 g/m2 d and 29 g/m2 d of hydrogen, respectively, through ME and HSE compared to 15 g/m2 d of hydrogen when using WE.

Timing of methanol supply and demand: Implications for alternative transportation fuel policies

The use of methanol as a transportation fuel may help the United States substantially reduce oil imports. However, significant reductions in U.S. oil imports will require that the current world methanol industry be much larger than it now is. This paper examines potential expansion rates of the world methanol industry. These expansion rates are used to determine the potential underutilization of flexible fuel vehicles caused by limitations on methanol supply. Depending on the specific comparison, methanol supply can be a constraint in the earlier years of methanol's use which limits the ability of the United States to substitute large volumes of oil with methanol.

Some Canadian Chemical Firms Rebound

The world methanol situation, characterized by an excess of 21% over demand in 1983, is expected to worsen by 1985 when a 29% excess is anticipated. Canada will suffer the most for its overly optimistic projections of methanol's use in fuel. The areas of greatest supply surplus, the US (at least until 1988), Canada, Mexico, Eastern Europe, and the Africa-Middle East region, are expected to compete fiercely for business in the biggest deficit areas of the Pacific Basin, Southeast Asia, and Western Europe. Several factors could turn the grim situation around: financial incentives for using methanol and sucess of the new method of converting methenol directly to gasoline. 3 figures.