Methanol Extract Of Plant Research Articles

Phytochemicals reduced growth, sporulation and conidial dimensions of Fusarium verticillioides, cause of fumonisin contamination in maize grains

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of methanolic extracts of plants against radial growth and spore dimensions of Fusarium verticillioides. Leaf extracts of 25 plants were tested against the fungus. Of which, thirteen extracts were potent against the fungus and evaluated using food poising technique. Growth was evaluated on PDA medium amended with the extracts at 5 mg ml–1. Control treatments included plates without (negative) extracts and with synthetic (positive) fungicide. Spore dimension was determined using PDB. The results showed T. vulgaris extract completely inhibited mycelial growth of the fungus as equivalent as the fungicide. Similarly, G. parviflora, C. citratus, R. officinalis, R. chalepensis, and Agave sp. also recorded growth reductions ranging from 71.04 to 81.35 % at day seven. In addition, extracts of Agave sp., C. citratus and T. vulgaris did not support sporulation. Overall, the results indicate that T. vulgaris extracts could be safe source of bioactive chemicals to control F. verticillioides.

Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Latana Camara Linn. Extract Used As Antibacterial Finish on Fabrics

The aim of the research was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a crude extract from Latana camara L. on different types of fabric samples made of cotton, bamboo, and bamboo cotton. Lantana camara L. is a well-known weed and a popular ornamental garden plant that is widely utilized in traditional medicine all over the world. Acetate, ethanol, methanol, and petroleum ether were used as solvents to make the leaves crude extract. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used as test organisms for the crude extract's anti-bacterial activity, which was also used for phytochemical analysis. According to a phytochemical study, Latana camara L. extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol and tannin. As measured by inhibitory zones ranging from 09mm to 24mm, plant methanol extract demonstrated good antibacterial activity against test organism. Antibacterial activity of fabrics (cotton, bamboo and bamboo cotton) finished with plant extract revealed inhibitory zones excellent ranging from 23mm to 28mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The present findings imply the potential antibacterial activity of the plant. L. camara aids in the relief of inflammatory conditions and to be developed into standardized, safe, and affordable biomedical products and use as functional finish for home textiles.

The potential of gamma irradiation on antioxidant capacity and genomic alterations in Calendula officinalis

There are lines of evidence that ionizing radiations such as gamma rays can cause different biological effects on plants. Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is a member of the family Asteraceae. It possesses profound amounts of active ingredients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes imposed upon different dose levels of gamma radiation on some features of Calendula officinalis such as antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents, antibacterial activity and genomic alterations. Calendula officinalis seeds were exposed to different doses of Gamma radiation (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 GY). Total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activity (measured by DPPH assay) using methanolic extracts of plants and antibacterial activity measured by the disc diffusion assay showed significant differences to the control samples. The samples treated with 10 GY gamma rays showed the highest total phenol and flavonoid contents. Antioxidant activity significantly differed between Gamma rays dose levels and it was the highest at 25 GY. Four bacterial strains including E. coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeroginosa were used for the antibacterial assay. Extracts from plants treated with 25 GY gamma rays showed the highest antibacterial activity against the 4 bacterial strains. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to study the genetic variation. The polymorphism information content (PIC) for RAPD primers ranged from 3% to 13% and ranged from 6 to 13% for ISSR primers. Results indicated that ISSR markers were more efficient than RAPD markers, as they detected 25.57% polymorphic DNA bands compared to 21.31% polymorphism for RAPD markers.

Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of Azadirachta indica and Balanites aegyptiaca seed extracts against Fusarium oxysporum isolate on tomatoes

Fusarium oxysporum is the causative agent of tomato wilt and is an important disease of tomato crops worldwide. Management through chemical fungicides causes serious environmental damage and human health. This study assesses the antifungal potential of biochemical compounds of Azadirachta indica and Balanites aegyptiaca seeds extracts identified by GC-MS analytical method against F. oxysporum. Acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of A. indica and B. aegyptiaca at 15, 30 and 60 μL/mL concentrations and synthetic fungicide (3.33 g/L) were tested in vitro in triplicate. Mycelial growth and Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50, MIC90) were evaluated 8 days after inoculation (DAI). As results, 55 and 34 phytochemical compounds were identified in seed extracts of A. indica and B. aegyptiaca respectively. Methanol extract of A. indica and B. aegyptiaca at 60 μL/mL concentration showed a total inhibition (100%) of F. oxysporum mycelial growth. Low MIC50 values were obtained with aqueous extract of A. indica (8.77 μL/mL) and methanol extract of B. aegyptiaca (17.91 μL/mL). The tentative action mode showed that the methanol extract of both plants induced wall lysis of F. oxysporum. These results suggest that A. indica and B. aegyptiaca seed extracts have potent antifungal activity and could be used as an alternative to control F. oxysporum. Keywords: Neem, desert date, bioactive compounds, mycelial growth, antifungal activity, Fusarium oxysporum

Exploration of In-vitro Antidiabetic Activity of ZnO NPs and Ag NPs Synthesized using Methanolic Extracts of Alpinia mutica and Tradescantia spathaeca Leaves

Diabetes might be cured with the use of medicinal herbs and environmentally friendly production of metallic nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and ZnO NPs. The methanolic leaf extracts of Alpinia mutica and Tradescantia spathaeca were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), respectively, for in-vitro evaluation. Methanolic leaf extracts of A. mutica and T. spathaeca were used to create AgNPs and ZnO NPs under ambient conditions using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Their ability to block alpha- and beta-amylase confirmed the in-vitro antidiabetic efficacy of methanolic leaf extract of plant (MLEP), AgNPs, and ZnO NPs. In this study, α- amylase activity of ZnO and nanoparticles of silver produced from natural sources will be evaluated in an effort to lessen the toxicity and negative effects of the inhibitor used to treat diabetes. Antidiabetic action was especially impressive in the ZnO and silver nanoparticles produced using methanolic extracts of A. mutica and T. spathaeca. Because of their promising in-vitro antidiabetic action with alpha-amylase activity, MLEP of A. mutica and T. spathaeca, AgNPs, and ZnO NPs show promise for future medical uses.

Development of herbal skin care formulations from the hydro-alcoholic extract of Leucas zeylanica (L.) W.T.Aiton

Introduction: Leucas zeylanica (L.) W.T.Aiton is a plant used in traditional medicine as a remedy against several dermatological conditions. The high UV-filtering potential observed for the aqueousmethanolic extract of this plant suggests its suitability to develop herbal skin care agents. Therefore, this study was undertaken to develop herbal skin care formulations from the aqueous methanolic (hydro-alcoholic) extract of the whole plants of L. zeylanica and evaluate the photoprotective efficacy. Methodology: Three formulations were prepared by incorporating different concentrations (25%, 50%, and 75%) of the extract into an aqueous cream base. Thereafter, the UV filtering potential and sun protection factor (SPF) were determined. Results: The formulation comprised of 75% of the extract displayed the highest UV absorbance as well as the highest SPF value (26.76±3.82). All formulations in general exhibited good photostability profiles. The anti-tyrosinase assay revealed very mild tyrosinase inhibitory potential of the aqueous methanolic extract of L. zeylanica. Therefore our formulations do not interfere with the biosynthesis of melanin, the natural photoprotectant molecule in the skin, unlike most commercial sunscreens. Conclusion: The strong and broad-range UV-filtering potential, high SPF and photostability profiles observed for the sunscreen formulation comprised of 75% of the extract suggest the potential utility of L. zeylanica extract for the development of herbal skin care formulations in a commercial scale.

Antimicrobial Properties of Medicinal Plants in the Lower Area of Ie Seu-um Geothermal Outflow, Indonesia

The lower area of the Ie Seu-um manifestation, located in Ie Seu-um village, Aceh Besar District, harbors several medicinal plants that exhibit potential for the treatment of infectious diseases. This study aims to assess the secondary metabolite content and in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans of medicinal plants inhabiting the geothermal region. Medicinal plants, namely Pluchea indica (L.) Less., Acrostichum aureum L., Acacia mangium L., and Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand., were collected within a range of 100-150 meters from the hot springs in the lower area. Methanol extracts of these medicinal plants underwent phytochemical screening and were tested for antimicrobial activity using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method at a concentration of 50%. The results of phytochemical screening demonstrated positive variations in alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins for each medicinal plant. The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts noticeably inhibited the growth of S. aureus compared to E. coli and C. albicans. The largest inhibition zones were observed for the leaf part of A. mangium (12.70 ± 2.30 mm) against S. aureus, the aerial part of A. aureum (11.57 ± 2.01 mm) against E. coli, and the aerial part of P. indica (9.89 ± 1.11 mm) against C. albicans. Based on the research findings, medicinal plants originating from the lower area of the Ie Seu-um manifestation exhibit potential as antimicrobial agents, particularly against gram-positive bacteria.

Metabolomic Reconfiguration in Primed Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Plants in Response to Pyrenophora teres f. teres Infection.

Necrotrophic fungi affect a wide range of plants and cause significant crop losses. For the activation of multi-layered innate immune defences, plants can be primed or pre-conditioned to rapidly and more efficiently counteract this pathogen. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses were applied to elucidate the biochemical processes involved in the response of 3,5-dichloroanthranilic acid (3,5-DCAA) primed barley plants to Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt). A susceptible barley cultivar ('Hessekwa') at the third leaf growth stage was treated with 3,5-DCAA 24 h prior to infection using a Ptt conidia suspension. The infection was monitored over 2, 4, and 6 days post-inoculation. For untargeted studies, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was used to analyse methanolic plant extracts. Acquired data were processed to generate the data matrices utilised in chemometric modelling and multi-dimensional data mining. For targeted studies, selected metabolites from the amino acids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids classes were quantified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry. 3,5-DCAA was effective as a priming agent in delaying the onset and intensity of symptoms but could not prevent the progression of the disease. Unsupervised learning methods revealed clear differences between the sample extracts from the control plants and the infected plants. Both orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and 'shared and unique structures' (SUS) plots allowed for the extraction of potential markers of the primed and naïve plant responses to Ptt. These include classes of organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, phenolic acids, and derivatives and flavonoids. Among these, 5-oxo-proline and citric acid were notable as priming response-related metabolites. Metabolites from the tricarboxylic acid pathway were only discriminant in the primed plant infected with Ptt. Furthermore, the quantification of targeted metabolites revealed that hydroxycinnamic acids were significantly more prominent in the primed infected plants, especially at 2 d.p.i. Our research advances efforts to better understand regulated and reprogrammed metabolic responses that constitute defence priming in barley against Ptt.

Phytochemical and metabolic profiling of the different Podocarpus species in Egypt: Potential antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities

Podocarpus is the most dominant genus of Podocarpaceae, with higher taxonomical proximity to the Taxaceae, having numerous pharmaceutical applications, however, scarce studies dealing with the physiological and metabolic criteria of Podocarpus in Egypt were reported. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the physiological and metabolical patterns of the different species of Podocarpus; P. gracilior, P. elongates, P. macrophyllus and P. neriifolius. The highest terpenoids contents were reported in P. neriifolius, followed by P. elongatus, and P. macrophyllus. P. gracilior had the highest antioxidants amount, followed by P. macrophyllus, P. neriifolius and P. elongatus. From the GC/MS metabolic profiling, caryophyllene, β-cadinene, β-cuvebene, vitispirane, β-cadinene and amorphene were the most dominant metabolites in P. gracilior. β-Caryophyllene was the common in P. gracilior, P. elongatus, P. macrophyllus and P. neriifolius with an obvious fluctuation. The plant methanolic extracts have an obvious activity against the multidrug resistant bacteria; E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. pyogenes and S. aureus, and fungi; A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger and C. albicans in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest Taxol yield was assessed in the extracts of P. elongatus (16.4 μg/gdw), followed by P. macrophyllus, and P. neriifolius. The chemical identity of Taxol derived from P. elongatus was resolved by LC/MS, with molecular mass 854.6 m/z, and similar structural fragmentation pattern of the authentic one. The highest antitumor activity of P. elongatus extracted Taxol was assessed towards HCT-116 (30.2 μg/ml), HepG-2 (53.7 μg/ml) and MCF-7 (71.8 μg/ml). The ITS sequence of P. elongatus “as potent Taxol producer” was deposited on Genbank with accession #ON540734.1, that is the first record of Podocarpus species on Genbank.

In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Hydro-Methanolic Extract of Phlomis crinita from North Algeria

Abstract: Phlomis crinita is a medicinal plant commonly used in Algerian folk medicine as a remedy for ulcers, haemorrhoids and healing of wounds. The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of this plant and to provide a scientific basis for its use. Protein denaturation and membrane stabilization assays were used to assess the anti-inflammatory action in vitro. DPPH free radical-scavenging and reducing power tests were used to determine the antioxidant activity. The plant methanol extract exhibited potential anti-inflammatory activity, demonstrating its ability to prevent protein denaturation and stabilize the membrane of human red blood cells. It had IC50 values of 143.64 ± 2.94 and 119.63 ± 0.80 µg/mL, respectively, compared to diclofenac sodium (IC50 value of 60.60 ± 2.55 and 53.47 ± 0.93 µg/mL, respectively). P. crinita showed strong antioxidant DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 82.07±0.37 μg/mL) compared to ascorbic acid (62.48±0.56) and exhibited a strong reducing potential. The results suggested that the plant might be a potential candidate for oxidative stress prevention and inflammatory disease treatment.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Cuscuta reflexa ROXB. and Few Members of Family Convolvulaceae

Antioxidant activity of 12 species, of which one was Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. which belongs to the family of Cuscutaceae as well as 11 of Convolvulaceae, collected from district Bhimber, Mirpur and Kotli were measured by using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assay. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the whole plant of all the selected species were investigated. Ipomoea eriocarpa showed a comparatively higher amount of total polyphenols (0.98 ± 0.073 mg/gdw). The maximum DPPH value was shown by Ipomoea carnea Jacq (5.6%) and the minimum value was shown by Convolvulus arvensis L. extracts (3.0 %). ABTS was the highest by Convolvulus prostrastus and the lowest by Ipomoea carnea. In FRAP assay, the highest value was 2.75 by Ipomoea hederacia and the lowest value was 0.31 by I. arachnosperma Welw. The antifungal and antibacterial activity of the methanolic extracts of the whole plant of all the selected species was carried out by using both bacterial and fungal strains. Two gram positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, two gram negative bacteria namely E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two fungal strains of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae were used to carry out antimicrobial activity. For the comparison of inhibition zones showed by plant extracts against bacterial and fungal strains. Erythromycin, tetracycline and cefoparazone were used as standard for bacterial strains. Moreover, fungivine and Terbinafine were used as standard antibiotics against fungal strains. Among fungal strains, the highest zone of inhibition was shown by Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. extract against Aspergillus niger, that is 5.55±0.3, while the lowest zone of inhibition, that is, 0.60±0.28mm was shown by Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) extract against Aspergillus oryzae. Plants from the Convolvulaceae family have had frequent traditional uses for different therapeutic purposes. Furthermore, all plants selected for this study showed strong antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity. Their further detailed phytochemical studies can help to develop plant-based therapeutic agents

Phytochemical Investigation and Thin Layer Chromatography of Methanol Extract of Psoralea corylifolia and Emblica officinalis Leaves

The current study focuses on phytochemical screening of Psoralea corylifolia and Emblica officinalis leaf extracts in methanol solvent. The antibacterial compounds found in both leaf extracts of Psoralea corylifolia and Emblica officinalis plants were investigated using phytochemical studies. The extracts contained flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic chemicals, according to preliminary phytochemical screening. The solvent systems of toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol (24:5:2) and chloroform: ethyl acetate: acetic acid (50:50:1) yielded the most phytochemicals from methanolic extracts of Psoralea corylifolia and Emblica officinalis plants, respectively. On TLC plates, these chemicals were separated, resulting in the discovery of different spots in both leaf extracts. The Rf values of methanol extract of P. corylifolia run under toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol (24:5:2) solvent system was 0.12, 0.19, 0.30, 0.41, 0.53, 0.65, 0.77, 0.84, 0.89, and 0.92, respectively, while Rf values of methanol leaf extract of E. officinalis run under chloroform: ethyl acetate: acetic acid (50:50:1)solvent system was 0.23, 0.31, 0.41, 0.64, 0.76 and 0.88 respectively. The results of the investigation will be used to confirm the proper identification of antibacterial fractions from P. corylifolia and E. officinalis crude plant extracts by GC-MS. The optimum solvent for extracting antibacterial components from P. corylifolia and E. officinalis leaves was methanol.

Chemical Constituents of Euphorbia stracheyi Boiss (Euphorbiaceae).

Euphorbia stracheyi Boiss was used for hemostasis, analgesia, and muscular regeneration in traditional Chinese medicine. To study the chemical constituents of E. stracheyi, the ethyl acetate part of the methanol extract of the whole plant was separated by silica gel, sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. The isolation led to the characterization of a new lathyrane type diterpenoid, euphostrachenol A (1), as well as eleven known compounds (2-11), including a lathyrane, three ingenane-type and two abietane-type diterpenoids, two ionones, and two flavonoids. The structures of these compounds were established using 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallographic experiments. The MTT method was used to determine the cytotoxic activity of five cancer cell lines (Leukemia HL-60, lung cancer A-549, liver cancer SMMC-7721, breast cancer MCF-7, and colon cancer SW480) on the isolated compounds. However, only compound 4 showed moderate cytotoxicity against these cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 10.28 to 29.70 μM, while the others were inactive. Our chemical investigation also confirmed the absence of jatrophane-type diterpenoids in the species, which may be related to its special habitat.

Wound healing potency of Scratch assay and MTT assay on whole plant methanol extract of Parkinsonia aculeata L.

Wound healing potency of Scratch assay and MTT assay on whole plant methanol extract of Parkinsonia aculeata L.

Chemical characterization and biological abilities of Anthocleista djalonensis collected from two locations of Ivory Coast

AbstractIn this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, HPLC‐DAD detected phytochemicals, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of methanolic and aqueous (as infusion) extracts of the medicinal plant, Anthocleista djalonensis (leaf and stem bark) collected from two locations, Mafiblé and Prikro, in Ivory Coast, were investigated. The ranges of total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 14.17–46.95 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 2.96–34.76 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g, respectively. Antioxidant abilities in terms of radical scavenging, reducing and metal chelating activity of the extracts in different assays were as follows: DPPH (4.90–48.82 mg trolox equivalent [TE]/g), ABTS (21.05–81.89 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (29.54–122.33 mg TE/g), FRAP (17.53–94.06 mg TE/g) and metal chelating (10.09–28.49 mg EDTAE/g. The extracts of A. djalonensis collected from Mafiblé, especially those of stem bark, contained higher level of total bioactive contents compared to Prikro extracts, detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode‐array detection (HPLC‐DAD). Only the methanolic extracts irrespective of plant parts/location, showed inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (1.42–2.12 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g), while only the stem bark methanolic extract of A. djalonensis from Mafiblé was found to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase (0.65 mg GALAE/g). Thus, findings from this study could be useful for better application of the medicinal benefits from this plant.

In vitro Anti-diabetic Activity of Aqueous Methanolic Extract of Ailanthus Altissima Bark

The intestinal digestive enzyme alpha-glucosidase plays a vital role in the carbohydrate digestion. One anti-diabetic therapeutic approach reduces the postprandial glucose level by the inhibition of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of extract of Ailanthus altissima bark, in vitro. Three different plant extracts were formulated by using distilled water, methanol, and a mixture of methanol and water (70:30) to compare the best effect of the extract, while distilled water and metformin were used as negative and positive controls. Four different concentrations of plant extract in all solvents were used to find percentage inhibition of alpha-glucosidase. Maximum percentage inhibition was examined against 1.5 mL of all solvent extracts but aqueous methanolic plant extract showed maximum73% inhibition that was comparable to standard drug inhibition (80%). One-way ANOVA was followed for statistical analysis to find out the P-value based on which most significant and insignificant were declared. Aqueous methanolic plant extract showed the most significant results because the value of p<0.5 through the goodness of the model while aqueous plant extract showed insignificant results because the P- value is > 0.05. The assay results suggest that the presence of bioactive compounds are responsible for the versatile medicinal properties against diabetes, the aqueous methanolic extract exhibit a dose-dependent increase in inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase enzyme up to 73%. The current study proves aqueous methanolic extract of A. altissima bark has anti-diabetic activity in vitro and is a strong candidate for postprandial control of blood glucose level.

Synergistic interaction between Bambusa arundinacea and Euphorbia hirta leaf extract on antioxidant, antiglycation and DNA protective properties.

Oxidative stress and enhanced non-enzymatic protein glycation result in the pathogenesis of various disorders in humans, including diabetes mellitus. This study examined the synergistic action of Bambusa arundinacea with Euphorbia hirta leaf extract for anti-oxidant potential, antiglycation effect on fructose-mediated proteins, and DNA-protective properties. The methanolic extract shows significantly (P<0.01) higher total phenolic and flavonoid content when compared with ethyl acetate and hexane extract in both plants. The combined methanolic extract (CME) of both plants exhibits higher antioxidant potential, as indicated by the lower IC50 values obtained for DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (4.82 μg/ml) and NO (nitric oxide) scavenging activity (3.94 μg/ml) with stronger Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity when compared to B. arundinacea and E. hirta individually. The antiglycation analysis revealed that CME is more potent to inhibit fructose-mediated glycation of human serum albumin (HSA) at the early and middle stages. In addition to this, CME more effectively inhibits protein glycation in the late phase, which was confirmed by declining fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, a high degree of positive correlation was obtained between antioxidant and antiglycation capacities through Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results also demonstrated that CME displays a synergistic effect in protecting DNA from oxidative damage and preventing the formation of glycation of DNA.

Allelopathic effects of some lichens on growth and antioxidant activities of in vitro propagated Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst

The effects of Dermatocarpon miniatum and Parmelia saxatilis lichens on growth, total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and antioxidant potentials of in vitro medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri were investigated. B. monnieri was treated with different concentrations of methanolic and aqueous extracts of D. miniatum and P. saxatilis lichens. Total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of B. monnieri that showed the best growth with lichen application and control plant were investigated. Methanolic extract of allelopathic plants showed strongest DPPH scavenging (IC50: 27.60 mg/L) and metal chelating activities (IC50: 120.29 mg/mL) compared to the control. Also the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of allelopathic samples for both extracts had significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to the control group. Among the whole experimental group, the highest total phenol (93.71 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg extract) and flavonoid (68.34 µg quercetin equivalent/mg extract) contents were detected in methanolic extract of allelopathic plant.

Assessment of antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening in leaf extract of Andrographis paniculate (Burm. f.) nees

Fresh Andrographis paniculata leaves were collected from a local herbal garden, Dehradun and leaves extract was prepared in methanol and ethanol solvent. The free radical scavenging activity of A. paniculata extract against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical was determined with UV-vis spectrophotometer. The IC50 value of methanolic and ethanolic extract of the plant in DPPH was 394.81 and 401.46 μg/mL, while in vitamin C was 285.69 μg/mL. However, the IC50 value of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical for methanolic extract was higher, 399.52 μg/mL than for ethanolic extract, 412.95 μg/mL. In conclusion, methanolic plant extracts were most potent against 50% inhibition and IC50 value and showed a good correlation with total phenolics content. Phyto-chemical analysis of the plant shows the presence of alkaloids, phenols, amino acids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins. A. paniculata has strong antioxidant potential and contains a range of phytochemicals. Therefore, its effectiveness as a medical plant is due to the presence of various phenolics and antioxidant compounds in the plant.

Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract of Thymelaea hirsuta and Anacyclus pyrethrum from Algeria against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria Associated with Skin Infections

Medicinal plants constitute a potential source of bioactive molecules which can provide a new source of antimicrobial agents. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria associated with skin infections and to screen the phytochemical composition of Thymelaea hirsuta and Anacyclus pyrethrum from Algeria. For this purpose, four multi-drug resistant bacteria associated with skin infections were isolated from pus samples compared to Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 were used. The antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts of both plants evaluated at two different concentrations (200 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL) using the agar disc diffusion method revealed that all strains tested showed susceptibility to Thymelaea hirsuta methanol extract with the values recorded for inhibition zone diameters ranging from 11.00 to 25.00 mm at both concentrations: 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL. However, the methanol extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum showed an antibacterial activity only against the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (Staphylococcus aureus 1 at the two concentrations 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL; Staphylococcus aureus 2 and Escherichia coli ATCC259 at the concentration of 200 mg/mL). The phytochemical screening of methanol extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, tannins, quinones and terpanoids; and the absence of alkaloids and anthraquinones in both extracts. However, coumarin was found only in methanol extract of Thymelaea hirsuta. This finding showed a high efficiency of Thymelaea hirsuta methanol extract against multi-drug resistant bacteria associated with skin infections mainly staphylococcus aureus.