Benzene-methanol Mixture Research Articles

Preferential solvation of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(methyl methacrylate) in benzene-methanol mixtures by gel permeation chromatography

Preferential solvation λ parameters for the ternary systems benzene-methanol-poly(dimethylsiloxane) and benzene-methanol-poly(methyl methacrylate) have been determined by gel permeation chromatography. When benzene is preferentially adsorbed by the polymer, good agreement is found between λ values determined by this method and by light scattering and dialysis equilibrium. However, when methanol is preferentially adsorbed by the polymer, discrepancies arise. The differences are discussed in terms of interactions between the solvent and the chromatographic support.

Alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) in the bottom muds of the inner part of Tokyo Bay

The contents of alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) in the bottom sediments were analyzed for the inner part of Tokyo Bay and five inflowing rivers. Methylene blue active substances (MBAS) was extracted from the dired sample with methanol-benzene mixture.

Studies in surface chemistry of carbon blacks-V. Effect of surface oxygen complexes on selective adsorption of non electrolytes from binary liquid mixtures

The effect of carbon-oxygen surface complexes on selective adsorption of methanol-benzene, methanol-carbon tetrachloride and ethanol-cyclohexane mixtures by Mogul has been investigated. The view of previous workers that the combined oxygen as a whole enhances selective adsorption of the more polar component has not been substantiated. Thus while the presence of acidic CO 2-complex enhances preference of the surface for the more polar component that of the non acidic complex in which the oxygen is believed to be fixed at the unsaturated sites has little or no effect. The presence of CO-complex, on the other hand, enhances preference of the surface for benzene, the less polar component of methanol-benzene mixture. This is probably due to the interaction of π electrons of benzene with the partial positive charge on the carbonyl groups present on the surface. These observations suggest the desirability of determining the nature of surface oxygen complexes, and not merely the total oxygen, in understanding the surface behaviour of carbons.

Properties of swollen block copolymer elastomers

AbstractThe linear polyester—urethane block copolymer Estane is soluble in solutions having a solubility parameter of about 10.5. In benzene—methanol mixtures having solubility parameters sufficiently above and below 10.5, it is possible to swell this polymer to a quasi‐equilibrium state. For samples swollen to the same swelling ratio, those in the more polar swelling medium display lower tensile properties. This indicates that, although swelling involves solvation of both the associated rubbery polyester and aromatic urethane segments, the aromatic segments function primarily as quasi‐crosslinks which lead to enhanced physical properties. This is in agreement with previous observations on the mechanical properties of the unswollen elastomer.

GRAFT POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE ONTO POLYVINYL CHLORIDE FIBERS WHICH HAVE IMBIBED CATALYST SOLUTIONS

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fibers (woolly, unstretched and streched) which have imbibed solutions of α, α′-azo-bisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or benzoyl perozide (BPO) were heated mainly with aqueous solutions of acrylonitrile (AN) for the graft polymerization. The heating was carried out at 40° to 75°C in the presence of air in sealed tubes. Concentrations of catalyst solutions were 0.2 to 3%, and a benzene-petroleum benzine mixture (1:1 by volume) or benzene-methanol mixtures was used as solvent for catalysts.When PVC fibers which have imbibed catalyst solutions were heated with an AN-ligroin mixture (1:2 by volume), the grafting did not proceed smoothly, but high graft efficiencies could be obtained by heating in a 10 vol% aqueous solution of AN. A catalytic effect of BPO was similar to that of AIBN. In general, the grafting rates onto PVC fibers were in the order of woolly>stretched>unstretched one. When ca. 3.0g of AN was used per 1.0g of fibers, ca. 2.5 g of AN could be grafted to give easily openable fibers under favorable conditions.Heat shrinkages of PVC fibers were remarkably decreased by the grafting. The shrinkage was dependent not only on the degrees of grafting, but also on the conditions of the grafting and heat-treatments of the fibers after the grafting.

GRAFT POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE AND VINYL ACETATE ONTO POLYVINYL CHLORIDE FIBERS IMBIBING CATALYSTS

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fibers imbibing solutions of various catalysts (K2S2O8, (NH4)2S2O8, H202, BPO and AIBN) were heated with pure styrene, styrene-methanol and styrene-petroleum benzine mixtures in the air in sealed tubes. Solvents in imbibing solutions were water (for K2S2O8, (NH4)2 S2O8 and H2O2), water-methanol mixtures (for (NH4)2S2O8, H2O2 and AIBN), methanol (for AIBN and BPO) and a methanol-benzene mixture (for AIBN and BPO); concentrations of the catalysts were 0.3_??_2%. About 2g of styrene was added per g-fiber, and heated at 30_??_90°C.The grafting was affected by the composition of styrene solutions, the order of the ease of the grafting was pure styrene>styrene-methanol mixture (1:1 by volume)>styrene-petroleum benzine mixture (2:1 by volume). Among the catalysts AIBN was the most effective in contrast with cases of cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol fibers, and the degree of grafting of about 140% was obtained under favorable conditions. Increase of methanol contents in the imbibing solutions accelerated the grafting. These facts may be attributed to the greater affinity of methanol than that of water to PVC fiber.Some experiments were also carried out with dry PVC fiber imbibing catalysts; PVC fiber was at first dipped in catalyst solutions, the solvents of the imbibing solutions were evaporated at room temperature, then the dry fiber was heated with pure styrene. Contrary to the cases of cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol fibers the graft polymerization proceeded rather smoothly. This may be due to the high affinity of styrene to dry PVC fiber.PVC fibers imbibing solutions of various catalysts were also heated with pure vinyl acetate and its solutions, but the degree of grafting greater than about 15% could not be obtained. When dried PVC fibers imbibing AIBN or BPO were heated with a vinyl acetate-petroleum benzine mixture (2:1 by volume), the degree of grafting of about 35% was obtained, whereas when the dry fibers were heated with a vinyl acetate-methanol mixture (1:1 by volume), no desirable results were obtained. These results may be explained by the high affinity of vinyl acetate to dry PVC fiber and the retarding effect of methanol to the grafting.

On the polarographic behaviour of the palmitates and myristates of copper and cobalt

AbstractPyridine complexes of myristates and palmitrates of copper and cobalt were found to be reducible at the dropping mercury electrode in 1) LiCl in 1:1 benzene methanol mixture; 2) MeHSO4 in 1:1 benzene methanol mixture; and 3) KCl in glycol. The diffusion current was found to be a linear function of concentration. Hence it was concluded that this linear relationship can be successfully employed for the estimation of cobalt and copper concentration in their respective soaps.

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF CARBOHYDRATE ACETATES

Thin layer chromatography on silica gel G with benzene–methanol mixtures is a rapid method for the analytical or semimicro preparative separation of low molecular weight carbohydrate acetates. Some mixtures of inositol acetates are also resolved by the same procedure. A sensitive spray reagent has been developed for the analytical detection of acetates on the chromatographic plates and is based on the formation of the ferric hydroxamate of acetic acid. Oligosaccharide acetates are easily detected on a semimicro preparative scale by spraying the chromatographic plates with water, a general, non-destructive method for detection of hydrophobic compounds. The chromatograms can be run in 40 minutes and multiple development can be carried out to improve resolution when necessary.

非水溶液に依るサルファニルアマイド類の定量 (第1報)

N1-3, 4-Dimethylbenzoylsulfanilamide, 3, 4-dimethylsulfanilamidoisoxazole, and 6-sulfanilamido-2, 4-dimethylpyrimidine were successfully titrated in methanol-benzene mixture or pyridine, with 0.1N sodium methoxide, using thymol blue as the indicator. Analysis of variance indicated that the standard deviation of experimental error was 0.3%. The end point was more clear in pyridine solution.

Light Scattering Arising from Composition Fluctuations in Multi-Component Systems

A general theory of Rayleigh scattering due to composition fluctuations in multi-component systems is developed with the aid of the grand canonical ensemble of Gibbs. It reduces to the usual expression for systems of two components, but contains previously neglected terms arising from thermodynamic interactions between solutes in systems of more than two components. The theory is used to interpret the turbidity measurements of polystyrene in benzene-methanol mixtures of Ewart, Roe, Debye, and McCartney.