Metastasis Of Prostate Carcinoma Research Articles

Rare Case of Testicular Metastasis of Prostate Carcinoma after 13 Years of Prostatectomy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Metastasis of prostate cancer to the testes is a rare phenomenon, often indicating advanced-stage disease. This case report details a 79-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer, who underwent endoscopic-extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. The patient subsequently received radiation therapy for local recurrences. Thirteen years post-surgery, a testicular ultrasound revealed a cystic mass in the left testis, initially suspected to be a primary neoplasm. However, pathology with immunohistochemical analyses confirmed metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma. Testicular metastasis of prostate cancer is uncommon, underscoring the aggressiveness and potential spread of the tumor. Clinically evident testicular metastases develop in only a small percentage of prostate cancer patients. This case report highlights the importance of considering metastatic disease in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses and the necessity of clinicopathologic correlation in such evaluations. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for managing testicular metastasis and improving patient outcomes. The case also emphasizes the significance of long-term follow-up in prostate cancer patients, as metastasis can occur many years post-initial treatment. Furthermore, it illustrates the critical role of advanced imaging techniques and thorough pathological assessments in identifying and managing metastatic spread. This report contributes to the limited but growing body of literature on testicular metastasis from prostate cancer, providing insights for clinicians in recognizing and managing this rare but serious complication. It underscores the need for ongoing research to better understand the mechanisms of metastatic spread and develop targeted therapeutic strategies.

Metastatic onset of prostate carcinoma: A clinical and pathological challenge.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer, following lung cancer, and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. The onset of the disease, characterized by symptoms or changes caused by distant metastases, is rare and poses a challenge for clinicians and pathologists. We aimed to present a series of prostate carcinoma (PC) with unusual, histologically confirmed distant metastases (pM1) at the time of diagnosis, which raised suspicions of other types or origins of the primary tumor. Patients diagnosed with PC and distant metastases within a five-year timeframe (2017-2022) were extracted from the hospital database. The following data were collected: patient's age, imaging data, serum PSA level, and histopathological evaluation results. Patients with unusual distant metastases were selected and analyzed. We identified 10 patients in whom the diagnosis of PC was established following histopathological examination of tissue taken from distant metastatic sites (pM1). In three patients, the location of distant metastases was unusual: retroperitoneal, cranial/dural/epicranial and supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes which posed diagnostic challenges. Establishing the prostate origin of the tumor relied on immunohistochemical (IHC) investigation guided by clinical-imaging information. A metastasis of PC may rarely present as a cranial/dural tumor, retroperitoneal, or supradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathies in a man over the age of 50, but it should be taken into consideration. In the absence of correlated clinical, imaging, and histopathological/IHC data, diagnosing distant metastasis from PC is difficult, especially considering its potentially confusing IHC profile.

Bicytopenia Revealing an Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastatic Prostatic Carcinoma

Usually revealed by lower urinary tract symptoms, prostate neoplasms are the most frequent urological cancer. The patient was a 70-year-old man being explored for bicytopenia in the hematology department: anemia and bicytopenia with no urinary symptoms in the first plan. Bone marrow biopsy was done and the histological and immunohistochemical concluded in an intramedullary spinal cord metastasis of an undifferentiated prostatic carcinoma. We have reviewed the literature one other case of intramedullary metastasis of prostatic cancer was detected but the main symptoms were neurological and the patient was already diagnosed with his cancer.

Noninvasive Verification of a Very Small Intraocular Prostate Carcinoma Metastasis by 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT.

A male patient underwent 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for the evaluation of a suspected intraocular metastasis in the right eye. Although the choroidal thickening was very small (4 × 2 mm), and ophthalmoscopy as well as MRI were inconclusive, PET/CT imaging showed distinct PSMA expression in the suspected lesion, confirming prostate cancer metastasis. The ability of dedicated PSMA ligand PET/CT imaging to detect small metastases, even with 68Ga-labeled ligands, has been demonstrated. Therefore, the use of further invasive diagnostic procedures could be avoided. Thus, the possibility of detecting intraocular metastases of prostate cancer should be considered in routine PET/CT imaging.

Sternal Abnormalities on Thoracic Radiographs of Dogs and Cats.

Evaluation of the sternum is part of the routine examination of small animal thoracic radiographs. However, descriptions on frequency and type of abnormalities are lacking. This retrospective observational study aimed to describe abnormal radiographic findings of the sternum in a cross-section of client-owned dogs and cats undergoing thoracic radiography between 1 January 2019 and 1 January 2021 for reasons unrelated to diseases of the sternum. The study population consisted of 777 dogs (mean age, 7.3 ± 3.9 years) and 183 cats (mean age, 7.3 ± 5.1 years). Sternal abnormalities were observed in 189/777 (24%) dogs and 53/183 (29%) cats, mostly around the intersternebral cartilages, accounting for 32/80 (40%) dogs and 20/35 (57%) cats. This was followed by an abnormal number of sternal segments (8% dogs, range 3-9 sternebrae; 15% cats, range 7-9 sternebra). Pectus excavatum was observed in 6/777 (0.8%) dogs and 6/183 (3%) cats, and pectus carinatum in 18/777 (2%) dogs and 2/183 (1%) cats. Post-traumatic changes, such as subluxation, were observed in nine dogs (1.1%) and three cats (1.6%). Presumed prostatic carcinoma metastasis and malignant lymphoma were observed in two dogs (0.2%). Incidental radiographic sternal abnormalities are common in cats and dogs but mostly of unknown clinical relevance.

Follicular thyroid carcinoma detected in ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging. Case report.

Introduction: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein located on the cell membrane, initially discovered in prostate cells, and highly expressed in the cells and metastases of prostate carcinoma. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is a molecular imaging technique widely used in the algorithm of this pathology. PSMA expression has been observed in several malignancies, usually incidentally. We report a case of follicular thyroid carcinoma detected in ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT. To our knowledge, only 3 cases have been reported in the literature to date. Clinical findings: Patient with a history of prostate cancer adenocarcinoma, who after initial treatment, presented biochemical recurrence. A Ga68-PSMA PET/CT was performed, showing uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in the left thyroid lobe. Interventions: The patient was evaluated by the head and neck specialty, taken to total thyroidectomy plus central dissection. The pathology report confirms a follicular thyroid carcinoma. Conclusion: Ga68-PSMA PET/CT is a molecular image with high diagnostic performance in prostate cancer, however, its uptake in other solid tumors is well established, so attention should be paid to these uptakes, since the the vast majority may be related to another type of primary tumor. This is an example of PSMA uptake in follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.

Meclofenamic acid inhibits the invasion and migration of LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells by regulating vimentin expression

Objectives: Despite various studies to improve the early detection and development of novel treatment agents, no significant progress has been made in the treatment of prostate cancer. Moreover, the metastasis of prostate carcinoma is a major challenge in treatment modalities. Therefore, in the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of meclofenamic acid (MA), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on the migration and invasion of LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells.
 Methods: Firstly, the non-toxic concentrations of MA on LNCaP cells were determined by trypan blue exclusion assay. After that, the effect of MA on migration and invasion was assessed by wound healing assay and matrigel invasion assay, respectively. Finally, the expression level of vimentin, which is a marker for epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition, was assessed by western blotting.
 Results: The results of trypan blue exclusion assay showed that 60 and 80 µM concentrations of MA were non-toxic to the cells. The migration rate of non-treated control cells was 44.4%, while it was significantly reduced to 12.9% and 2.9% in 60 and 80 µM MA-treated groups, respectively. When the cells were treated with 80 µM MA, the drug significantly reduced the invasion of LNCaP cells from 52% to 30.3%. Western blot results showed that the level of vimentin expression was significantly decreased in MA-treated cells.
 Conclusion: The study shows for the first time that MA inhibits the invasion and migration of prostate cancer LNCaP cells by decreasing the expression level of vimentin.

The Expression of miR-205 in Prostate Carcinoma and the Relationship with Prognosis in Patients.

Purpose We aimed to investigate the changes of serum and cell exosome miR-205 levels in patients with prostate carcinoma and its clinical significance. Materials and Methods Firstly, pronouncement of miR-205 in normal and prostate carcinoma tissues was analyzed by using UALCAN database. The relationship between miR-205 in tumor tissues and the pathological and clinical characteristics of patients with prostate carcinoma were analyzed. Consequently, 60 people with prostate carcinoma were collected to the Minhang Hospital from August 2016 to August 2021. Serum of patients in the two groups was collected, and RNA in serum exosomes was extracted, and qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of miR-205 mediated by serum exosomes. Meanwhile, the relationship among the clinical as well as pathological aspects and bodement of patients with prostate carcinoma and the pronouncement level of miR-205 mediated by exosome was compared. Next, assays like wound healing and CKK-8 were used to investigate the effects of miR-205 in exosomes extracted from prostate carcinoma on the augmentation and metastasis of prostate carcinoma. Results The results showed that the pronouncement level of miR-205 in tissues with prostate carcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal prostate tissues. In addition, the pronouncement level of miR-205 in fluid exosome of people with prostate carcinoma and exosomes derived from the lines of prostate carcinoma was considerably less than that in serum exosomes of healthy patients and that of normal cell lines of prostate. The pronouncement level of miR-205 in fluid exosomes of people with prostate carcinoma was negatively associated with cancer phase, uncontrolled cell division in lymph nodes, distant metastasis, and PSA level at initial diagnosis. Analysis (multivariate and univariate) showed that miR-205 pronouncement was a sovereign threat cause for prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Additionally, the pronouncement and metastasis of prostate carcinoma can be restricted by the overexpression of miR-205. Conclusion The pronouncement of miR-205 in liquid derived exosomes is correlated with the prediction of people with prostate carcinoma and may be a new marker for identification and cure of prostate carcinoma.

FROM THE PROSTATE TO THE LUNGS WITHOUT ANY BONY STOPOVERS

TOPIC: Lung Cancer TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Lung metastases have been reported in over 40 percent of men with prostate cancer (1). One third to half of patients have metastasis at time of presentation with bone involvement in 90 percent of the cases. Prostate cancer that metastasizes to the lungs without any bone metastasis is a rare occurrence (2). CASE PRESENTATION: A 75-year-old male veteran presented with complaints of hemoptysis, weight loss, and fatigue for approximately three months. In regards to malignancy associated risk factors, he was a former smoker and had previous exposure to agent orange. Upon presentation, he had a history of prostate cancer, diagnosed 7 years prior and treated with brachytherapy and leuprolide injections in the setting of biochemical recurrence. Due to concern for recurrence of prostate cancer based on his current clinical presentation, he underwent a bone scan and DEXA scan, both of which did not reveal any lesions to suggest metastatic disease. Additionally, CT abdomen/pelvis revealed no evidence of periprostatic lesions, lymphadenopathy, or osteoblastic/osteolytic lesions. CT thorax showed multiple bilateral pulmonary lesions as follows: right major and minor fissure, right posterior medial pleural cavity with the largest cluster in the left lower lobe/major fissure measuring 3.6 x 2.7 x 2.7 cm. No definite lymphadenopathy or osseous lesions were identified. Patient then underwent a PET/CT scan, which confirmed bilateral FDG-avid pulmonary masses and showed borderline prominent FDG-avid mediastinal, right hilar, and right supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. At this time, with a high suspicion for a new primary malignancy rather than metastasis, the patient underwent CT-guided core biopsy of the left lesions followed by the right lesions two weeks later. The left lung biopsy demonstrated tumour cells strongly positive for TTF-1, negative for p40 which was consistent with adenocarcinoma of the lung. A diagnosis of new primary lung cancer was assumed until the right lung biopsy revealed carcinoma that was strongly positive for TTF-1 and NKX3.1, suggestive of malignant adenocarcinoma originating in the prostate. DISCUSSION: Although TTF-1 is often expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung, it is not very specific and can be positive in adenocarcinomas from various anatomic sites. Meanwhile, NKX3.1 is not as sensitive but is very specific for prostatic carcinomas (3). Isolated lung metastases without concurrent bone or lymph node metastases is uncommon and only reported in a few published literatures. Diagnosis can be challenging, but is crucial in ensuring effective treatment for the patient. CONCLUSIONS: This case emphasizes the importance of considering prostate cancer in the differential diagnosis of male patients presenting with pulmonary nodules, even in the absence of bony metastasis. It also demonstrates the importance of immunohistochemistry in identifying the site of origin for cancer lesions. REFERENCE #1: Saitoh H, Hida M and Shimbo T (1984) Metastatic Patterns of Prostatic Cancer Correlation Between Sites and Number of Organs Involved Cancer 54 3078–3084 PMID: 6498785 REFERENCE #2: Kume H, Takai K, Kameyama S, Kawabe K. (1999) Multiple Pulmonary Metastasis of Prostatic Carcinoma with Little or No bone or Lymph Node Metastasis. Urologia Internationalis (62) 44-47. https://doi.org/10.1159/00003035 REFERENCE #3: Conner JR, Hornick JL. Metastatic Carcinoma of Unknown Primary: Diagnostic Approach Using Immunohistochemistry. Adv Anat Pathol. 2015 May;22(3):149-67. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000069. PMID: 25844674 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Man Dai, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Jessica Gosse, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Patricia Morissette, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Steven Yi, source=Web Response

Occult prostate carcinoma with metastasis to the mandible presenting as numb chin syndrome

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death due to malignancy in men. Occult malignancy presenting with no primary symptoms could be a challenge to the diagnostician. Metastasis of prostate carcinoma to the mandible is rare and usually presents with non-specific symptoms. Only 1% of oral cancers account for lesions which present as metastasis of other primary malignancies. We report a rare case of prostate carcinoma being diagnosed as metastasis to the mandible with the patient presenting with numb chin syndrome.

Cutaneous metastases of prostatic carcinoma: A new case report

Cutaneous metastases of prostatic carcinoma: A new case report

Metastasis of prostate carcinoma to the thyroid cartilage presenting with airway obstruction

It is generally presumed that large neck masses resulting in airway obstruction are associated with a primary neoplastic problem in the upper aero-digestive tract mucosa, usually a carcinoma. Metastasis into...

An IgG‐based bispecific antibody for improved dual targeting in PSMA‐positive cancer

The prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been demonstrated in numerous studies to be expressed specifically on prostate carcinoma cells and on the neovasculature of several other cancer entities. However, the simultaneous expression of PSMA on both, tumor cells as well as tumor vessels remains unclear, even if such “dual” expression would constitute an important asset to facilitate sufficient influx of effector cells to a given tumor site. We report here on the generation of a PSMA antibody, termed 10B3, which exerts superior dual reactivity on sections of prostate carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. 10B3 was used for the construction of T‐cell recruiting bispecific PSMAxCD3 antibodies in Fab‐ and IgG‐based formats, designated Fabsc and IgGsc, respectively. In vitro, both molecules exhibited comparable activity. In contrast, only the larger IgGsc molecule induced complete and durable elimination of established tumors in humanized mice due to favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Upon treatment of three patients with metastasized prostate carcinoma with the IgGsc reagent, marked activation of T cells and rapid reduction of elevated PSA levels were observed.

Man With Painless Vision Loss

A 53-year-old man with metastatic small cell prostate cancer presented with 10 days of painless vision decrease in his right eye, accompanied by optical debris and a dull diffuse headache but no acute systemic symptoms. Physical examination demonstrated nasal hemianopia in the right eye and intact visual fields in the left eye. The visual acuity, pupillary examination, and extraocular movements were normal bilaterally. The emergency physician performed bedside ocular ultrasonography (Figure 1) to rule out retinal detachment and confirmed the diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbits (Figure 2).Figure 2Orbital MRI with T-1 weighting, demonstrating a 6-mm choroidal lesion (arrow).View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) Choroidal metastasis of small cell prostate carcinoma. Fundoscopic examination demonstrated a bullous mass in the temporal macula, with serous retinal detachment. MRI revealed a 6-mm intraocular lesion with six 1- to 2-mm intracranial lesions. At the patient’s request, he was discharged with outpatient oncology follow-up. The differential diagnosis for partial vision loss includes retinal detachment, vitreous detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, and lens dislocation,1Walker R.A. Adhikari S. Eye emergencies.in: Tintinalli J.E. Stapczynski J.S. Ma O.J. Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 8th ed. McGraw-Hill Education, New York, NY2016: 1572-1575Google Scholar and ultrasonography can be critical for rapid evaluation.2Tham E. Ocular ultrasound.in: Carmody K.A. Moore C.L. Feller-Kopman D. Handbook of Critical Care and Emergency Ultrasound. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY2011: 185Google Scholar Fixed lesions are pathognomonic of choroidal detachment.3Lyon M. Jehle D.V. Ocular.in: Ma O.J. Mateer J.R. Reardon R.F. Ma and Mateer's Emergency Ultrasound. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill Education, New York, NY2014: 250Google Scholar Although prostate cancer metastasizes to the choroid,4Folberg R. The eye.in: Kumar V. Abbas A.K. Fausto N. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 8th ed. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA2010: 1356Google Scholar orbital metastases, regardless of cause, imply a median survival of 15 months.5Shields J.A. Shields C.L. Brotman H.K. et al.Cancer metastatic to the orbit: the 2000 Robert M. Curts Lecture.Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001; 17: 346-354Crossref PubMed Scopus (249) Google Scholar

Prostate carcinoma cell-derived exosomal MicroRNA-26a modulates the metastasis and tumor growth of prostate carcinoma

Prostate carcinoma may develop into metastatic castration-resistant prostate carcinoma (mCRPC) after endocrine therapy. Exosomal microRNAs play an important role in the regulation of tumor microenvironment. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of exosomal miR-26a on tumor phenotype of prostate carcinoma. Low-grade prostate carcinoma cell line (LNCAP) and mCRPC cell line (PC-3) were treated as experimental subjects according to their miR-26a expressions. Wound healing, transwell and colony-forming unit assays were performed after miR-26a mimic/inhibitor transfection. Then, exosomes were isolated from LNCAP and PC-3 cells, and the levels of exosomal miR-26a were determined. After co-culture of LNCAP (PC-3) cells with PC-3 (LNCAP) exosomes, changes in malignant behaviors were measured. Moreover, LNCAP/PC-3 exosomes were injected into xenograft tumor mice to determine effects of the exosomes on tumorigenicity of LNCAP and PC-3 cells. MiR-26a showed a potently inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, migration and invasion of LNCAP and PC-3 cells. LNCAP exosomes had a higher miR-26a level, compared with PC-3 exosomes. Overexpression of miR-26a attenuated the enhanced malignant behavior of LNCAP cells induced by PC-3 exosomes, and miR-26a inhibition could reverse the inhibitory effects of LNCAP exosomes on PC-3 cells. Exosomal miR-26a could significantly alter the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors. Moreover, LNCAP exosomes suppressed the tumorigenicity of PC-3 cells, while PC-3 exosomes could promote the tumorigenicity of LNCAP cells. Our data suggest that exosomal miR-26a derived from prostate carcinoma cells had a suppressive effect on the metastasis and tumor growth of prostate carcinoma.

Tumour-to-Tumour Metastasis Phenomenon: Metastatic Prostatic Adenocarcinoma within an Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma in the Brain of a Dog

A 10-year-old entire male French bulldog was presented following clusters of generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizures. Neurolocalization was consistent with a lesion in the left forebrain. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a large, ill-defined, intra-axial, space-occupying lesion at the level of the left temporal and parietal lobes, causing marked compression of the adjacent parenchyma. Computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen was consistent with disseminated metastatic disease. The dog was humanely destroyed and subjected to necropsy examination. Histological examination of the brain revealed a metastasis of prostatic carcinoma within an anaplastic oligodendroglioma in the left forebrain. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report describing clinical, imaging and histopathological features of an intracranial tumour-to-tumour metastasis in the brain of a dog.

Extensive Metastases in Prostatic Carcinoma with Normal Prostate-Specific Antigen and Raised Carcinoembryonic Antigen – Small Cell Carcinoma of Prostate: A Rare Entity

AbstractSmall cell carcinoma of prostate is a neuroendocrine tumor of prostate seen in 0.5%–2% of men with carcinoma prostate. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a common tumor marker which is often raised in prostatic carcinoma. However, prostatic carcinoma can progress with normal or low serum PSA levels at the time of diagnosis. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor marker of different carcinomas. Small cell carcinoma prostate is a highly aggressive tumor which can progress with normal or low serum PSA levels and raised CEA levels. We report a case of 65-year-old male with enlarged prostate with extra-prostatic spread, hepatic metastases, metastatic retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes, osteoblastic metastasis in lumbar spine with normal serum PSA, and raised CEA levels. Prostatic biopsy was suggestive of small cell carcinoma.

Role of nm23H1 in predicting metastases in prostatic carcinoma

Non-metastatic nm23H1 gene is thought to play a critical role in cell proliferation. Studies of nm23H1 have been done in many other malignancies. But none of these studies took up nm23H1 gene as predictor in the metastases of prostatic carcinoma. To study the expression of nm23H1 in prostatic lesion and to correlate nm23H1 expression with presence of metastases, tumour stage, tumour grade and with PSA level serum. Tertiary hospital based retrospective and prospective study done in a period of one year from thirty patients having prostatic lesion confirmed by biopsy. Immunohistochemistry for nm23H1 was performed on unstained coated sections of prostatic lesions to study the relation with prostatic lesion and their correlation with age, PSA level, tumour stage, grading. Clinical data was collected from medical records. SPSS Version 15 analysis software was used. The value were presented in number(%) and Mean ± SD. Majority of patients belong to age group 61 to 70yrs.Gleason score >7 were seen in 55% of patients of adenocarcinoma with and without metastasis. The difference in PSA levels between BPH and adenocarcinoma was significant (P < 0.001). IHC expression for nm23H1 gene showed positive findings in all the cases (P = 1). PSA values >20ng/ml showed maximum % mean expression (98.64%) as compared to PSA levels <10 ng/ml (96.91%). IHC expression of nm23H1 is not an effective tool to distinguish among the cases of BPH, adenocarcinoma of prostate with and without metastasis. Hence nm23H1 gene does not behave like an antimetastatic gene in prostatic lesions.

TMEM45B is a novel predictive biomarker for prostate cancer progression and metastasis.

It is urgently needed to explore the clinical relevance of TMEM45B expression and Prostate cancer(PCa), and determine the predictive significance of TMEM45B as a biomarker for PCa patients.Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of PCa with different metastatic potential (LTL-418, LTL-313B, LTL-313H and LTL-331) were developed. The gene expression microarray of LTL-313H and LTL-313B, which derived from a single PCa patient, was performed to identify the candidate biomarker gene, TMRM45B. MSKCC and TCGA PCa patient cohorts were introduced to analyzed the clinical significance of TMEM45B expression. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that there was a significant increase of TMEM45B expression in high metastatic potential tumor lines LTL-313H and LTL-331 compared with the other two low metastatic potential tumor lines(LTL-418, LTL-313B). In MSKCC PCa cohort, the mRNA level of TMEM45B in patients with metastasis was significantly higher than that in primary PCa (P=0.001) and begin prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients (P<0.001). In addition, the increased TMEM45B expression was positively related with a higher possibility of biochemical recurrence (P=0.016), distant metastasis occurrence(P<0.001) and overall patient survival (P=0.07). Moreover, TMEM45B expression was considered as an independent risk factor for metastasis of PCa based on multivariate logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with elevated TMEM45B had a shorter biochemical recurrence free survival (RFS). For primary PCa patients, subgroup analysis showed that there was a significant association between TMEM45B expression and clinical features in primary PCa cohort. Meanwhile, cases with elevated TMEM45B were more likely to develop metastasis compared to the normal group among N0 primary PCa patients (P=0.010). Primary PCa patient cohort TCGA was used to validate the results, and an obvious relationship was found between TMEM45B and clinical characteristic of PCa (T/N stage, Gleason score, Recurrence / Progress). Furthermore, a significant poor disease free survival (DFS) was investigated in high-level of TMEM45B patients compared with the other remaining cases (P=0.007). Taken together, the increased expression of TMEM45B appears to be significantly associated with prostate carcinoma progression and metastasis which provide a new prognostic biomarker for predicting metastatic potential of PCa patients, especially for primary PCa.

Sacrectomía parcial por abordaje posterior único. [Partial sacrectomy by single posterior approach.

&lt;p class="TRABAJOS"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introducción: &lt;/strong&gt;Los tumores del sacro corresponden a menos del 7% de los tumores espinales. Prevalecen los secundarios por mieloma múltiple o carcinomas de próstata, mama, pulmón o colón. De los primarios, el cordoma es el maligno más frecuente y el tumor de células gigantes el benigno.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="TRABAJOS"&gt;Por su evolución, compromiso de estructuras extra óseas y la escasa respuesta a la coadyuvancia, la cirugía es el tratamiento más utilizado, la vía de abordaje y la necesidad de instrumentación dependerá del tumor a tratar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="TRABAJOS"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objetivos:&lt;/strong&gt; Los objetivos de este trabajo son: evaluar la utilización de resección parcial de sacro, analizar la técnica quirúrgica y reconocer complicaciones.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="TRABAJOS"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material y métodos:&lt;/strong&gt; Cuatro pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor sacro ubicado por debajo de S1, que consulta por dolor y que las imágenes confirman la lesión. A todos se les realiza una resección en bloque por vía posterior preservando S1. Se describe la técnica.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="TRABAJOS"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Resultados:&lt;/strong&gt; La anatomopatológica fue: un cordoma, un tumor maligno de vaina nerviosa, un condrosarcoma y una metástasis de carcinoma prostático. Se preservo la función de S1 en todos los pacientes; uno presenta disfunción vesical permanente. Se observaron una dehiscencia de herida, una infección y fistula de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Con un seguimiento entre 6 y 24 meses todos los pacientes se encuentran libre de patología.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="TRABAJOS"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusiones: &lt;/strong&gt;La resección parcial del sacro por abordaje único vía posterior puede ser indicada cuando la lesión comprometa desde S2 hacia distal y sin compromiso sacroilíaco. La preservación de raíces es de vital importancia para garantizar mejores resultados post operatorios y menor tasa de infección.&lt;/p&gt;