Metastasis Of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Research Articles

T2028 Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the Metalloproteinase-7 Increases Susceptibility and Risk of Metastasis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma

T2028 Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the Metalloproteinase-7 Increases Susceptibility and Risk of Metastasis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Associated with the Metastasis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma to Cervical Lymph Nodes

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome presents characteristic signs and symptoms that sometimes constitute a medical emergency (1). Most SVC syndromes are generally associated with advanced malignant diseases that cause invasion of the venous intima or an extrinsic mass effect. Lung, breast, and mediastinal neoplasms are common causes of SVC syndrome, while gastrointestinal neoplasms rarely cause it (2). We report herein a woman with gastric cancer in cardia that developed SVC syndrome, after initial chemoradiotherapy of the primary tumor.

Neuroendoscopic Management of a Solitary Pineal Region Tumor. Case Report of an Adenocarcinoma Metastasis

The present case describes a two-step endoscopic management of hydrocephalus and diagnosis of a single pineal region metastasis arising from a gastric adenocarcinoma. A 62-year-old man presenting with signs of subacute obstructive hydrocephalus from a pineal region mass had at first been treated with an endoscopic third ventriculostomy. As cerebrospinal fluid tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin) were negative, an endoscopic biopsy of the pineal region tumor was performed through a more anterior frontal burr hole. Pathology showed an adenocarcinoma and primary tumor work-up revealed an unsuspected gastric tumor, the pathology of which matched with the intracranial metastasis. The present report emphasizes the role of neuroendoscopy in pineal region tumors and reports a rare case of a solitary gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis in this location.

Vesical metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma

Metastatic vesical tumors are rare, and constitute approximately 1% of all neoplasias affecting this organ. The authors report the case of a 63-year old woman with vesical metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Patient presented signs of cachexia and complained of left lumbar pain and dysuria unresponsive to antibiotic therapy for approximately 5 months. She reported a previous partial gastrectomy due to ulcerative undifferentiated gastric adenocarcinoma 1 year and 9 months before. Cystoscopy revealed an extensive vegetative lesion in bladder, occupying its entire mucosal surface. The biopsy revealed metastatic signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma.

Overexpression of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) in gastric adenocarcinoma.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of c-FLIP [cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein, where FLICE is Fas-associated death domain (FADD)-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme] expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and its possible implications for the progression of the cancer. Expression of c-FLIP in 48 gastric adenocarcinomas and their normal counterparts was analysed by reverse transcriptase PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In situ cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling) assay. As a result, c-FLIP transcripts were constitutively expressed in gastric adenocarcinomas and their levels were significantly higher than those in matched normal tissues ( P < 0.01). Immunohistochemically, the c-FLIP protein was also found to be expressed in all gastric adenocarcinomas (48/48), and 68.8% (33/48) showed an intense immunostaining; in contrast, only 75% (36/48) of normal gastric mucosa showed positive staining and none of them immunostained intensely. The abundance of c-FLIP protein was significantly higher in carcinoma than in normal gastric mucosa (6.93 +/- 0.58 versus 3.19 +/- 0.26, P < 0.01) and showed a reverse correlation with apoptotic index in adenocarcinoma, but not in normal mucosa. In addition, abundance of c-FLIP was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis at both mRNA level ( P < 0.05) and protein level ( P < 0.01). Western-blot analysis showed that the expression levels of the long form of c-FLIP and the short form of c-FLIP in adenocarcinomas were 2.6-fold and 2.8-fold ( P < 0.01) higher than those in normal tissues respectively. However, no significant difference was found between the expression levels of the two isoforms in both adenocarcinomas or normal tissues. In conclusion, overexpression of c-FLIP is tumour specific, which may be one of the in vivo mechanisms by which tumour cells escape from apoptotic death during the malignant transformation, and plays an important role in lymph node metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma, which ultimately contributes to the tumour progression.

Correlation of histological heterogeneity and lymph node metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma

AIM: To study the possible correlation between the intratumor histological heterogeneity and degree of lymph node metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma and to explore the clinical significance of histological heterogeneity in gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Tumor specimens were collected from 138 gastric adenocarcinoma cases in which lymph nodes were also checked. All tumor specimens were consecutively cut into serial sections and examined by microscope. The intratumor histological heterogeneity was defined by finding of at least two histological subtypes. Total number of metastatic lymph nodes was counted. And staging was conducted according to the classification of UICC/ AJCC standard. The N stage distributions of intratumor histological heterogeneity were examined and compared. RESULTS: The incidence of intratumor histological heterogeneity was 58.7% in 138 specimens of gastric adenocarcinoma. It was two-subtype histological heterogeneity that were found in most positive specimens (69/81, 85%). More than half of them were of glandular plus poorly differential types (42/69, 60.9%). A total of 8568 lymph nodes were found in 138 cases (average 62.1). 33 cases of N0, 36 N1, 29 N2 and 40 N3 were identified according to the N classification of UICC/ AJCC standard. Intratumor histological heterogeneity was found in 36% of the N0 group and 80% of N3 group. Distribution of intratumor histological heterogeneity displayed difference among the N stages, which was of high statistical significance (χ 2 =14.86, P 0.05). CONCLUSION: The intratumor histological heterogeneity can be seen as a frequent event in gastric adenocarcinoma (58%). Intratumor histological heterogeneity is found evidently correlated with lymph node metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Relationship and siginificance of nm23 expression and the cell cycle of gastric adenocarcinoma

Objective To explore the relationship and significance between nm23 and cell cycle factors (PCNA, SPF) in 65 cases of primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods The expressions of nm23 ?PCNA and SPF (S\|phase fraction ) were investigated by using SP immunohistochemical staining ,Feulgen DNA histochemical staining and image analysis. Results All their expressions were correlated with tumor metastasis;there is an inversing association between nm23 and PCNA?SPF. Conclusion nm23 gene can suppress the metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. The possible mechanism is the nm23 gene can suppress the tumor cellular proliferative cycle

Screening and identification of gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis-related genes using cDNA microarray coupled to FDD-PCR.

To identify certain gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis-related genes, an RF-1 cell line (primary tumor from a gastric adenocarcinoma patient) and an RF-48 cell line (its metastatic counterpart) were used as a model for studying the molecular mechanism of tumor metastasis. Two fluorescent cDNA probes, labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 dyes, were prepared from RF-1 and RF-48 mRNA samples by the reverse transcription method. The two color probes were then mixed and hybridized to a cDNA chip constructed with double-dots from 4,096 human genes, and scanned at two wavelengths. The experiment was repeated twice. Differentially expressedn genes from the above two cells were analyzed by use of computer. Of the total genes, 138 (3.4%) revealed differential expression in RF-48 cells compared with RF-1 cells: 81 (2.1%) genes revealed apparent up-regulation, and 56 (1.3%) genes revealed down-regulation. Forty-five genes involved in gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis were cloned using fluorescent differential display-PCR (FDD-PCR), including three novel genes. There were seven differentially expressed genes that presented the same behaviour under both detection methods. The possible roles of some differentially expressed genes, which may be involved in the mechanism of tumor metastasis, were discussed. cDNA chip was used to analyze gene expression in a high-throughput and large-scale manner in combination with FDD-PCR for cloning unknown novel genes. Some genes related to metastasis were preliminarily scanned, which would contribute to disclose the molecular mechanism of gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis and provide new targets for therapeutic intervention.

Analysis of Hepatic Resection of Metastasis Originating From Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Few patients with metastatic gastric cancer have disease that is amenable to curative surgery. Thus far, little is known about liver surgery for metastases arising from gastric adenocarcinoma and prognostic factors. Of 73 patients operated on between 1980 and 1999 for noncolorectal, non-neuroendocrine hepatic metastases, 15 underwent liver resection for gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis. Ten patients underwent synchronous hepatic resection and five underwent metachronous hepatic surgery after a median disease-free interval of 10 months (range 6.1 to 47.3 months). None of the patients died within the first 30 days after surgery, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 6.7%. Among patients in the synchronous group, 26.7% experienced major complications mainly associated with gastric surgery. Overall median survival was 8.8 months (range 4 to 51 months); two patients survived more than 3 years. Univariate analysis revealed that the appearance of liver metastasis (synchronous vs. metachronous), the distribution of liver metastases (unilobar vs. bilobar), and the primary tumor site (proximal vs. distal) were marginally significant predictive factors regarding overall survival. Because of its high morbidity, synchronous liver resection for metastases originating from gastric adenocarcinoma is rarely followed by survival longer than 2 years. Primary tumor localization within the proximal third of the stomach and bilobar liver involvement appear to be predictive of poor outcome. On the other hand, curative resection of metachronous liver metastases may allow long-term survival in selected patients. ( J Gastrointest Surg 2002;6:682–689.)

胃腺癌nm23、Bcl-2、PCNA表达与癌浸润转移关系的研究

Objective To explore the possible mechanism of cancer invasion and metastasis.Methods The expressions of nm23、Bcl 2 and PCNA were investigated in 65 cases of primary gastric adenocarcinoma by using S P immunohistochemical staining.Results (1) The expression of nm23 was correlated with tumor differentiation and metastasis;Bcl 2 was correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis;as well as PCNA expression was correlated with tumor differentiation,invasion and metastasis.(2) There was a striking association between PCNA expression and nm23 expression,wheras an inversing associaton between PCNA expression and Bcl 2 expression.conclusion (1) nm23 gene can suppress the metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma.(2) The development (invasion and metastasis) of gastric adenocarcinoma is a result of tumor cellular constantly prolifer active potention and suppression of cellular apoptosis.

上顎歯肉に転移した胃腺癌の１例

A rare case of metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma to the maxillary gingiva is reported. A 65-year-old man had an epulis-like mass on the incisal region of the maxillary gingiva. The patient had a history of gastric adenocarcinoma, and the lower two thirds of the stomach had been resected.The mass was completely removed, with partial resection of the maxilla. The clinical course was good, with no evidence of recurrence. Histopathological examination showed that the oral tumor was a tubular adenocarcinoma morphologically similar to adenocarcinoma of the stomach.Metastatic tumors to the oral cavity usually arise in the mandible. To our knowledge, only 2 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the incisal region of the maxillary gingiva, including ours have been reported.

Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, its receptor, and its inhibitor in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues.

The plasminogen and plasmin system, which is mainly regulated by urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR) and its inhibitor (PAI-1), is generally believed to play a role in cancer invasion and metastasis. This study was conducted to investigate the role of uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 in the invasion and metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. The expression of mRNAs for uPA and PAI-1 was determined by Northern blot analysis in nine primary gastric cancer tissues, nine paired metastatic lymph nodes and normal gastric mucosa. The mRNA of uPA was not or faintly detected in normal mucosa, while the expression was increased in both primary gastric cancer tissues and metastatic lymph nodes to a similar degree. The mRNA expression for PAI-1 in the gastric cancer tissues was not different from that in the paired metastatic lymph nodes and normal mucosae. uPAR was determined by immunohistochemical staining, demonstrating that five (56%) and six (67%) out of nine primary gastric cancer tissues and nine paired metastatic lymph nodes were positive, respectively and the intensity was stronger in metastatic lymph nodes. The results support the concept that most gastric cancer cells may have an innately moderate level of uPA and uPAR, and that increase of uPAR expression can be considered to be closely associated with cancer invasion and metastasis.

筋肉内に限局した胃癌転移の１例

Muscular metastasis of cancer is rare. We had experienced a case of muscular metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. The patient was a 68 years old man. The metastatic tumor was located in the left M. vastus lateralis. Its size was 6×5×3cm. The extirpation of the tumor was done in seven months after the total gastrectomy. At present he is healthy without recurrence and metastasis.

Immunohistochemical reactivity of the antimelanoma monoclonal antibody MEL-1.

The immunohistochemical reactivity of the monoclonal antimelanoma antibody MEL-1 was evaluated on frozen sections of 9 malignant melanomas, 5 nevi, 1 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 basal cell carcinoma, 2 benign dermal fibrous histiocytomas, 1 infiltrating ductal and 2 infiltrating lobular carcinomas of the breast, 1 primary squamous cell carcinoma and 1 adenocarcinoma of the lung, 1 lung metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma, 1 adenocarcinoma of the large bowel, 1 lymph node, 1 case of malignant histiocytosis and one of lymph nodal immunoblastic lymphoma, and 1 biopsy of oral cavity mucosa. In primary and metastatic malignant melanoma, junctional nevi, and the upper half of compound and dermal nevi, the staining was intense. Also, benign dermal fibrous histiocytoma and the case of lymph nodal malignant histiocytosis showed an intense reactivity, whereas the immunostaining positivity of the squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, the lung adenocarcinoma, the squamous cutaneous and mucosal epithelium, and the sweat and sebaceous glands was slight. In ductal and lobular infiltrating carcinoma of the breast only focal areas or isolated tumor cells were positive. The lack of reactivity of deep dermal melanocytes of compound and dermal nevi may be correlated with a different antigenic phenotype of the melanocytes. After discussion of the technical problems, the application of MEL-1 was suggested, for diagnostic purpose, to identify lymph nodal metastases in cases of primary self regressed malignant melanoma and to detect lymph nodal metastatic microfoci of malignant melanoma.

Bronchial Tumorous Invation Caused by Exrathoracic Malignant Growth

The clinical and pathological observations of the two cases with bronchoscopically visible tumors caused by exrathoracic primary malignant growths were reported. In one of them, tumor was located at the carina and developed from parabronchial lymphnode metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. In another, tumor was found as a polypous mass in the orifice of the right upper lobe bronchus and developed from the right pulmonary metastasis of pheochromocytoma of the adrenal. The pathological findings of the both malignancies were confirmed on the necropsies. Finally, the differential diagnosis of the primary bronchial malignancy was discussed.