Metaphysics Of Law Research Articles

Necessary Connection between Laws of Physics and Metaphysics

Necessary Connection between Laws of Physics and Metaphysics

Laws, Darkness, and Resurrection: Exceptions and Violations in Hume’s Account of Miracles

ABSTRACT In this article, I show that David Hume’s argument of Section 10 of the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding does not encourage dogmatism. Instead, it suggests a program for how to categorically deny the existence of miracles without bringing about the stagnation of science. In recognizing the entailments of Hume’s notion of proof while realizing his commitments regarding the laws of nature, we must acknowledge that miracles are possible. Yet this is consistent with Hume’s claim that we are never justified in believing the testimony affirming them. This conclusion is strengthened when we realize that only a doxastic notion of lawlikeness is at work in Hume’s argument rather than a robust, efficacious notion of metaphysical laws. When properly understood, we see that the course he advocates does not impede the advances of science, as has sometimes been suggested. Instead, Hume’s deliberate use of specific examples of two very different sorts propounds a procedure for dealing with purported miracles that is much richer than merely denying them, and tells us when revisions to our conception of the laws of nature are necessary and when they are not.

Grounding Legalism

Abstract Many authors have proposed that grounding is closely related to metaphysical laws. However, we argue that no existing theory of metaphysical laws is sufficiently general. In this paper, we develop a general theory of grounding laws, proposing that they are generative relations between pluralities of propositions and propositions. We develop the account in an essentialist language; this allows us to state precisely the sense in which grounding might be reduced to laws. We then put the theory to use in showing how moral laws can play a role in grounding particular moral facts, in defending monism about ground, and in showing in what sense there is no gap between the grounds and the grounded. Finally, we make a novel proposal about what grounds facts about ground.

Metaphysical laws and the directionality of grounding

Metaphysical laws and the directionality of grounding

Канонічна педагогіка у метафізичному праві

Views on upbringing, learning, education, development are always relevant, because different ideas of the influence of some people on others are the subject of research in many sciences. Earthly life, the spiritual environment requires every time to withdraw the mind from earthly, sensual concerns, and turn to spiritual supersensual, inaccessible mental problems that affect the ontological life activity of a person, which is regulated by the relevant norms. By and large, we are talking about general pedagogy in positive law, about vital pedagogical knowledge, which is recognized as profound - soulful, spiritual. But this is not enough. This knowledge is fully justified by God's providence and is highlighted in theological literature. It follows that there are such types of pedagogy as ordological (bodily), existential (spiritual) and transcendental (spiritual). I believe that it is appropriate (in this case) to combine them into the concept of canonical pedagogy. Metaphysical law is a natural-supernatural secret writing, imbued with the spirit of wisdom, a cryptological method designed for the action of human supersensible principles. A special coded ontological code was created by divine eternity in order to obtain naturally permissible life innovations for the creative cognitive process of life. The metaphysical law, created by supernatural man on the basis of knowledge of natural and supernatural laws, natural phenomena, natural laws, contains theological motives of life, the meaning of the natural existence of the inner man and his salvation from evil. It is clear that metaphysical law works with positive law, natural law, canon law, ecclesiastical law, philosophy of law and pedagogy through spiritual unity and synergy. Let's resort to the following research algorithm: metaphysical law-canonical pedagogy - pedagogy in metaphysical law - canonical-law laboratory. Metaphysical man needs metaphysical law and metaphysical pedagogy, despite the fact that man is currently most concerned with physical, bodily issues. Solving earthly concerns does not at all free a person from future heavenly cares. The current restless thoughts have reason to exist. Bodily ordological restlessness must be satisfied by the settlement of the future unearthly with the help of earthly means. Metaphysical law is such a tool.

Pilgrim's meta-anthropology theology in the philosophy of law: the law of combined vessels

The scientific article examines such an aspect of the multidimensionality of the philosophy of law as the metaphysical law of connected vessels, which operates in the natural-supernatural legal space. It is proven that the filling of metaphysical vessels is carried out by the spirit (reflection, inertia) of the places of power contained in earthly supernatural benevolent phenomena. Therefore, ordinary excursions to these places are called pilgrimage trips. At the same time, the pilgrimage has a meta- anthropological character and is realized meta- anthropologically, that is, physically, mentally and spiritually. As a result, a person acquires moral (elementary and higher) qualities, necessary existential and transcendental qualities. The meta- anthropological law of connected vessels supports the legal harmony of the universe. The definition of pilgrimage theology is presented for the first time. Pilgrimage is beneficial for bodily calmness, gives rise to the feeling of acquired bodily dirt, impurity, because dirty actions cling to everyone, they are actions of evil. After all, carnal fornication is a kind of unclean power, which is directed so that a person does not fulfill the ontological bodily principles, leads a promiscuous lifestyle, does not control himself, and therefore creates such elementary moral standards that would approve dirty actions.
 The philosophy of law resorts to such profound, as if too elementary, banal norms in order to prevent significantly visible violations. Pilgrimage is one of the methods of prevention of physical offenses, which can prevent the destruction and effect of the spiritual law of connected vessels in the universe.
 The philosophy of the metaphysical law of connected vessels has a visible side - the influence of the fruits of bodily pilgrimage on the permanent formation of the factory of elementary morality, the springboard for the development of elementary virtues. This factory should be improved every time thanks to the pilgrimage and contribute to the development of new rules of righteous earthly life, understanding of the essence of existential and transcendental things. Even such fruits of the ordological pilgrimage as strengthening a careful attitude of a person to nature and the world, forming a physical code of health for oneself, removing oneself from a consumerist material state, limiting oneself in material needs, etc. do not allow violation of the law of connected vessels. From this we can draw a conclusion about the deep essence of the philosophy of law, the fundamental principles of law, the law in general, and human morality. After all, the physical behavior of a person is often inadequate to the actions of the law of connected vessels. In order to combat this inadequacy, humanity, society, and the state resort to creating a complex system of law enforcement activities, but tangible results are still insufficient. Pilgrimage to places of strength will give much more.

The Path to Understanding: Relation and Solidarity in Whitehead's Metaphysics

Abstract In this article, I will respond to questions regarding the ontological status of relations by exploring Whitehead's pivotal notion of solidarity, especially focusing on the recently published Harvard lectures. Particularly, I shall investigate how solidarity become a metaphysical law in the development of Whitehead's thought, also exploiting other Whiteheadian works of the same period, such as Science and the Modern World and Religion in the Making. I will attempt to show that the comprehension of an immediate brute fact necessarily requires its metaphysical interpretation as an item in a world with some systematic relation to it. I will thus provide my interpretation on solidarity through a comparison with Hegel's notion of Wirklichkeit.

«Оправдание» души как «оправдание» человека: философско-религиозный ракурс

The article (using the example of the European cultural tradition) actualizes the problem of the heuristic potential of the concept of ‘soul’, which is far from being fully used, due to the dominance of positivist ideas. The category ‘soul’ is the most adequate in its content and depth, for the study of the inner immaterial world of a person in its integrity. The concept of ‘psyche’ that displaces and replaces it is narrower, covering mainly the processes of reflecting the world for optimal adaptation to it. The dominant of this concept, on the one hand, expresses the real impoverishment of a person’s inner life, the loss of moral, metaphysical experiences and reflections by it. On the other hand, the view through the ‘prism of the psyche’ has a limited cognitive potential, not allowing to reveal the fullness of the inner world of a person, his essential depths. The category ‘soul’ is the earliest, most developed, universal, allowing to explore the structure and functioning, formation and development of the inner world of a person. It is the concept of ‘soul’ that appears, starting from ancient and early Christian thought, synonymous with the concept of ‘human life’. The evolution of the content of the ‘sole’ concept in European thought is a reflection of the real processes taking place in the inner being of a person. During the period of anthroposociogenesis, the formation of the human soul takes place, consisting in the ‘gathering’ of its main parts. In the development of spiritual life, one can distinguish the line of ascent – to the spiritual, and the line of descent – to the material, carnal. The line of ascent unfolds from the first steps of history to the bright Middle Ages. The line of descent plays an increasingly active role from the ‘dark Middle Ages’ to the present. In the New and Modern times, the process of reducing the soul into the psyche is actualized. Moral and metaphysical experiences and reflections, which constitute the essence of the soul, lose their leading role. The ‘death of God’ (as the highest moral and metaphysical law) is an expression of the ‘death’ of the soul, leading to the ‘death’ of a person. The “justification” of the soul, its “new finding” will allow a person to realize a “new finding” of himself.

Orthodox Historical Philosophy of A.A. Tsarevsky

The article examines the Orthodox historiosophy of A.A. Tsarevsky, a representative of academic science, who was a historian and thinker with a wide range of interests, who embodied in his works the main ideas of the philosophy of the Silver Age: the universal vocation of Russia, Orthodoxy as the center of the world history, metaphysical laws of the historical process. A.A. Tsarevsky represented a “different Silver Age” – the cultural direction, the purpose of which was the revival of the primordial cultural tradition set by the baptism of Russia and opposing secularization. He created the fi rst ecclesiocentric concept, which was then developed in the works of N.D. Talberg, G.V. Florovsky and others. A.A. Tsarevsky can be considered the founder of Orthodox traditionalism in Russian historical science.

A Minimal Metaphysics for Scientific Practice

<i>A Minimal Metaphysics for Scientific Practice</i>

한국춤의 심미구조에 내재된 역학적 사유규범

The purpose of the current study is to specify the nature of Korean dance by clarifying the dynamic contemplative norm inherent in the aesthetic structure of Korean dance. The traditional styles of Korean dance conveyed a universal aesthetic view and the cognitive systems developed through dynamics have solidified the aesthetic structure of Korean dance to define the awareness of aesthetic truth. The aesthetic structure of Korean dance can be discussed in terms of the spiritual, emotional, and active structural systems. The spiritual structure is identified as the ‘spirit of dance’ where the concept of Oneness of Heaven and Men in the Book of Changes underlies as the nature of Korean dance. The emotional structure is the orientation of body and mind. The mind reflects the abstract spirit and its emotion is expressed through the body to convey the contents of dance. The active structure embodies the natural meaning of mind through the circulating process of generation and extinction of breaths. The dynamic contemplative norm inherent in the aesthetic structure is threefold: first, the contemplative norm of ‘the law of heaven, earth, and men’ explains the law of universe and nature and specifies the natural principle of Korean dance as a ‘metaphysical law’ to conceptualize the property of space through the generation and change of universe and humankind. Second, the contemplative norm of ‘law of change’ is specified in terms of time and space in the phrase, ‘the law of one ying and one yang,’ and interprets the law of Yixue in terms of time and space. Third, the contemplative norm of ‘law of sun and moon’ is specified in terms of time in the phrase, ‘endlessly created universe’ and clarifies the property of time through yin and yang, the law of universe.

Moral principle explanations of supervenience

Non-naturalists realists about morality face the challenge of explaining the supervenience of the moral facts on the natural facts. An influential recent suggestion, developed by Scanlon (2014) and Fogal and Risberg (2020), is that the non-naturalist can easily explain supervenience by appealing to explanatory moral principles, or metaphysical laws. The idea is that the general moral principles are necessary and so trivially supervene on the natural facts, while the particular moral facts are explained by the general, necessary, moral principles and the natural facts so they supervene on the natural facts too. I argue that such a strategy is unsuccessful. Either it (i) fails to explain supervenience because it doesn’t correctly identify the difference-makers for supervenience, or it (ii) does explain supervenience, but only by postulating another striking fact—and it cannot give a satisfactory explanation of this fact that properly identifies the difference-makers. Making sense of supervenience is one of the key challenges for a non-naturalist metaphysics of modality. Views based on moral principles look like they fail this challenge. Consequently, the non-naturalist should look to other metaphysical machinery to develop their view.

Grounding and properties

ABSTRACT Metaphysical grounding is often presented as a relation of directed dependence analogous to causation. The relationship between causation, properties, and laws of nature is hotly debated. I ask: what is the relationship between grounding, properties, and laws of metaphysics? I begin by considering the grounding analogue of Humean quidditism. Finding it implausible, I turn to the primitive-laws account of grounding, recently defended by Jonathan Schaffer and others. I argue this view is also unsatisfactory. I then present several possible dispositionalist-like accounts and characterize the notion of a power to ground. I argue for three important conclusions: (i) each property essentially confers grounding powers; (ii) non-fundamental properties can be defined structurally in a particular sense, elucidating the claim that they are ‘nothing over and above’ the fundamental; and (iii) fundamental properties play a central role in grounding the grounding facts. Finally, it is significant that, combined with a causal powers-account of causal explanation, the door is open to a unified account of the metaphysics of causation and grounding: both flow from the natures of fundamental properties.

Cardio Taiji for Wellness

The concept of Taiji (Tai-chi), consisting of Yin and Yang, originates from the ancient Yijng (I-ching), the Book of Changes. It is the traditional metaphysical Law of China, and has been described as Dao (Tao) or “The Way." Two years ago, in December, 2020, Taijiquan (the fighting system of Taiji) was recognized and accepted as an Intangible Heritage of Humanity by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). This study reviews the Taijiquan technique for assisting in life and wellness, and presents a brief review of the effect of Cardio Taiji on blood pressure.

СПОНУКАННЯ ЯК КОНСТИТУТИВНИЙ ЕЛЕМЕНТ ПСИХІКИ ЛЮДИНИ

The article examines the fundamental influence of human motivation on human inner and outer worlds. The views of Aristotle were used as the methodological basis to study the causality of the existence of things and phenomena, and as the theoretical basis Kurt Lewin's psychological field theory was used. The main ways of forming motivation, specifically, the upbringing process and assimilation to the social mechanism of livelihood (the relations of distribution, exchange and ownership) were researched. The connection between motivations, attitudes and dominance has been established. It is proved that motivations form a certain hierarchy of attitudes that are fixed in the human brain as dominants. The influence of motivation on the formation of human typology has been studied: dependent personality, mediocre personality, mature personality and a genius. It has been substantiated that a person of a dependent spiritual development is motivated by immediate needs, the intentions of their consciousness are directed to his body and relations of distribution, and the attitude is a stimulus. The life of a dependent person is focused on pleasure, the dominant is in the area of the striatum; behavior is dominated by the simplest forms of adaptation (stimulus - reaction), and language during communication reflects the bodily needs and desires for satisfaction. It has been further examined that a person of mediocre (reproductive) level of spiritual development is motivated by success, the intentions of his consciousness are directed to his ego, cognition of exchange relations, and attitude is the motive. The life of a mediocre person is built on the principle of reality, and the dominant migrates from the striatum to the prefrontal cortex. Behavior reproduces typical forms of behavior, and language reflects the desire for profit (economic, political, legal, psychological, ideological). It has been concluded that a person of a personal level of spiritual development is motivated by the needs of society, the intentions of their consciousness are aimed at mastering the laws of society, morality, holistic knowledge of relations of distribution, exchange and property, and interest is the attitude. The person's life is governed by duty, and the dominant is mainly in the prefrontal cortex. Behavior patterns of a mature person are focused on asserting the interests of society, and language reflects the interests of society, its values, goals and national security. Finally, it has been proved that a person of genius level of spiritual development is motivated by the need of finding the truth, the intentions of their consciousness are aimed at mastering the metaphysical laws of existence, and the ideal is the main attitude. The life of a genius is focused on creativity, the dominant is stably in the prefrontal cortex. In behavior, genius is focused on the establishment of ideals, and language reflects the ideals as a combination of Truth, Goodness and Beauty.

Mieczysław A. Krąpiec’s Metaphysics of Law

Mieczysław A. Krąpiec’s Metaphysics of Law

Metaphysical Foundationalism and Theoretical Unification

Some facts ground other facts. Some fact is fundamental iff there are no other facts which partially or fully ground that fact. According to metaphysical foundationalism, every non-fundamental fact is fully grounded by some fundamental fact(s). In this paper I examine and defend some neglected considerations which might be made in favor of metaphysical foundationalism. Building off of work by Ross Cameron, I suggest that foundationalist theories are more unified than, and so in one important respect simpler than, non-foundationalist theories, insofar as foundationalist theories allow us to derive all non-fundamental facts from some fundamental fact(s). Non-foundationalist theories can enjoy a similar sort of theoretical unification only by taking on objectionable metaphysical laws.

QUESTIONS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL LOGIC

AbstractSince Kripke, philosophers have distinguished a priori true statements from necessarily true ones. A statement is a priori true if its truth can be established before experience, and necessarily true if it could not have been false according to logical or metaphysical laws. This distinction can be captured formally using two-dimensional semantics.There is a natural way to extend the notions of apriority and necessity so they can also apply to questions. Questions either can or cannot be resolved before experience, and either are or are not about necessary facts. Classical two-dimensionalism has no account of question meanings, so it has to be combined with a framework for question semantics in order to capture these observations. It is shown in [14] how two-dimensional semantics can be combined with inquisitive semantics, in which questions are analyzed in terms of information. The present paper investigates the logic of two-dimensional inquisitive semantics, and provides a complete proof system.

Grounding, metaphysical laws, and structure

AbstractAccording to the deductive‐nomological account of ground, a fact A grounds another fact B in case the laws of metaphysics determine the existence of B on the basis of the existence of A. Accounts of grounding of this particular variety have already been developed in the literature. My aim in this paper is to sketch a new version of this account. My preferred account offers two main improvements over existing accounts. First, the present account is able to deal with necessitarian as well as non‐necessitarian cases of grounding by acknowledging the existence of two types of metaphysical laws. I will argue that we should assume that metaphysical laws come in the necessitarian as well as in the non‐necessitarian variety—closely paralleling the distinction between strict and non‐strict laws in the philosophy of science. The second main improvement of the present account is that this account is able to provide an explanation of why the laws of metaphysics have a direction built into them. I will argue that we should characterize metaphysical laws with the help of Theodore Sider’s (2011) notion of structure, which is a descendent of David Lewis’s (1983) notion of naturalness. According to the account of metaphysical laws developed in this paper, metaphysical laws express in their antecedents either perfectly structural truths or more structural truths than in their consequents. Since on Sider’s account structural features of reality are fundamental features of reality, the account is able to explain as to why the laws of metaphysics take us from the fundamental to the derivative.

Some morals from the physico-mathematical character of scientific laws

Abstract This article derives some morals from the examination of the physico-mathematical view of scientific laws and its place in the current philosophical debate on laws of nature. After revisiting the expression scientific law, which appears in scientific practice under various names (such as laws, principles, equations, symmetries, and postulates), I briefly assess two extreme, opposite positions in the literature on laws, namely, full-blown metaphysics of laws of nature, which distinguishes such laws from the more mundane laws that we find in science; and nomological eliminativism, which ultimately contends that we should dispense with laws in science altogether. I argue that both positions fail to make sense of the laws that we find in scientific practice. For this, I outline the following twofold claim: first, most laws in physics are abstract mathematical statements; and second, they express some of the best physical generalisations achieved in this branch of science. Thus understood, a minimal construal of laws suggests that they are in principle intended to refer to those features of phenomena whose salience and stability are relevant for specific scientific tasks.