Metaphors In Texts Research Articles

Keepers of the Vineyard and the Fence around the Torah: The Vineyard Metaphor in Rabbinic Literature

Abstract Rabbinic texts apply the metaphor of the vineyard to the Torah as well as to Israel. Conceptual Metaphor Theory allows us to explain the parallel use of the vineyard metaphor for the two target domains, Israel and the Torah. The conceptual metaphor of the vineyard includes such aspects as the fence, the vines and the wine. The generic metaphor something precious is a cultivated piece of land enables us to include related conceptual fields, such as a field of wheat, or another cultivated piece of land. By means of the principle of the “creation of similarity,” the Torah and Israel are linked in the rabbinic cultural world, using the notion of preciousness, segulah. The metaphor of the vineyard not only reflects, but also induces the similarity: conceived as vineyards, Israel and the Torah become precious in the minds of the people using and hearing or reading the metaphorical texts.

Erving Goffman’s Trite Metaphors

The article reconsiders Goffman’s legacy in the light of present-day realities. The author deems the revitalization of cognitive metaphors to be premise and necessary condition for viability of the dramaturgical perspective. Metaphors awaken when they begin to wake us up, come to life when they give us life. In view of this, an attempt has been made to reveal all-too-human and atemporal facets of the tropes we are all very familiar with – in other words, their primary existential foundations. However, as G. Lakoff and M. Johnson put it, relationships between metaphors are based on entailment, or on sub-categorization. Sharing P. Riсоеur’s point of view that “metaphorical sense as such feeds on the density of the imagery released by the poem” – and actually, by any metaphorical text – the author makes clear meanings elusive and “deciphers” Goffman’s writings using his (Goffman’s) own “prompt messages” or low-key details to resolve some kind of semantic ellipsis. As a result, key metaphorical lines of reasoning under discussion include (1) perspective–frame–door; (2) world–theatre/as if–sleep; (3) man–actor–shadow. Our attention is drawn to the astounding similarity between frame analysis and brushwork of Belgian surrealist Rene Magritte who challenged preconditioned perceptions of familiar things giving them new contextual meanings. In the concluding section a cautionary note about the possible transformation of Goffmanisque metaphors to prophecy is sounded.

Symbol of Door as Mary in Images of the Annunciation of the 14th-15th Centuries

The current article addresses the topic of the symbolic identification of the Virgin Mary as a door according to a double possibility, namely, as an open door and as a shut door. This implies designating Mary simultaneously as ianua coeli and as porta clausa. These two possibilities suggest very different, though complementary, doctrinal meanings. Through the textual analysis of various quotes from the Church Fathers and theologians and medieval liturgical hymns referring to one or other of these two metaphorical expressions, the Author will determine the doctrinal meanings inherent in each one. In the second instance, the iconographic analysis of seven images of the Annunciation from the 14th and 15th centuries that include some door in special conditions will allow us to validate the hypothesis that the intellectual authors of these seven paintings introduced that door into them as a visual metaphor capable of illustrating both textual metaphors of porta clausa and ianua coeli.

A Corpus‐based Study of Textual Metaphor in English Academic Writing

AbstractThis article conducted a corpus‐based study on the discipline distributions of two types of textual metaphor identified by He et al. (2015) and He and Wen (2017), conjunctionalization of conjunctive adverbs and zero conjunctionalization of hypotactic conjunctions. It is found that conjunctionalization of conjunctive adverbs is more prevalent in soft science texts than in hard science texts and zero conjunctionalization of hypotactic conjunctions is similarly distributed in hard science texts and in soft science texts. However, conjunctionalization of conjunctive adverbs is more prevalent in native English linguistics texts than in EFL Chinese linguistics texts while zero conjunctionalization of hypotactic conjunctions dominates in EFL Chinese linguistics texts because of the relatively lower frequency of hypotactic clause complexes in EFL Chinese linguistics texts. Textual metaphor functions to increase the grammatical intricacy of text and hence is not a characteristic feature of scientific writing. It is hereby concluded that EFL Chinese linguists do not write as technical texts as native English linguists.

The relationship between topic and metaphor in second-language learners’ essays

AbstractIn this article I investigate to what extent the use of metaphorical expressions in language learners’ texts vary according to the topic they have chosen to write about. The data come from the Norwegian learner corpus ASK, where the texts are from written assignments produced by adult second-language learners as part of an official Norwegian test and texts. Texts from two different prompts are selected, which are related to friendship and nature. Metaphors are defined according to conceptual metaphor theory and a triangulation of methods is used, alternating between a manual and an automatic extraction method.The results confirm the hypothesis that the two different prompts given to the learners in a language test not only triggers different metaphorical expressions but also influences the amount of metaphor used in the learners’ writing. This knowledge is important to researchers for comparing the use of metaphors between different groups, such as between different learners or between students in different stages of education. It is also important for test designers who decide on topics to be used in tests and teachers who help learners prepare for their tests. In addition, it is of interest for researchers, educators in general and the learners themselves who are interested in the effect the use of metaphors in texts have on raters’ evaluations in high-stake tests.

Second half part of the apple

Abstract This article investigates the use of friendship metaphors in texts by adult second language writers, in relation to the occurrence and function of metaphor and the writers’ discursive constructions of identity. The texts come from the final assessment in Swedish for Immigrants (SFI), a language program in basic Swedish. The analysis confirmed the initial assumption that the emotional and existentially loaded theme of friendship allows for the use of metaphor. The results also showed that the experience of writers as newcomers in Sweden played out in the metaphors that were used and their contexts. In order to categorize the found metaphors, a model was developed to show how systematic metaphors reflect functions and values related to three thematic categories: guidance and help, belonging and inclusion, and sharing and solidarity. For several metaphors, the metaphoricity was created through novel and unidiomatic wording, i.e. a kind of neologism that can be considered a communication strategy. The importance of using universal and abstract themes in language testing is emphasized, to enable second language writers to express different facets of experience and knowledge through existential thoughts and attitudes – not only as language learners and newcomers, but also as social agents who create and keep transnational relations through friends.

Hermeneutics after Ricoeur

Hermeneutics after Ricoeur

Research on political text metaphor translation system based on web data mining technology

In order to improve the translation effect of political text metaphors, based on Web data mining technology, this paper constructs a political text metaphor translation system based on Web data mining technology. Aiming at the two shortcomings of the selection of the initial center point of the K-Means algorithm and the isolated points, this paper gives a solution to the ICKM algorithm that combines the density parameter and the coordinate rotation algorithm. The algorithm uses the object with the largest density parameter as the first center point, and uses the KCR algorithm to find the next center point, which avoids the influence of isolated points on the data sample to a certain extent. The constructed political text metaphor translation system based on Web data mining technology needs to accurately translate political texts and also needs to meet the requirements of metaphor translation. Finally, this paper designs experiments to verify the system performance. The research results show that the system constructed in this paper can meet the needs of political text metaphor translation.

Reading space for new worlds in Jordan Abel’s Un/inhabited

ABSTRACT Nisga’a writer Jordan Abel created Un/inhabited by rearranging and deleting large swathes of ninety-one western novels. Unsurprisingly, then, this poem is largely interpreted as an invitation to readers to join Abel in critically examining the colonial mindset underpinning the western genre. While this alone makes the poem a valuable resource in literary studies classrooms, I look beyond what readings Un/inhabited creates the conditions for to ask what reading practices it affords. The poem’s experimental form presents a challenge to readers as it resists attempts to read using conventional strategies. Taking a cue from the book's title, I ask what happens when readers enter the space of the poem as reader-discoverers, and how they can be helped to engage with it in meaningful ways. Guided by Abel’s decolonial poetics and his play on the metaphor of text as landscape, I draw on Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s theories of nomadology and smooth, striated, and holey space to suggest that Un/inhabited’s own spaces invite anti-settler, nomadic modes of reading. These render texts porous, undermining their capacity to determine the shape of the worlds they narrate. Approaching texts in this way enables readers to shift from passive recipients of information to world shapers.

Predicting Mental Health Problems with Automatic Identification of Metaphors.

Mental health problems are prevalent and an important issue in medicine. However, clinical diagnosis of mental health problems is costly, time-consuming, and often significantly delayed, which highlights the need for novel methods to identify them. Previous psycholinguistic and psychiatry research has suggested that the use of metaphors in texts is linked to the mental health status of the authors. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically detecting metaphors in texts to predict various mental health problems, specifically anxiety, depression, inferiority, sensitivity, social phobias, and obsession. We perform experiments on a composition dataset collected from second-language students and on the eRisk2017 dataset collected from Social Media. The experimental results show that our approach can help predict mental health problems in authors of written texts, and our algorithm performs better than other state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we report that the use of metaphors even in nonnative languages can be indicative of various mental health problems.

Metaphors Trump Lives by: A Critical Metaphor Analysis of Trump’s Statements in 2020 Presidential Election Debates

Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) helps to define the relationship between metaphor, power, ideology and cognition by recognizing conceptual metaphors in text or discourse. This thesis built a metaphor-centered analytical framework which connects discourse, cognition and ideology to investigate metaphors in Trump’s discourses in the 2020 Presidential Election Debates, which shed light upon cognitive structure and ideology behind his discourse. To win more votes, Trump managed to magnify Republican Party’s contribution while masking its defects, exaggerate the disadvantages of the Democratic Party while concealing its merits. Meanwhile, he declared himself one who represents the interests of ordinary people and to fight for their interests. Besides, his “patriotism” and “exclusiveness” also reflected populism characteristics.

Theoretical and applied study of metaphor in texts of different styles: functional and translation aspects

Theoretical and applied study of metaphor in texts of different styles: functional and translation aspects

Efficient synergetic filtering in big data set using neural network technique

Presently, great accomplishment on speech-recognition, computer-vision and natural-language processing has been achieved by deep-neural networks. To tackle the major trouble in synergetic or collaborative-filtering we concentrated intensively on the techniques based on neural networks. Although a few recent researches have employed deep learning, they mostly used it to carve auxiliary facts, along with textual metaphors of objects and acoustic capabilities of music. We present a popular framework named Artificial Neural Synergetic Filtering (ANSF) to substitute the core makeup with a neural design which could be very efficient to analyse data with a random feature. ANSF is a prevalent matrix-factorisation framework. To improvise it with non-linearity we propose to leverage a multilayer perceptron to investigate customer-object communication function. In-depth experiments on actual global databases display big improvement over the latest techniques. Investigational results manifest that the application of core layers of artificial neural networks gives improved overall performance.

The symbol of light’s ray in images of the annunciation of the 14th and 15th centuries according to greek patrology

The current article tries to interpret the deep doctrinal meanings derived from the visual and textual metaphors related to the ray of light, the Sun, and other light elements. underlying the symbol of the beam of light depicted in the images of the Annunciation of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. To undertake this goal, we will follow two methodological strategies based on comparative analysis. Firstly, we will analyze some texts through which many Greek-Eastern Church Fathers interpret several biblical terms, such as Sol iustitiae, lux mundi, and other similar expressions as metaphors that symbolize God the Son incarnate. Secondly, we will analyze eight images of the Annunciation from the 14th and 15th centuries that include a ray of light emitted by God the Father towards the Virgin Mary. From the comparative analyzes between both sets, texts and images, we will conclude that this ray of light represented in such Annunciations is a visual metaphor that illustrates the textual metaphors deciphered by the Greek-Eastern Fathers from the Biblical expressions mentioned, as a symbol of Christ, "Sun of Justice” and“ light of the world”, which is incarnated to redeem Humanity from the darkness of error and sin.
 

Metaphor and Cultural Interpretation of Yunnan Minority Tobacco Texts

Tobacco use is closely related to the legends, ballads, dances, marriage and even medicinal value of Yunnan ethnic minorities. Interpreting the text of tobacco use by Yunnan ethnic minorities from the perspective of anthropology, exploring the text metaphor of tobacco use, and expounding the cultural significance of tobacco use in different ecological environments and cultural backgrounds can not only give a new understanding of the cultural cognition of tobacco use by ethnic minorities, but also reveal the environmental adaptation and cultural construction of ethnic minority society through the phenomenon of tobacco use.

Cognition of Metaphorical Text in President Muhammadu Buhari’s Inaugural Speech

The paper investigates metaphorical text used in the Nigerian political discourse and processes involved in the interpretation of metaphors. It demonstrates that understanding of cultural context plays a vital role in the cognition of metaphorical text.

Metaphor Analysis of Dickinson’s Because I Could Not Stop for Death

Metaphor is the soul of poetry. Dickinson's poetry metaphor is rich in philosophy. In Dickinson's poems, metaphor has risen from the word level to the text level, and the selected “because I can't stay for death” is a typical example. With the help of the theory of textual metaphor and cohesion, this paper discusses the function of metaphor in the organization and cohesion of the poem, and tries to further understand the deep meaning and aesthetic value of the poem.

The temple in images of the Annunciation: A double dogmatic symbol according to the Latin theological tradition (6th-15th centuries)

This article aims to unveil the doctrinal meanings that many Church Fathers and theologians have deciphered in some Old Testament terms such as templum, tabernaculum, domus Sapientiae, arca and other similar expressions related to sacred spaces or containers. In many specific cases, they have interpreted these expressions as metaphors or symbols of the Virgin Mary’s womb and Christ’s human nature. As a consequence, these interpretive approaches are reflected in some images of the Annunciation of the 14th and 15th centuries. So this article will analyze first a selected set of patristic, theological, and liturgical texts, and secondly, will examine eight paintings of the Annunciation with a temple-shaped house to see if there is an essential relation between those exegetical texts and these pictorial images. Based on that double analysis, it seems reasonable to conclude that the temple depicted in these Annunciations is a visual metaphor that illustrates the doctrinal meanings decrypted by the Fathers and theologians in their interpretations of the textual metaphors mentioned above.

Effects of Analogical Learning Approaches and Presentation Modalities on Ninth Graders’ Learning Outcome and Eye Movements: a Preliminary Study

This study analyzed the impact of different analogical learning approaches (analogies or metaphors) integrated with different presentation modalities (pictures or texts) on middle school students’ learning performance of electricity with supporting evidence from their eye movement behaviors. Eighty ninth-grade middle school students were randomly assigned into four groups to receive four different versions of an online electricity learning program, including pictorial analogies, textual analogies, pictorial metaphors, and textual metaphors. Data regarding students’ eye movement behaviors were collected simultaneously during their online learning. All the students took a pre-test, post-test, and retention test covering their comprehension of electricity concepts. Our results revealed that the analogy group provided more mapping and integration behaviors between the analog and target concepts about electricity, resulting in gaining better performance than the metaphor group. Additionally, students receiving pictorial modality generated more mapping and integration behaviors between the analog and target concepts, resulting in a better understanding of electricity concepts than students learning with textual modality. The associated implications for analogical learning approaches and presentation modalities concerning science learning and eye movement behaviors are also discussed in the paper.

Efficient Synergetic Filtering in Big Dataset using Neural Network Technique

Presently, great accomplishment on speech-recognition, computer-vision and natural-language processing has been achieved by deep-neural networks. To tackle the major trouble in synergetic or collaborative -filtering on the idea of hidden feedback; in this task we concentrated intensively on the techniques based on neural networks. Although a few latest researches have employed deep learning, they mostly used it to sculpt auxiliary facts, along with textual metaphors of objects and acoustic capabilities of music’s. When it involves the major aspect in synergetic filtering; the communication between customer and object capabilities, still resorted to matrix factorization and implemented a core product on the hidden capabilities of customers and objects. We present a popular framework named Artificial Neural Synergetic Filtering (ANSF) to substitute the core makeup with a neural design which could be very efficient to analyze a data with a random feature. ANSF is ordinary and might specific; popularize matrix-factorization beneath its frame work. To improvise ANSF modeling with non-linearity’s we propose to leverage a multi-layer perceptron to investigate customer–object communication function. In-depth experiments on actual-global databases display big improvisation of our proposed ANSF over the latest techniques. Investigational results manifest that the application of core layers of artificial neural networks gives improvised overall performance.