蚯蚓是农田生态系统的重要组成部分,对土壤的碳氮循环和N<sub>2</sub>O排放起着重要作用。为了研究接种蚯蚓(威廉腔环蚓,<em>Metaphire guillelmi</em>)对农田土壤特性及N<sub>2</sub>O排放通量的影响,分析蚯蚓在土壤N<sub>2</sub>O排放中的作用,于2007-2008年冬小麦生长季采用静态箱-气相色谱法,对施用秸秆(表施和混施)并接种蚯蚓后土壤N<sub>2</sub>O排放通量的变化进行了监测,结果显示接种蚯蚓增加了土壤N<sub>2</sub>O的排放量。在秸秆表施的情况下,接种蚯蚓处理N<sub>2</sub>O的排放量最大,全生育期达14.26 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>,显著高于未接种蚯蚓处理11.59 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>(<em>P</em> < 0.05)。在秸秆混施时,接种蚯蚓与未接种蚯蚓的两个处理间N<sub>2</sub>O排放量在栽培后期差异不显著。接种蚯蚓处理土壤N的矿化作用加强,矿质N含量提高,铵态氮含量比较稳定,硝态氮含量显著提高,表施秸秆接种蚯蚓处理硝态氮含量比未接种处理提高了20.1% (<em>P</em> < 0.05),达到21.13 mg/kg,而混施秸秆后接种蚯蚓的硝态氮含量为21.21 mg/kg,较未接种处理提高了11.7%。分析表明,硝态氮含量与N<sub>2</sub>O排放密切相关,接种蚯蚓后N<sub>2</sub>O排放潜力的提高与蚯蚓活动促进土壤氮素矿化特别是硝态氮含量的增加有关,农田生态系统中蚯蚓对N<sub>2</sub>O排放的贡献主要体现在促进秸秆混入土壤,从而改变秸秆分解的微域环境,促进反硝化作用并增加N<sub>2</sub>O的排放。;Earthworms, the most important macro-fauna in agroecosystem play an important role in nutrient cycling. Earthworm activity is known to increase emissions of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) from arable soils. Earthworm gut, casts, and burrows have exhibited higher denitrification activities than the bulk soil. Furthermore, the earthworm feeding strategy may drive N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, as it determines access to fresh organic matter for denitrification. Here, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of residues and earthworm (<em>Metaphire guillelmi</em>) activities on soil properties and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Treatments included: (1) no earthworm addition, no residues application (2) residues incorporated and mixed with soil only, (3) residues mulch only, (4) residues incorporated + earthworms inoculation, and (5) residues mulch + earthworms inoculation. These treatments were abbreviated as CK, I, M, IE and ME. The N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes was measured <em>in situ</em> using the static chamber technique and analyzed with gas chromatogram in a winter wheat field. The results indicated that <em>Metaphire guillelmi</em> significantly enhanced soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Soil mineral nitrogen (especially NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N content) was increased, and nitrogen mineralization was strengthened by earthworm activities. In the treatment with straw residues mulching, the cumulative emission amounts of N<sub>2</sub>O significantly increased from 11.59 to 14.26 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (<em>P</em>< 0.05) in the presence of earthworm, with a corresponding increase in the contents of soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N by 20.1% (<em>P</em>< 0.05) and up to 21.13 mg/kg. However, if residues were incorporated into the soil, the earthworm effect disappeared in the late phase of the experiment and with a corresponding increase in the contents of soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N by 11.7% and up to 21.21 mg/kg. Cumulative emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O were positively correlated with the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N content measured at the end of the experiment. The high N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in the presence of <em>Metaphire guillelmi</em>, when residues mulched, suggest a stimulation of nitrogen mineralization and mixing residue into the soil, switching residue decomposition from an aerobic and low denitrification pathway to one with significant denitrification and N<sub>2</sub>O production.