Metamaterial Inspired Research Articles

Metamaterial Inspired Stub-Incorporated Quad-Band Diamond Shaped Monopole Antenna for Satellite and Wireless Application

Metamaterial Inspired Stub-Incorporated Quad-Band Diamond Shaped Monopole Antenna for Satellite and Wireless Application

Metamaterial Inspired Varactor-Tuned Antenna with Frequency Reconfigurability and Pattern Diversity.

A metamaterial-inspired varactor-tuned antenna with frequency reconfigurability and pattern diversity is designed. Two different versions of a reconfigurable structure are integrated into a single antenna to excite two different orthogonal patterns, which realizes pattern diversity for MIMO applications. The outer annular Composite Right-/Left-Handed Transmission Line (CRLH-TL) works at the 1 mode and provides a broadside pattern, and the inner circular radiator loaded with split ring resonators (SRR) operates at the 0 mode and radiates an omnidirectional pattern, which realizes pattern diversity. By using surface-mounted varactors, the operating frequencies for the two radiation patterns can be tuned over a wide frequency range, from 1.7 GHz to 2.2 GHz, covering the 1.71-2.17 GHz LTE band, and a low mutual coupling between the two radiators is achieved. The antenna has also been prototyped. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results, verifying the proposed concept. The dual-mode MIMO system equipped with the proposed antenna elements is discussed within the context of a 3-D channel model, and it shows a superior array compactness and spectral efficiency (SE) performance compared to scenarios with single-mode elements.

Implementation of Fractal Metamaterial Inspired Antenna for Multi-standard Wireless Applications

Implementation of Fractal Metamaterial Inspired Antenna for Multi-standard Wireless Applications

A Negative Thermal Expansion Metamaterial Inspired by the Sicilian and Manx Symbols

A negative thermal expansion (NTE) metamaterial is established herein by inspiration from the Sicilian and Manx symbols to form rigid units of the metamaterial. By attaching connecting material of positive thermal expansion to the rigid units, the resulting metamaterial exhibits NTE. Analytical forms for the effective coefficients of thermal expansions (CTE) were established using infinitesimal and finite deformation assumptions for small and large temperature changes, respectively. Results indicate that the negativity of this metamaterial’s thermal expansion is enhanced with the thickness of the connecting material but decreases with the dimensions of the rigid units. The transverse isotropy for this metamaterial’s CTE is useful if thermal expansion compensation is required in two orthogonal directions but zero thermal expansion is required in the remaining orthogonal direction.

A Metamaterial Inspired Multiband Conformal Bandpass Filter with Improved Quality Factor for Sub-6 GHz Wireless Communication Applications

This paper deals with the design, simulation, and practical modeling of metamaterial-based multiband conformal bandpass filter (BPF) for various wireless communication applications with improved quality factors. The novel metamaterial in the form of a split ring resonator is loaded on the ground plane face of the proposed BPF. The overall dimension of the designed BPF is only [Formula: see text]. The proposed BPF is tuned initially for quality factor enhancement based on the thickness of the substrate, physical parameters of the f transmission line, ground plane, externally loaded elements, and the gap in the metamaterial loading. The suggested filter operates at triple band covering the frequency bands from 1.4 to 2.2, 3.6 to 3.9, and 4.8 to 5.9[Formula: see text]GHz, which are suitable for sub-6[Formula: see text]GHz 5G and other wireless applications. The insertion loss is observed as 1[Formula: see text]dB, which is suitable for the proposed BPF. The conformal behavior of the filter is judged through bending deformation analysis at various bending positions like (15[Formula: see text], 30[Formula: see text], 45[Formula: see text], 60[Formula: see text], and 90[Formula: see text]). The proposed BPF retains triple pass band characteristics at various bending deformations, which makes it suitable to be used in curved structures or flexible circuitry. The theory of equivalent circuits and quality factor [Formula: see text] of the designed BPF is discussed in this paper. The results are analyzed experimentally through ANRITSU-MS2037C combinational analyzer. The proposed BPF is suitable for sub-6 GHz 5G, WLAN, and Wi-Max applications.

Metamaterial Inspired Resonators as Microwave Sensors: A Review

Metamaterial-based devices show properties like negative magnetic permeability and negative electrical permittivity, which are not found naturally. Due to their extraordinary sensitivity to nearby perturbations, metamaterial structures have recently emerged as highly desirable and effective techniques of detection. Wide dynamic range, multi-functionality, and simple design and production are a few benefits of metamaterial-based structures. The sensitivity and limit of detection for sensors based on metamaterials can be enhanced by properly altering the device parameters. With the inclusion of microfluidics in metamaterial-based sensors, the sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limit can also be improved. In this review, we have focused on the various meta-surfaces employed for sensing purposes. We have provided a brief introduction to the principle and working of sensors based on meta-surfaces. The main content of the paper is a detailed review of metamaterial-inspired microwave sensor device applications in different fields. These fields include applications in biological sensing, chemical and fuel sensing, physical sensing (includes temperature, strain, displacement, and thickness measurement), and non-destructive techniques for structural health monitoring.

A Metamaterial Inspired Low-Scattering Electric Quadrupole Antenna

A Metamaterial Inspired Low-Scattering Electric Quadrupole Antenna

Metamaterial Inspired Azimuth Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Applications

A Radiation reconfigurable antenna is presented for n78 band 5G applications. A planar monopole is combined by a tuning fork and a U shaped strip to form radiating element. A partial ground is maintained at back side. Four metamaterial unit cells are used in this design, two at each side of the radiator to achieve the radiation re-configurability. Comb shaped metamaterial unit cells are placed in a clock wise direction around the antenna and connected to radiator via BAR-64-02V PIN diodes. The proposed reconfigurable antenna operates at 3500MHz for almost all switching conditions. On the basis of the condition of switching diode the antenna radiation pattern is mainly reconfigured into 45o and 135o directions. The antenna’s overall dimensions in X×Y×Z directions are 30mm×26mm×1.57mm. The designed antenna achieved different pattern combinations when diode switching conditions are applied, making it suitable for n78 band 5G applications.

Design and 3D Printing of Graded Bionic Metamaterial Inspired by Pomelo Peel for High Energy Absorption

Light-weight, high-strength metamaterials with excellent specific energy absorption (SEA) capabilities are significant for aerospace and automobile. The SEA of metamaterials largely depends on the material and structural design. Herein, inspired by the superior impact resistance of pomelo peel for protecting the pulp and the elevated SEA ability of a functionally graded structure, a graded bionic polyhedron metamaterial (GBPM) was designed and realized by 3D printing using a soft material (photosensitive resin) and a hard material (Ti-6Al-4V). Guided by compression tests and numerical simulations, the elevated SEA ability was independent of the materials. The fluctuation region appeared in hard-material-fabricated bionic polyhedron metamaterial (BPMs) and was absent in soft-material-fabricated BPMs in the stress–strain curves, resulting in the growth rate of the SEA value of the soft-material-fabricated GBPM being enhanced by 5.9 times compared with that of the hard-material-fabricated GBPM. The SEA values of soft- and hard-material-fabricated GBPM were 1.89 and 44.16 J/g, which exceed those of most soft- and hard-material-fabricated metamaterials reported in previous studies. These findings can guide the design of metamaterials with high energy absorption to resist external impacts.

Design of a Beam-steering Metamaterial Inspired LPDA Array for 5G Applications

Design of a Beam-steering Metamaterial Inspired LPDA Array for 5G Applications

A Design of Metamaterial Inspired Resonator for Multifrequency Fluidic Sensors

This letter presents a multifrequency planar resonator fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) for the determination of dispersive fluidic materials. By employing composite right-/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) in the resonator, the characteristic of multiresonance has been achieved in a compact size (0.17 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times \,\,0.15\lambda _{0}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), which can enhance the sensitivity of the resonator as a sensor at multiple frequencies. The substrate is integrated with a fluidic container made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The optimum design operates at 2.28, 2.95, and 10.6 GHz to cover both the lower and the higher frequency bands. Also, it shows very good sensitivity (0.98, 0.7, and 0.67) at each resonant frequency. Deionized water at different temperatures and water–ethanol mixtures are used to verify the performance of the sensor in multiple frequency bands. The advantages of the proposed design, including compact size, multifrequency resonances, and high sensitivity, make it a competitive solution for detecting biological samples with similar electromagnetic properties in a single-frequency band.

A Metamaterial Inspired AMC Backed Dual Band Antenna for ISM and RFID Applications.

This work presents the design and fabrication of a metamaterial-based stimulated dual band antenna on FR4 material (dielectric constant 4.3) to operate in Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) and Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) applications. The antenna model had an overall dimension of 70 × 31 × 1.6 mm3 with etched T-slots and L-slots for dual band resonance. The main objective of this work was to enhance the gain performance characteristic at the selected dual band frequencies of 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz. Initially, it achieved a narrow bandwidth of 0.018 GHz with a gain of 1.53 dBi at a lower frequency, and 0.13 GHz of bandwidth featuring 4.49 dBi of gain at a higher frequency. The antenna provided an impedance bandwidth of 2% (0.905–0.923 GHz) and 5% (2.382–2.516 GHz) at two resonating frequencies. The antenna was integrated with a designed novel AMC structure to enhance the gain in CST Microwave Studio software with the finite integration method. The characteristic features of the AMC unit cell were observed at 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz frequencies and after antenna integration, the final prototype achieved a gain of 2.87 dBi at 0.915 GHz and 6.8 dBi at 2.45 GHz frequencies.

Experimental Verification of Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement of Fractal Contoured Metamaterial Inspired Antenna

In this work, a 2.5 GHz fractal contoured square microstrip antenna with four ring metamaterial structure, hereon referred to as optimized metamaterial inspired square fractal antenna (OMSFA), has been presented. This paper is an extension to the previously designed OMSFA [4] and aims to experimentally verify the enhanced gain and bandwidth of this antenna. The design and simulation of the proposed OMSFA was accomplished by using Ansys HFSS (v18.2). The end-to-end antenna spread area is 23 mm x 23 mm on a 46 mm x 28 mm x 1.6 mm FR4 substrate (εr = 4.4). The simulated OMSFA was fabricated using Nvis 72 Prototyping Machine and measured in an anechoic chamber facility using vector network analyzer. The antenna resonates with the deepest return loss at S11 of -39.5 dB in a broad bandwidth of 2.53 GHz from 2.265 GHz to 4.79 GHz with experimental verification. The OMSFA provides an enhanced gain of 8.81 dB at the desired frequency of 2.5 GHz. The simulation and experimental results of resonance, gain and radiation pattern are found to agree maximally. The fractional bandwidth offered by this proposed antenna is 72.28%. The experimental validation confirms enhanced gain-bandwidth performance in a wide resonance band. Hence, the OMSFA is well recommended for wireless and energy harvesting rectenna applications.

Development of Metamaterial Inspired Non-Uniform Circular Array Superstate Antenna Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

In this work, using characteristic mode analysis, a multi-layered nonuniform metasurface structured antenna has been optimized. The driven patch of square structure and the parasitic patch elements of circular radiating cross-slotted meta-structure are used in the proposed model. The modal significance characteristic angles and surface currents are analyzed based on characteristic mode to optimize the nonuniform structures. The antenna is resonating between 5.5–6.1 GHz, covering WLAN applications with an average gain of 7.9 dBi and efficiency greater than 90%. Transient mode, terminal mode, and eigenmode-based analyses are performed on the proposed design, and comparative analysis has been presented in this work. The prototype model fabrication and real-time measurement analysis with simulation results matching are presented for application validation.

Designing A Metamaterial Inspired MIMO Antenna For Multi-Band Application

Designing A Metamaterial Inspired MIMO Antenna For Multi-Band Application

Dual Band Electrically Small Complementary Double Negative Structure Loaded Metamaterial Inspired Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applications

In this article, a compact dual band metamaterial inspired circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications is presented. The antenna consists of a circular patch loaded with a complementary double negative metamaterial structure which produces a percentage miniaturisation of 60.7%. The circular microstrip patch antenna used for developing the proposed antenna has a resonant frequency of 6.2 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 3.5% before the metamaterial structure is applied upon it. The loading of the proposed metamaterial structure inspires the antenna to lower its resonant frequency with enhanced bandwidth and generate one additional resonance. The designed antenna can be tuned throughout the C-band by simply altering the size of the metamaterial structure loaded upon it. However, the prototype of the antenna is designed for the most commonly used wireless communication bands at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz. The 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 1.63% at 2.4 GHz and 13.15% at 5.2 GHz are achieved by this design. The electrical parameters of the proposed antenna are ka = 0.72 and QChu = 4.07 rendering it electrically small. This electrical compactness and bandwidth enhancement are caused by the loading of metamaterial structure. The proposed antenna is fabricated on low cost FR4 substrate and has an overall compact electrical size of 0.164 λ0 × 0.164 λ0 × 0.013 λ0 and physical dimensions 20 × 20 × 1.6 mm3, with peak gain 3.8 dBi and 2.9 dBi at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz respectively.

A Hybrid Fractal Metamaterial Inspired Multiband Antenna for Wireless Applications

A Hybrid Fractal Metamaterial Inspired Multiband Antenna for Wireless Applications

Asymmetric Coplanar Strip-fed Electrically Small Metamaterial Inspired Antenna for Quadband Operation

Asymmetric Coplanar Strip-fed Electrically Small Metamaterial Inspired Antenna for Quadband Operation

Designing and Development of Metamaterial Inspired Antennas for Multiband Wireless Communications

Designing and Development of Metamaterial Inspired Antennas for Multiband Wireless Communications

Electrically Small Metamaterial Inspired Monopole Antenna Using Double Negative Metamaterial and Ring Resonators

This paper proposes a new metamaterial inspired electrically small multi-band monopole antenna. The proposed antenna can operate at DCS 1800 in the lower band and covers two wireless local area network (WLAN) bands in the higher band. This paper describes the design and a detailed analysis of the electrically small antenna, where the compactness is achieved by the application of double negative metamaterial on a monopole antenna and multiband operation is achieved by the addition of two ring resonators. The ground structure is modified for giving proper impedance matching at lower bands. Moreover, an additional double negative structure of similar design is also incorporated to enhance its gain. A comparative study of the proposed antenna with other reported electrically small antennas is summarized and analyzed. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated on a low cost substrate and experimentally validated.