Metals In Meat Research Articles

Evaluation of bacterial contamination and heavy metals in cow and camel meat

Abstract This study examined 75 samples of raw meat from cows and camels sold in local marketplaces in the governorate of Najaf/ Iraq, for bacterial load and heavy metal contamination. The culture results were classified into 10 types involving E. coli (36–90%) (31–88.5%), Enterobacter spp. (7–17.5%) (3–8.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (10–25%) (8–22.8%), Klebsiella spp. (3–7.5%) (4–11.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (4–10%) (5–14.2%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (5–12.5%) (5–14.2%), Proteus spp. (5–12.5%) (6–17.1%), E. coli O157 (6–15%) (2–5.7%), Yersinia enterocolitica (3–7.5%) (4–11.2%), and Salmonella spp. (3–7.5%) (4–11.2%), from cows and camels respectively. The averages of heavy metals concentrations in cow meat samples were 0.54±0.25, 0.50±0.18, 0.33±0.22, 0.22±2.5, 1.0±0.25 mg/kg; however, in camel meat samples were 0.27±0.20, 0.31±0.12, 0.26±0.11, 0.17±1.5 and 0.5±0.15 mg/kg for Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) respectively. The presence of significant levels of pathogenic microorganisms and metals in the meat samples indicates poor sanitation and hygiene practices during dealing with meat through steps of production, packaging, transportation, and storage, and the high amounts of heavy metal contamination in the environment, which will have an impact on the meat and milk animal products.

Heavy metals in meat products from Shandong, China and risk assessment

ABSTRACT In this study 13 heavy metals were analysed in representative livestock meat, poultry meat, livestock offal and poultry offal samples (20 per category) from marketplaces and retail stores in 16 cities in Shandong province, China. The investigated heavy metals were Cu, Cr, V, Ni, As, Se, Sn, Cd, Pb, Sb, Mn, Ba and Hg. Results revealed mean levels of total heavy metals in meat and offal of 1.56 mg/kg and 39.8 mg/kg, respectively. Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Se, Ba and Pb were found in all samples (100%), followed by Hg (95.0%), V (91.3%), Sn (73.8%), Cd (51.3%), As (21.3%) and Sb (11.3%). Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values showed that high meat intake can cause potential health risks. Thus, continuous monitoring of health risks and trends of heavy metals in meat products is needed, both for food safety and consumer’s health.

Accumulation of heavy metals in meat and their relationship with water and food intake of aquatic animals in Kermanshah, western Iran

ABSTRACT Accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic meat can have a destructive role in food safety and is also closely related to the water and feed consumed by animals. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the heavy metals in three aquatic species and their relationship with water and food. Fresh samples included 65 trout, 40 carp, and 45 shrimp, and their water and food were collected from Kermanshah aquaculture. After the preparation phase, the concentration of heavy metals was determined by using inductively-coupled plasma-mass-spectrometry. Lead in carp, arsenic in shrimp, cadmium, and mercury in trout had the highest concentrations of toxic metals. The lead, arsenic, and mercury concentrations in all three farmed aquatic species were higher than the maximum permissible limits. A significant correlation coefficient was observed between the concentration of these metals in the meat and their consumed water and food (p≤0.001). Of the essential metals, except for selenium in trout, and zinc in all three aquatic species, the concentration of other metals was higher than that of the permissible consumption limit. There was also a significant correlation between the concentration of essential metals and their consumed feed (p<0.001). The target hazard quotient of toxic metals was less than 1, but the target cancer risk for arsenic and mercury was in the range of carcinogenicity. Thereby, it is vital to monitor the quality of aquatic meat and pay special attention to their water and feed sources in this region of Iran, which will consequently guarantee human health.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Residues in Hides of animals Singed with Tyres, and Public Health Implications Associated with such Practice in Lokoja Metropolis

The safety of food has been an issue of concern in developing countries like Nigeria where the processing method can pose some environmental health challenge. The use of scrap automobile tires to singe meat has been reported to possess some toxic materials that can pose health challenge to humans. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals in meat singed with fire wood and scrap tires in Lokoja, Nigeria. Samples of cattle hides singed with firewood and scrap tires were collected from four (4) different abattoirs and analyzed for the concentration of Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. There was significant increase in the concentration of Cu, Zn and Pb of the cattle hides singed with firewood and scrap tires when compared to the unsinged. The concentration of heavy metals for firewood singed cattle hide is within recommended Maximum Permissible Levels (MPLs) of the European Commission Regulations while the concentration of scrap tires is above the recommended Maximum Permissible Levels (MPLs) of the European Commission Regulations for Cu, Zn and Fe. Though there was increase in the concentration of Fe it is within the recommended Maximum Permissible Levels. The presence of heavy metals concentration above the permissible levels in cattle hides singed with scrap tires makes it unsafe for human consumption hence safer method should be adopted by the abattoirs.

ACCUMULATION OF 137Cs, Pb, Cd, Сu IN THE MUSCLE TISSUE AND LIVER OF PIGS GETTING DIFFERENT RATIONS

Experimental studies on young pigs of the large white breed were conducted on the territory of the physiological yard of the Polissia Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences (III zone of radioactive contamination due to the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant). To conduct the experiment, 2 groups of experimental animals were formed: Group I (control) was fed with grain mixture № 1 with narrow-leaved lupine (alkaloid-free) and sunflower cake; II group (experimental) received grain mixture № 2 with genetically modified soy. Experimental pigs were kept in one room according to the accepted technology in group cages equipped with a wooden floor. The mode of feeding and drinking, parameters of the microclimate in both groups were the same. According to the results of tests conducted at the Ukrainian Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, it was established that soybeans contain genetically modified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), have the target sequence of the 35S+FMV promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus and the NOS terminator (nopaline synthase) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The specific activity of 137Cs in the longest back muscle of pigs varied by group within 3.7-10.3 Bq/kg and did not exceed permissible levels (DR-2006 = 200 Bq/kg). When used as part of the GM soybean grain mixture, the concentration of radiocesium in the muscle tissue of animals of the II (experimental) group relative to the control decreased by 6.6 Bq/kg, or by 64.1% with a statistically significant difference (Р&gt; 0.95). Moreover, the accumulation rate of 137Cs in the longest back muscle of piglets was 0.46-0.95 and was 2.1 times higher in young pigs that received grain mixture No. 1 without GM soybeans, compared to the use of grain mixture No. 2. The concentration of Pb in the slaughter products of experimental animals was significantly lower than the MPC, while the level of contamination of the longest back muscle of pigs Cd exceeded the regulatory requirements by 1.40-1.44 times. The introduction of 60% (by mass) of corn gain and 10% of GM soybeans into the grain mixture instead of the same amount of wheat grain, lupine and sunflower cake for fattening young pigs in the III zone of radioactive pollution contributes to a smaller accumulation of heavy metals in meat: Pb – by 17.5%, Cd – by 2.8%, Cu – by 4.2%. Therefore, the transition coefficients of Pb and Cd into the muscle tissue of animals of the II (experimental) group relative to the analogues of the I (control) group increased by 1.24% and 3.02% respectively, and Cu decreased by 0.23%.

Toxic Metals in Meat Contributed by Helicopter and Rifle Thoracic Killing of Game Meat Animals

Processes of killing wild game meat animals could introduce toxic metals into the animal’s meat, which subsequently may pose a risk of consumer exposure to toxins during ingestion. In most cases, toxic metals occur naturally in the environment and may be found in traces in different parts of a game meat animal. However, some of these metals are also introduced to meat animals by bullets used during the hunting and killing of game meat animals. These bullets are generally made from metals such as lead, arsenic, and copper, all of which have strictly regulated limits in food products including meat. Samples of helicopter-killed impala in the area around the bullet/pellets’ wound (n = 9) and from animals killed by a single projectile (n = 9) were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The type of bullet used influenced the mean concentration of some of these toxic metals (mg/Kg) in meat samples; helicopter killing resulted in the following levels of As (0.665, SD = 1.95); Cd (0.000, SD = 0.000); Pb (620.18, SD = 1247.6); and Hg (0.017 SD = 0.033) compared to single projectile killing that resulted in the following levels: As (0.123, SD = 0.221); Cd (0.008, SD = 0.021); Pb (1610.79, SD = 1384.5); and Hg (0.028, SD = 0.085). The number of samples per metal with levels above the EU products’ limits were Pb = 18/18 samples from both killing methods, As = 2/18 samples from helicopter killing, Cd- = 1/18 from rifle killing and Hg = 0/18. To minimise the risks of toxic metals posed by bullets, the use of lead (Pb) free bullets should be encouraged, and the control of meat animal killing methods must always be performed, especially for meat contamination prevention.

Influence of Spirulina Platensis in the composition of feed on the content of heavy metals in rabbit meat

An important area for the further development of animal husbandry is to provide humanity with environmentally friendly food. One way to reduce the content of heavy metals in livestock products in general and meat in particular is to feed some feed products that have sorbent properties. For this purpose, a scientific and economic experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding compound feeds containing 0.5–2% Spirulina platensis to rabbits raised for meat. The experimental period of the research lasted from the 60th to the 120th day of life of young rabbits and ended with a control slaughter. During this period, the live weight of the rabbits, their safety and the amount of feed consumed were monitored. During the control slaughter, the chemical composition of the longest back muscle was studied, as well as the content of Lead and Cadmium. According to the results ofthe experiment it was found that the introduction of compound feed rabbits Spirulina platensis in doses of 0.5–2.0% helps to improve their growth, reduce the content of Cadmium and Lead in meat, reduce the fat content in it and increase the proportion of dry matter and protein. It should be noted that the highest productivity of rabbits was achieved at a feed content of 1.5% of Spirulina platensis, ahead of control counterparts by 7.8% (P&lt;0.01). Instead, the lowest concentration of heavy metals in meat was recorded at the content of 2.0% of the specified feed: Cadmium by 34.1% (P&lt;0.01), and Lead – by 25.9% (P&lt;0.001) less than the control indexes. As for the chemical composition of meat, the highest protein and the lowest fat in it was recorded at 1.5% Spirulina platensis in the feed. Compared to control animals, rabbit meat in this group contained 1.2% more protein and 0.7% (P&lt;0.01) less fat. Thus, 1.5% of Spirulina platensis in the feed for rabbits raised for meat can be considered the optimal proportion. Key words: rabbits, Spirulina platensis, live weight gain, productivity, Cadmium, Lead, meat.

Distribution and safety assessment of heavy metals in fresh meat from Zhejiang, China

There are increasing concerns on heavy metals in animal derived foods. We analyzed the levels of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb in 1066 fresh meat samples including pork, beef, mutton, chicken and duck from Zhejiang province, southeast China. The average levels of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb were 0.018, 0.002, 0.061, 0.801, 0.0038, 0.055, and 0.029 mg/kg wet weight respectively. There are significant positive correlations among Cd, Hg and Pb (P < 0.05) and negative correlations for Cu–Pb or Cu–Cd (P < 0.05). The exposure assessment showed that the health risk to humans by consuming these meat products was relatively low. However, regular monitoring of heavy metals in meat products is still recommended considering their intensive industrial activities.

Arsenic and toxic metals in meat and fish consumed in Niger delta, Nigeria: Employing the margin of exposure approach in human health risk assessment

This study provides information on the health risk of As, Cd, Hg, Pb and V exposure from Nigerian foods consumption (fish, cow, goat and chicken meat) in different age-groups (children, adolescent, adult, senior) and six areas of Niger Delta, Nigeria (Choba, Khana, Eleme, TransAmadi, Uyo, and Yenogoa). The health risk assessment was performed by estimating the weekly or monthly intake of metals from foods and Margin of Exposure (MOE) approach by using established benchmark dose levels (BMDLs). Regarding As, cow and chicken meat products contributed to As exposure intake especially in children resulting in values higher than BMDL0.1 for cancer risk in TransAmadi and Uyo areas. Cadmium exposure was due to cow, chicken and goat meat ingestion mostly in adolescent above the tolerable monthly intake limit in TransAmadi and Uyo areas. Concerning Hg and V, the exposure from Nigerian food did not constitute a potential health hazard. Lead exposure in children were above or close to BMDL0.1 for developmental neurotoxicity by ingestion of cow and goat meat in all the Nigerian areas. In adult and senior the Pb dietary exposure were above the BMDL10 providing a low to negligible risk for kidney effects. The potential concern for health effects in Niger Delta population needs further efforts to decrease As, Cd and Pb dietary exposure especially for children and adolescent, who are more vulnerable to adverse life events.

ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНАЯ ОЦЕНКА МЯСА КОЗ ПРИ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ УВМК «ВИТА-БАЛАНС»

For this purpose, an economic experiment was conducted in LLC «SHP Lukoz» of the Sernursky district of the RME. Two groups of goats with 6 heads each were selected using the method of pairs of analogues. The first group was a control group, received food according to the basic household ration, the second group was an experimental group, in addition to the basic ration, received UVMC Vita-Balance for 45 days. During the experiment, the physiological state of the goats was taken into account. A veterinary and sanitary assessment of goat meat was carried out and a quantitative analysis of the content of heavy metals in meat was carried out at the FSBI «FCTRB-VNIVI».

Валідація методу визначення свинцю, кадмію, арсену у м’ясі та м’ясопродуктах атомно-абсорбційною спектрометрією з електротермічною атомізацією

The toxicity of heavy metals poses risks to the health of both humans and animals based on their ability to accumulate in the body. The toxicity of the metal depends on the absorbed dose, route and duration of exposure. The timely determination of heavy metals in food, in accordance with EU-approved assessment methods, is an urgent task. The aim of the study was to validate the method of determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic in meat and meat products by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization. The Thermo Solaar atomic absorption spectrophotometer (USA) was used to determine arsenic and cadmium, and the Varian 240 G atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Australia) was used to determine lead. Nitric acid (Merk, Germany), certified standard solutions (Merk, Germany) according to the approved methods were used for mineralization of samples and preparation of background, calibration solutions. The validation characteristics of the method for determining lead, cadmium, arsenic by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization, namely: detection limit, quantitative limit, accuracy, correctness, convergence, reproducibility, selectivity, linearity. The accuracy, practicality and versatility of this method have been proven, which is confirmed by LOD and LOQ: for lead 0.31, 10.0 μg / kg, cadmium 0.3 and 5.0 μg / kg, arsenic 0.2 and 10.0 μg / kg. The results obtained and the validation data on accuracy and reproducibility are in line with the requirements of European legislation on the residual content of heavy metals in meat and meat products.

Residues of veterinary drugs and heavy metals in bovine meat from Urabá (Antioquia, Colombia), a promising step forward towards international commercialization

Veterinary drugs are used for disease control in bovines Their presence at acceptable levels is a cause of concern for consumers and control agencies, as well as being a limitation for accessing international markets. The objective of this research was to evaluate the presence of residues of veterinary drugs and heavy metals in meat cuts from the Urabá region in Colombia. From a total of 80 samples of meat cuts from the loin and neck, we determined the presence of 29 veterinary drug residues and of cadmium and lead. The drug residues were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Heavy metals were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption. As a result, all evaluated samples complied with Colombian and European regulations for drug residues and heavy metals. These results demonstrate good veterinary practices used for bovines raised in this part of Colombia, and they represent an export opportunity and an opening for new markets that can be enhanced by the implementation of a meat quality seal from this region.

EFFECT OF ZEOLITE (CLINOPTILOLITE) ON CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF RABBIT MEAT

This work is aimed to evaluate the effect of natural zeolite on selected parameters of the rabbit's meat chemical composition. The rabbits of the Castorex breed (n=12) were divided into two groups: Control group C (n=6) without the addition of zeolite in feed and the experimental group Z (n=6) in which animals received zeolite daily in a peroral form in concentration 0.2 g/kg of body weight. Determination of the nutritional composition of rabbit meat and analysis of individual amino acids and fatty acids was performed by the Nicolet 6700 using FT-IR method (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) in the musculus Longissimus dorsi (MLD) and the musculus Vastus lateralis (MVL). The content of water in meat in group Z (73.630 ± 0.270 g * 100g-1) was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared to group C (72.480 ± 0.530 g * 100g-1). Cysteine content in MLD in group Z (0.289 ± 0.007 g*100 g-1) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than in group C (0.277 ± 0.011 g*100 g-1). Another noticeable difference in the statistical level p ≤ 0.05 in favor of zeolite was found in linoleic acid content in MLD with mean values in group Z (0.324 ± 0.016 g*100g-1 FAME) against the group C (0.293 ± 0.009 g* 100 g-1 FAME). Therefore, the addition of zeolite to the rabbit feeding diet possibly increases the proportion of essential linoleic fatty acid and thereby may improve the nutritional value of the meat. Increased cysteine value can lead to a better degradation of heavy metals in meat.

The Measurement of Cadmium, Zinc and Silver in Chicken Meat in Isfahan Province, Iran

Background: One of the concerns of consumers of animal protein sources is the residues of heavy metals in meat. The accumulation of these elements in meat and the consumption by humans can cause acute and chronic disorders in the function of vital organs. Methods: For the estimation of cadmium, zinc and silver in the poultry meat products, 100 samples of chicken breasts, thighs, hearts and livers were collected from meat markets in Isfahan Province. The tissues were digested and passed through filter paper, and the cadmium, zinc and silver contents were measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The mean contents of cadmium in the chicken thigh, breast, liver and heart samples were 0.055±0.021, 0.048±0.023, 0.074±0.031, and 0.012±0.004 mg/kg, respectively. The mean contents of zinc in the chicken thigh, breast, liver and heart samples were 17.19±8.10, 15.70±5.75, 22.10±10.87, and 19.70±10.38 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of cadmium and zinc were below the international permissible limits in all samples. The mean concentrations of silver in some chicken thigh, breast, liver and heart samples were 0.0080±0.0044, 0.0048±0.0013, 0.012±0.009 and 0.0036±0.006, respectively. Of note, silver was not detected in most chicken samples. Conclusion: This study did not find cadmium, zinc and silver in the chicken meat samples above the international permissible limits. However, frequent monitoring for heavy metals in poultry meat sold in public markets is warranted to prevent their transmission to the human food chain.

Quality and safety of meat from wild boar hunted in Molise region

A study was carried out to evaluate meat quality traits and heavy metals content of longissimus thoracis muscle from wild boar of different estimated live weight (50, 70, 100 kg; n = 25, 24, 18, respectively), sex and hunting area of Molise region. Meat quality data were analysed by GLM, live weight and sex were the main factors, for heavy metals the hunting area was also included. Neither live weight nor sex affected pH, colour, vitamin E and total lipid. Cholesterol was tendentially affected by live weight and sex. Collagen content was affected only by sex. Lighter boars showed a higher content (p<.05) of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), n − 6 and n − 3 PUFA, and PUFA/SFA ratio (p<.05) compared to other weight classes. Lighter boars had a better atherogenic index compared to boars of intermediate weight. Compared to females, males (M) had higher n − 3 PUFA and a lower n − 6/n − 3 ratio (p<.05). Weight, sex and hunting area did not affect cadmium (0.001 mg/kg), lead (0.011–0.026 mg/kg), copper (0.696–1.151 mg/kg) and manganese (0.083–0.130 mg/kg) levels. Chromium was affected by sex (M: 0.072 mg/kg; p=.012). Nickel (Ni) was higher (p<.01) in the heaviest boars (0.035 mg/kg) than the other weight classes (0.017 mg/kg). Significant differences between the two areas were found for Ni content, interactions (p<.01) were detected among all factors. In conclusion, lighter boars showed a better meat nutritional quality. The low content of heavy metals in the meat indicates a low level of anthropogenic pollution of the areas under study. Highlights Meat from younger boars showed a better meat nutritional quality. Low levels of heavy metals in meat indicates a low level of anthropogenic pollution of the studied areas.

Pb, Cd, and Cu Play a Major Role in Health Risk from Contamination in Duck Meat and Offal for Food Production in Thailand.

Zinc, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe, Cr, and Cu levels in duck meat from large-scale farms have been found to be significantly higher than those from free-grazing duck farms. Zinc, Co, Mn, Cr, and Cu contamination levels in duck liver from large-scale farms were significantly higher than those from free-grazing farms; only Cd in duck liver from free-grazing farms was higher than in liver samples from large-scale farms at P < 0.05. Lead, Cd, Fe, and Cr levels in duck intestine samples from free-grazing farms were higher than large-scale farms at P < 0.001. Moreover, the average concentrations of Pb in duck meat and liver samples from large-scale farms and Cd levels in duck liver samples from free-grazing farm also exceeded the FAO/WHO and Codex Alimentarius limits by 100% (55/55), 100% (54/54), and 67.6% (23/34), respectively. PCA analysis showed a strong positive relationship between the eight metals in meat, liver, and intestine was > 0.69, > 0.69, and > 0.72, in order. The relationship of the liver combined with the intestine was > 0.65. This study indicated that consumers may incur health risks from long-term consumption of duck due to high Pb and Cd concentrations from both types of farms, particularly from large-scale duck farms.

Implementation of circular economy principles in management of end-of-life tyres in a developing country (Nigeria)

Linear economy principles still dominates production and consumption model across the globe. However, the pursuit and implementation of circular economy model is growing. This model shift is sustained by the global movement towards the concept of sustainable development. Nigeria, a developing country has a very poor waste management system. This paper review discussed challenges and opportunities offered by post-consumer management of end-of-life tyres in Nigeria. End-of-life tyres (ELTs) cause a multi-faceted problem in Nigeria. They are issues with human health (abattoirs, breeding ground for mosquitoes, emissions, etc) and issues with the environment (linear economy, unrecovered resource, air pollution and contaminated land from abattoirs). These two factors form the underlying challenge which the paper addressed. Currently, the management of ELTs in Nigeria has serious negative ecological implications. It takes more than a century for a tyre to biodegrade, occupies much space in dumpsite, is highly flammable, and is generated annually in large volume. The use of tyre in roasting of meat is a common practice in abattoirs across Nigeria. It has led to elevated levels of heavy metals in meat. Therefore, the need for a sustainable approach. Socioeconomic limitations, scarcity of progressive environmental policy, technical and institutional incapacity have severely limited implementation of proper waste management system which is critical for operationalized circular economy. The paper also discussed potential directions on the application of CE model in ELT management, including policy and legislation. Factors unique to Nigeria supports the proposed integration of extended producer responsibility (EPR) and the free market system as the appropriate circular management approach of end-of-life tyres for the country. The study recommends formation of a producer responsibility organization nationally. However, for effective logistics, regionalization of the collection / processing facilities will foster competition and drive innovation in the post- consumer tyre management.

The impact of the nutritional supplement “ERAMIN” on the heavy metal content in meat and offals

There was performed an experimental study on the reduction of heavy metals in meat and products of slaughter cattle. For the experiment, according to the principle of analogues there were formed two groups of 15 Hereford calves each: 1 - control, 2 - experimental. Calves from the second group, in addition to the basic diet from the age of 3 months received dietary supplement "Eramin" in a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight for 10 days every 3 months throughout the period of growing and fattening. In that the content of heavy metals in the meat of calves is established to fail to exceed the MPC. The amount of copper, iron and nickel in the control group exceeded average by 93,2 and 77,8%, respectively. The nickel content in muscle longissimus dorsi of the control group is 0,046 mg/kg, which is 5,6 times above the average. Against the background of the use of "Eramin" in the ration of calves in meat there was shown a significant (P ≤ 0,05) decrease in iron, cadmium and lead 12,0; 9,8 and 11,4%, respectively.

Public health risk of heavy metal residues in meat and edible organs of broiler in an intensive production system of a region in Pakistan.

The aim of this study was to find the concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in feed, drinking water, and their residues in meat and internal organs in broilers at three different locations in Charsadda. For this purpose, a total of 48 representative water and feed samples and 240 meat and internal organs of broilers were collected. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentrations of Zn and Mn were found in feed samples. In water samples assessed for heavy metals, a significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentration of Pb was observed at Umerabad and Kula Dher as compared with Nisatta whereas a significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentration of Ni was recorded at Umerabad as compared with Nisatta and Kula Dher. Similarly, a significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentration of Mn in water was recorded at Kula Dher as compared with Nisatta and Umerabad. The concentration of Pb in water at all locations and the concentration of Ni at Umerabad were above the maximum permissible limits. A significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentration of Pb in the liver, breast, and thigh muscles and a significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentration of Mn in the liver, gizzard, breast, and thigh muscles of broilers were recorded at Kula Dher. A significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean concentration of Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, and Zn was recorded in the liver as compared with the gizzard, breast, and thigh muscles. It was concluded from the present study that broiler farms near the roadside/canal and waste disposal site/wastewater drains cause accomulaiton ofhigh concentrations of someheavy metals in meat and internal organs of broiler birds.

Effects of some cooking methods and some treatments on the concentrations of heavy metals in meats

Effects of some cooking methods and some treatments on the concentrations of heavy metals in meats