Implementation of circular economy principles in management of end-of-life tyres in a developing country (Nigeria)

Abstract

Linear economy principles still dominates production and consumption model across the globe. However, the pursuit and implementation of circular economy model is growing. This model shift is sustained by the global movement towards the concept of sustainable development. Nigeria, a developing country has a very poor waste management system. This paper review discussed challenges and opportunities offered by post-consumer management of end-of-life tyres in Nigeria. End-of-life tyres (ELTs) cause a multi-faceted problem in Nigeria. They are issues with human health (abattoirs, breeding ground for mosquitoes, emissions, etc) and issues with the environment (linear economy, unrecovered resource, air pollution and contaminated land from abattoirs). These two factors form the underlying challenge which the paper addressed. Currently, the management of ELTs in Nigeria has serious negative ecological implications. It takes more than a century for a tyre to biodegrade, occupies much space in dumpsite, is highly flammable, and is generated annually in large volume. The use of tyre in roasting of meat is a common practice in abattoirs across Nigeria. It has led to elevated levels of heavy metals in meat. Therefore, the need for a sustainable approach. Socioeconomic limitations, scarcity of progressive environmental policy, technical and institutional incapacity have severely limited implementation of proper waste management system which is critical for operationalized circular economy. The paper also discussed potential directions on the application of CE model in ELT management, including policy and legislation. Factors unique to Nigeria supports the proposed integration of extended producer responsibility (EPR) and the free market system as the appropriate circular management approach of end-of-life tyres for the country. The study recommends formation of a producer responsibility organization nationally. However, for effective logistics, regionalization of the collection / processing facilities will foster competition and drive innovation in the post- consumer tyre management.