Metals In Fish Muscles Research Articles

Assessment of heavy metal concentration in pelagic fish species and associated health risks along the Kanyakumari coast, India – a baseline study

ABSTRACT This research examines heavy metal concentration in fish from the Kanyakumari coast of India, emphasising its ecological consequences and possible health hazards for consumers. The study investigates the levels of several heavy metals such as zinc, manganese, iron, cadmium, copper, chromium, cobalt, lead, and nickel in different organs of multiple pelagic fish species obtained from the Kanyakumari fish landing site. Concentrations of heavy metals exhibit considerable variation among different fish organs and species, with distinct patterns identified for each metal. Muscle tissue often demonstrates reduced amounts of heavy metals in comparison to other organs. Except Zn and Fe, other heavy metals in fish muscle were above the acceptable limits set by health organisations. Cadmium was found to be 36-fold higher than the permissible limit, followed by nickel (30.4) and lead (7.6). Copper, nickel, and cadmium provide possible health hazards according to the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). Lead and cadmium exhibit Excessive Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) markedly above tolerable thresholds. Large predatory fish, such as Thunnus thynnus, exhibit elevated levels of contaminants such as cadmium. Environmental conditions, aquatic habitat, and dietary intake affect metal build-up in fish. The research employs multiple analytical methods and statistical methods, such as Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, correlation and Principal Component Analysis, to evaluate heavy metal concentrations and their interrelations. The study underscores the critical necessity for monitoring and mitigation techniques to combat heavy metal pollution in coastal waters and its possible effects on human health through fish intake.

Heavy metal concentration in marine edible fishes and associated health risks: An assessment from Tamil Nadu coast, Bay of Bengal

To assess food safety, the edible portion (muscle tissue) of the 91 different species of marine fish was studied and analyzed for metal contents. The fish samples were collected during 2017–2018 from the southwestern Bay of Bengal region at Kalpakkam coast. The hierarchy of the metals in muscle tissue was in the order of Fe > Zn > Al > Cr > Ni > Mn > Cu > Pb > Co > Cd, as reported in studied fishes. Among fish species, Lates calcarifer (469.69 mg/kg dry weight (dw) and Siganus lineatus (64.74 mg/kg dw) had the highest and lowest total metal content in their muscle tissue. Fe & Zn together contributed ̴ 70% of the total metal content of 72 fish species. The observed elevated concentrations of Al (1.96–46.6, average: 20.39 mg/kg dw) and Cr (1.93–55.24, average: 15.2 mg/kg dw) in fish compared to other regions could be attributed to localized contamination. The PCA results suggested a higher accumulation of Al, Cd, Cu, & Zn, in pelagic-neritic fishes and Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, & Pb in demersal fishes in comparison to fishes occupying other habitats. The levels of metals in fish muscle are in compliance with the maximum regulatory limit specified for fish by the Food Safety and Standards of India (FSSAI), European Commission (EC), Joint Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), suggesting that the fishes are safe for human consumption. The non-carcinogenic (estimated daily intake; target hazard quotient, hazard index) and carcinogenic risk (target cancer risk) assessment performed indicated no apparent risk to the adult consumer.

Detection of heavy metals in fish muscles of selected local fish varieties of the Shitalakshya River and probabilistic health risk assessment

The Shitalakshya River, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is under threat of heavy metal pollution due to the numerous industrial pollutants that flow through its streams. As a result, the heavy metal content and the possible human health risk of ingesting three common fish, Systomus sarana (Olive barb), Pethia ticto (Ticto barb) and Mastacembelus armatus (Tire-track Spiny eel), captured from the industrially contaminated Shitalakya River in Bangladesh were assessed in this study. This research evaluates the possible health risks imposed by five heavy metals copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), As) and chromium (Cr) detected in three of the most common fish species utilizing atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Such toxic metals are poisonous in nature and can enter the human diet via fish ingestion. To quantify the hazard to public health from heavy metal pollution by consuming aquatic species, particularly fish, the estimated daily intake (EDI), targeted hazard quotient (THQ), and carcinogenic risk (TCR) were computed. The results of this investigation revealed the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr) in the three local fish species from the three locations that exceeded the permitted limits established by the international standard references (FAO/WHO, USFDA, MOFL, EC). The THQ values are within the limiting value of 1 for all heavy metals in Pethia ticto (Ticto barb), Mastacembelus armatus (Tire-track Spiny eel) and Systomus sarana (Olive barb). The cumulative impacts of all metals in this study surpassed the allowable limit of 1 for HI (hazard index) in all three species. The presence of Pb, Cd, Ni, and As in the three fish species raises the risk of cancer from the ingestion of selected fish. As a consequence, this study suggests that heavy metal surveillance of fish in contaminated rivers be carried out on a frequent basis through government environmental health management authorities to enforce regulatory criteria.

Relationship of Concentrations of Some Heavy Metals with Fish Size in Muscle Tissue of Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) from the Tigris River (Turkey)

The levels of some heavy metals in muscle tissues (As, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Cd) of Carassius gibelio collected from the Tigris River were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). All the metals in fish muscle were determined. The highest metal concentration in the muscle tissue was found to be Cu and the lowest Co. In regard to heavy metal levels and fish size there were remarkable positive and negative relationships. There was no gender differences in terms of heavy metal accumulation in muscle tissues of Carassius gibelio (p>0.05). The obtained results in this study were lower than the limits for fish which were proposed by WHO, FAO, EPA and TFC.

Trophic transfer, bioaccumulation, and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Aras River: case study-Amphipoda- zander - human.

Heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, and Cu) were traced in a model of the aqueous food chain in the Aras River, located in northwest of Iran. The selected model included the zander (Sander lucioperca L.) and crustacean species known as amphipods (Gammarus sp.) which belong to the food chain of this ray-finned fish. A total of 172 samples (70 fish and 102 amphipods) were collected randomly and analyzed for heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the accumulation of heavy metals in both taxa are in the order of As > Pb > Cd > Cu, and concentrations of heavy metals in fish muscle are higher than Gammarus sp. in all stations in different seasons. Specimens of station (1) displayed the highest heavy metal content due to local industrial activities. The recorded concentrations of As, Pb, and Cd exceed the permissible limits. There is a close correlation between the concentrations of heavy metals in the amphipods and zanders. Target hazard quotient (THQ), total target hazard quotient (TTHQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) were calculated to assess risks to human health. The average of THQ for As (1.43) exceeded the international standards and presenting health risks to the consumers of this fish species. The TTHQ for heavy metals was estimated higher than 1. At all stations, the value of CRCd > 1 × 10-3 indicating the degree of carcinogenicity of this metal in all parts of the Aras River. Therefore, according to our results, efficient control measures and regular biomonitoring should be established in this region.

Determination of Heavy Metal Concentration in Two Bony Fish (Catfish and Tilapia) from Orashi River in Rivers State, Nigeria

The research was intended to study the influence of human and industrial activities on the Orashi River and two bony fish (Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia nilotica). Three groups are observed to have impacted the environment – Oil/gas industries, tyre burning from abattoir, untreated human and animal waste from settlers and the abattoir. The study was carried out from September 2019 to August 2020. The mean concentrations of the parameters studied in some samples were close to or exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) recommended limits for drinking water and seafood. The results from this study have provided information on the heavy metals profile on the fish of the river. The level of heavy metals in the muscle of Catfish and Tilapia showed a range of Cadmium in Catfish (1-3.9mg/kg and Tilapia (0.1-4.2mg/kg) with the highest level occurring in station 2 (3.47mg/kg for Catfish and 3.39mg/kg for Tilapia) which is high with regard to FAO 19835, FAO/WHO 10896, EEC 20054 permissible limit of 0.01mg/l and USEPA SQG (1mg/kg) level in seafood. The levels of essential heavy metals in fish muscle were Copper (Catfish-10.9-33mg/kg, Tilapia -17.3-40.6mg/kg), Iron (Catfish-1.0-2.5mg/kg, Tilapia -0.1-5.6mg/kg) were within the FAO 1983 permissible limit while Zinc (Catfish-22-213.2mg/kg) and Tilapia (30.1-196mg/kg) exceeds the limit in some stations. Catfish muscles recorded higher mean value (127.12mg/kg) for all heavy metals than tilapia (44.03mg/kg) and the sequence is Copper > Zinc > Iron > Cadmium. The concentration of heavy metals in Orashi River is in the sequence: Sediment > Catfish > Tilapia >Water. The Total Heavy metal concentration in muscle of Catfish (0.5-1.8mg/kg) and Tilapia (0.1-3.8mg/kg) were within permissible limit.

Potential Harmful Effects of Heavy Metals as a toxic and carcinogenic agent in Marine Food-An Overview

The survival of organisms is threatened with a variety of pollutants and chemical compounds and population growth. Natural phenomena and human activities, especially industrial activities increase contamination of water, soil and air. Population growth leads to increased exploitation of the sea and oceans, thus the consumption of seafood increases. In addition, the main food of the people in some areas is fish. Consumption of fish has numerous benefits to healthy for humans, but the existence of some heavy metals including lead, cadmium, and etc. may cause toxicity to marine organisms. The degree of heavy metal toxicity depends on their chemical form of metals. Some forms of metals are rapidly excreted and do not have the opportunity to be absorbed and stored in body tissues, accordingly they are not very toxic, while some forms of metals are highly toxic and lethal. These forms are slowly excreted from metals and have the ability to be absorbed and accumulated in fish muscles and other organs. Heavy metals cause harmful effects such as carcinogenesis, malformations, damage to the nervous system, damage to the reproductive system and infertility in men, liver failure and cardiovascular disease and so on. Therefore, in this review focused on concentration of heavy metals in fish muscle is essential to ensure the safety of this type of food.

Predictive Innovative Methods for Aquatic Heavy Metals Pollution Based on Bioindicators in Support of Blue Economy in the Danube River Basin

Heavy metal pollution is still present in the Danube River basin, due to intensive naval and agricultural activities conducted in the area. Therefore, continuous monitoring of this pivotal aquatic macro-system is necessary, through the development and optimization of monitoring methodologies. The main objective of the present study was to develop a prediction model for heavy metals accumulation in biological tissues, based on field gathered data which uses bioindicators (fish) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers. Samples of water and fish were collected from the lower sector of Danube River (DR), Danube Delta (DD) and Black Sea (BS). The following indicators were analyzed in samples: cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) (in water and fish tissues), respectively, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) (in fish tissues). The pollution index (PI) was calculated to identify the most polluted studied ecosystem, which revealed that Danube River is seriously affected by the presence of Fe (IP = 4887) and strongly affected by the presence of Zn (IP = 4.49). The concentration of Cd in fish muscle tissue was above the maximum permitted level (0.05 µg/g) by the EU regulation. From all analyzed OS biomarkers, MDA registered the highest median values in fish muscle (145.7 nmol/mg protein in DR, 201.03 nmol/mg protein in DD, 148.58 nmol/mg protein in BS) and fish liver (200.28 nmol/mg protein in DR, 163.67 nmol/mg protein, 158.51 nmol/mg protein), compared to CAT, SOD and GPx. The prediction of Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Cu in fish hepatic and muscle tissue was determined based on CAT, SOD, GPx and MDA, by using non-linear tree-based RF prediction models. The analysis emphasizes that MDA in hepatic tissue is the most important independent variable for predicting heavy metals in fish muscle and tissues at BS coast, followed by GPx in both hepatic and muscle tissues. The RF analytical framework revealed that CAT in muscle tissue, respectively, MDA and GPx in hepatic tissues are most common predictors for determining the heavy metals concentration in both muscle and hepatic tissues in DD area. For DR, the MDA in muscle, followed by MDA in hepatic tissue are the main predictors in RF analysis.

Cyto-histopathological and protein polymorphism alterations in five populations of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as biomonitor for water heavy metal pollution.

Cytological, histopathological and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel analyses were carried out on five populations of common Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) occurring in five sites - River Nile (reference site), Bahr Yusef canal, Ibrahimia canal, Irrigation drain and El Moheet drain of El Minia Province, Egypt - to evaluate the usability of Nile tilapia as a biomonitor for water heavy metal contaminants. Water surface samples were collected from the five sites, and lead (Pb) concentration was shown to surpass the limits defined by WHO. Ni and Cd levels were shown to be elevated in Ibrahimia canal samples. Moreover, the concentration of heavy metals in fish muscles collected from Bahr Yusef canal and El Moheet drain was the highest in comparison with those of the other water sites. Cytological examinations of blood smears showed not only a significant percentage of micronuclei in Irrigation drain population but also a significant percentage of binucleated cells in Ibrahimia canal and El Moheet drain populations. In addition, pathological alteration was observed in blood cells, especially in samples collected from Irrigation drain and El Moheet drain. Histopathological changes were strongly observed in the liver and the kidneys of El Moheet and Irrigation drain population. Moreover, total protein band pattern profiles showed extra bands in both Ibrahimia canal and Irrigation drain more than that recorded for the River Nile population. In conclusion, cyto-histopathological and total protein band pattern results confirmed that O. niloticus responds sensitively to the excess of heavy metals present in the water.

Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in the muscles of ten commercial fish species from Lagos lagoon, NigeriaAssessment of heavy metal concentrations in the muscles of ten commercial fish species from Lagos lagoon, Nigeria

The study was undertaken to assess the concentration of five heavy metals (zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn)) in the muscles of Tilapia zilli, Hydrocynus fiscalis, Parapristipoma humile, Caranx hippo, Cynoglossusa caudatus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Letjanus sp, Portunus validus, Sardinella maderensis, and Sphyreana sp. The concentrations of heavy metals were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion of the samples. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the concentration of heavy metals in fish muscles. There was no specific pattern in the levels of heavy metals among the fish species. P. validus had the highest concentration of Zinc in the fish sampled with a mean value of 14.45mg/g while T. zilli had the lowest concentrations of Zn and Mn. Sphyreana sp had the highest concentrations of Lead and Copper and Manganese in the muscles. Iron concentration was highest in the muscle of S. maderensis. In this study, the overall average concentrations of metals in fish muscles were in the order of Zn> Fe > Pb> Cu> Mn. The values of Zn and Cu were within or lower than the acceptable limits FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization Of the United Nations/World Health Organization) for concentration of heavy metals in fish while levels of Pb, Fe and Mn in the muscles of the various fishes were beyond the safe limit in foods. Close monitoring of heavy metal pollution of Lagos Lagoon is strongly advocated, in view of possible risks to the health of consumers.

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and histopathological changes in muscles of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in the Iraqi rivers

The aim of this study is to evaluate the contamination status of Iraqi rivers in the north of the Tigris river (Tikrit city) and the middle region of Euphrates (Babylon Governorate). In this study As, Zn, Fe, Pb, and Cu in the muscle tissue of carp fish were measured. The results show that the concentration of arsenic in the fish muscles in the middle region was 425.05 ppm higher than its concentration of about 192.25 ppm in fish muscle in the Tigris river with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Which it causes histopathological changes characterized by Zenker necrosis in skeletal muscle and infiltration of inflammatory cells with edema additional to edematous dermatitis. Other heavy metals in fish muscle were less than in fish muscles which agreement with the international legislation limits. Also, there were positive correlation ships between Zn and Pb and between Cu and Zn. While negative correlation has been detected between arsenic and both (Pb) and(Zn). This study is concluded that the accumulation of heavy metals causes histological changes in fish muscle provides an opportunity to assess fish health as well as information on possible health hazards coming from their environment.

Impact of heavy metals on the food web in the Mediterranean lagoon, Lake Burullus, Egypt

Abstract Research on the impact of heavy metals and their accumulation in ecosystem elements of Lake Burullus is still scarce. Therefore, this study focuses on the relationship between the levels of heavy metals in the lake water, plankton communities and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The mean annual concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Cd in water and fish samples were 527.8, 366.7, 162.6, 137.3, 119.8 and 3.6 μg l−1, and 70.8, 43.6, 8.05, 1.2, 0.14 and 0.045 μg g−1 dry weight (d.w.), respectively. The study demonstrated the relationship between the accumulation of metals in fish muscles and their levels in the lake water (p &lt; 0.05; r = 0.7–0.9), with the metal content in O. niloticus muscles being mostly below the permissible limits. The obtained results showed that the levels of the metals in the lake water are not correlated with phytoplankton and zooplankton, and their groups, except copper and zinc, are negatively correlated with phytoplankton (r = −0.45 and −0.58, respectively). The study concluded that the concentrations of the analyzed metals in Lake Burullus did not reach the effective levels that would have a significant impact on the distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton, or a hazardous effect on O. niloticus and its safety for human consumption.

Heavy Metals in Fish Muscle from an Ethiopian Rift-Valley Lake (Hawassa) and a Neighboring Stream (Boicha): Assessment of Human Health Risks

Concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Pb and Hg) in muscle tissues of two fish species (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) in an Ethiopian rift-valley lake (Hawassa) and a neighboring stream (Boicha) were determined. Target hazard quotients (THQ), hazard index (HI) and target cancer risk (TCR) were used as indices to evaluate potential human health risks from fish consumption. Average concentrations of metals decreased in the order Zn&gt;Fe&gt;Se&gt;Cu&gt;Hg&gt;As&gt;Ni&gt;Cr&gt;Co&gt;Pb and Zn&gt;Fe&gt;Se&gt;Cu&gt;As&gt;Hg&gt;Cr&gt;Ni&gt;Pb&gt;Co in muscle tissues of C. gariepinus and O. niloticus, respectively. Mean concentrations of Hg (0.34+0.04 mg kg-1) in muscle tissues of C. gariepinus from Lake Hawassa, and As (0.18+0.05 mg kg-1) as well as Hg (0.46+0.03 mg kg-1) in muscle tissues of C. gariepinus from Boicha stream were above the safety limits set by WHO/FAO. Likewise, mean concentrations of As (0.31+0.03 mg kg-1) and Hg (0.19+0.05 mg kg-1) in muscle tissues of O. niloticus from Lake Hawassa and Cr (0.19+0.03 mg kg-1), As (0.33 +0.04 mg kg-1), and Hg (0.34+0.09 mg kg-1) in O. niloticus from Boicha stream were also above safety limits. From the results of human health risk assessments it was concluded that Cr, Cu, Hg and As pose potential health risks due to consumption of the two fish species from both water bodies. Moreover, effects of all heavy metals put together may affect human health as indicated by the high HI. Effluents from industries are assumed to be the main sources of the heavy metals. Therefore, regular monitoring of the water bodies and policy interventions with respect to waste disposal are recommended to protect the health of the ecosystem and the public. &#x0D; Keywords: Fish consumption, health risk, heavy metals, Lake Hawassa

Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Hybrid Catfish Exposed to Heavy Metals in a Municipal Landfill Reservoir.

This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of Cr, Cd and Pb in the water, sediment and experimental hybrid catfish muscles, and to compare the genetic differentiation and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl) between the catfish from the contaminated reservoir near a municipal landfill and the reference area after chronic exposure. The concentrations of all metals in the water and the concentration of Cd in the sediment exceeded Thailand’s surface water quality and soil quality standards, respectively, whereas the concentrations of these metals in fish muscles did not exceed Thailand’s food quality standards. Dendrogram results in terms of genetic similarity values of the catfish from the reference and the landfill areas were 0.90 to 0.96 and 0.79 to 0.86, respectively, implying that the genetic differentiation of the fish from the landfill was greater than of those from the reference area. The fish in the landfill reservoir had slightly increased protein carbonyl levels. The results indicate that chronic heavy metal exposure can cause genotoxicity of the hybrid catfish and induce protein carbonyl as an oxidative stress biomarker in the reservoir near a municipal landfill.

Heavy metals concentration and target hazard quotients assessment through the consumption of fish muscle Ctenopharyngodon Idella (Cyprinidae) from markets in Ahvaz province, Iran

Purpose Heavy metals constitute one of the most hazardous substances that could be accumulated in biota coming from human activities such as agricultural and industrial wastes. This paper aims to study the levels of some of the most common heavy metals in muscles of the fish caught in the Karun River (Ahvaz, Iran) and to assess the health risks associated with their consumption. Design/methodology/approach In present study, the concentrations of three heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cu) in the muscle of highly consumed fish species Ctenopharyngodon Idella (Cyprinidae) collected from three selected markets (Khoram Kooshk, Ahvaz-e Qadim and Padad Shahr; total number of samples was 45) in Ahvaz city and human health risk associated with their consumption were detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Findings The results indicated that the highest and lowest accumulated metal concentrations were related to Cu (20.36 ± 0.84) and Cd (0.53 ± 0.02), respectively. In addition, the mean difference for Pb and Cu across two pairwise of sampling sites were significant (Ahvaz-e Qadim and Khoram Kooshk, P for Pb = 0.025, P for Cu = 0.033; Ahvaz-e Qadim and Padad Shahr, p for Pb = 0.018, p for Cu = 0.039). The estimated daily intake of all metals in muscles of fish in this study were below the legal limit, and mean differences were not statistically significant among the sampling sites, except for Cu (Ahvaz-e Qadim and Khoram Kooshk, p = 0.048; Ahvaz-e Qadim and Padad Shahr, p = 0.041). Target hazard quotient values were also all below 1. Originality/value It can be concluded that the fishes from Ahvaz city markets are comparatively clean and do not constitute a risk for human health.

Sex-differences in physiological and oxidative stress responses and heavy metals burden in the black jaw tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron from a tropical freshwater dam (Nigeria)

Black jaw tilapia (S. melanotheron) collected from Awba Dam (a watershed recipient of effluents from anthropogenic sources) was analysed for biological responses and trace metal burden with the aim of evaluating sex differences in these responses as a measure of environmental and biota health status. Concentration of heavy metals in fish muscle were analysed and showed values above WHO permissible limits for food. Physiological and biochemical responses (AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, albumin, globulin, BUN, Na+, K+ and creatinine) showed apparent sex-related differences. Among antioxidant defence system, mt mRNA and proteins showed higher levels in male S. melanotheron. CAT and GPx activities were significantly higher in males than in female fish, while the corresponding mRNA showed an opposite trend with higher transcripts in females than males. Further, while GST activity was apparently higher in females, GR activity was significantly higher in males, compared to female fish. ZnCu-sod mRNA showed significantly higher transcript levels in males, than females. Overall, the trend in these biological responses showed direct relationship with heavy metal concentrations in fish muscle and sediment. These relationships were revealed using PCA that produced significant groupings between physiological, biochemical and oxidative stress variables and muscle/sediment trace element burden. Specifically, the PCA biplots showed that these biological variables were due to the presence of the heavy metals in the dam. Therefore, the sex differences in the measured cellular adaptations of S. melanotheron in relation to the toxic conditions at the dam may have significant consequences on osmotic balance and cellular processes that regulate biochemical/antioxidant responses towards metabolism, behaviour, growth, reproduction and survival of Awba dam resident fish species. Thus, these responses should be compared to a suitable reference site to discern the extent of effects of the Awba Dam biota for monitoring purposes.

Different Digestion Methods for Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish Muscles and Gills by FAAS

Different Digestion Methods for Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish Muscles and Gills by FAAS

Impact assessment of some heavy metals on tilapia fish, Oreochromis niloticus, in Burullus Lake, Egypt

BackgroundBurullus Lake has received a great attention because of its environmental and economic importance for being a significant source of fish production in Egypt. It is subjected to many of environmental changes due to the huge amount of discharges originated from different sources as well as many human activities. The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an abundant sedentary fish present in the most Egyptian lakes, Nile River, and ponds. The study was designed to evaluate some metal pollution in Burullus Lake.ResultsThe values of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Pb) were measured in lake water and muscles of O. niloticus fish during winter and summer 2014. Water samples were collected from six sampling sites, while fish samples were collected from the three sectors (eastern, middle, and western) of the lake. The mean values of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Pb) in surface water of Burullus Lake during winter and summer for the year 2014 were 1.09, 10.50, 29.38, 6.87, 2.05, and 5.98 μg/L, respectively, whereas the annual means of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Pb) in the muscles of O. niloticus fish were 0.68, 4.70, 10.62, 0.52, 0.39, and 0.46 μg/g wet wt., respectively.ConclusionsIn lake water, Mn was the lowest concentration of the six sampling sites, while Fe was the highest concentration, whereas in fish muscles, Cu recorded the lowest concentration of the three sectors, while Fe was the highest concentration. The southern part of Burullus Lake had the highest heavy metal values as it influenced by the discharge of massive amounts of domestic sewage as well as agricultural and industrial effluents. The accumulation of heavy metals in fish muscles of the three sectors showed different patterns. Generally, the values of metals in the fish muscles were accepted by the international legislation limits and are safe for human consumption.

IMPACT OF HEAVY METALS POLLUTION ON HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN KIDNEY AND LIVER OF NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS( INHABITING EL-RAHAWY DRAIN

This study was performed to evaluate agricultural and industrial wastes water with respect to the potentially some toxic metals on histopathological alterations in kidney and liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from El-Rahawy drain at different seasons. Samples of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected seasonally (12 fish / season) from each site. Fish total length and total weight were from 13.5 to 26.1 cm and from 50 to 315 g, respectively The present results indicated that, the heavy metals due to pollution, increased in tissue of fish caught from the drain. The distribution of heavy metals (Iron , Manganese , zinc , lead and copper) concentrations in water were estimated during four successive seasons were found to be , Fe (0.680 , 0.626 , 0.380 , 0.395 mg /L ) , Mn (0.214 , 0.173 , 0.112 , 0.214 mg /L) , Zn (0.138 , 0.120 , 0.107 , 0.108 ) , Pb ( 0.041 , 0.054 , 0.050 , 0.049 mg /L ) and Cu (0.006 , 0.010 , 0.009 , 0.007 mg /L ), respectively. It was found that, the heavy metals were accumulated in the studied fish muscle by various levels. The concen tration of the tested metals in fish muscle of (edible parts) followed a sequence of Fe > Zn > Mn>Cu> Pb. Also, the results showed that, elevation in studied heavy metals concentrations caused histological alterations in collected fish. These alterations including: hemorhage, degeneration, hemosiderin and oedema in hematopiotic tissue, also observed necrosis in renal tubule and glomerulus of the kidney while showed marked histopathological changes in the liver of studied fish revealed hemolysis and hemosiderin in blood vessel. It was concluded that, agricultural, industrial and domestic wastes histopathological alterations were observed in the kidney and liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) collected from El-Rahawy drain.

Bioaccumulation of nine heavy metals in some tissues of Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822) in the Arabian Sea coasts of Pakistan

Concentrations of heavy metals Cd, Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr and Mn in muscles, liver, kidney&#x0D; and gills of marine and native commercial fish of Chacunda gizzard shad Anodontostoma chacunda&#x0D; collected from Karachi fish harbour were determined to conduct a health risk assessment for people&#x0D; by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The obtained results were expressed mg/kg dry&#x0D; weight. Results showed that Fe and Zn concentrations were the most abundant among all tissues&#x0D; whereas Cd and Pb levels were the lowest. The data obtained in this study were compared with the&#x0D; international maximum permissible values. The estimated values of all metals in muscles of fish in&#x0D; this study were below the permissible limits. Generally, risk values for the measured metals do not&#x0D; pose unacceptable risks at mean ingestion rate for edible tissues. It can be concluded that the heavy&#x0D; metal levels in edible parts of A. chacunda have no hazards for consumers