Metallic Ones Research Articles

Geodynamic aspects of the metallogeny-magmatic zonality relationship of orogenic volcanic-plutonic belts

Research subject. The orogenic marginal-continental and collisional volcanic-plutonic belts, and the zonality of magmatism and metallogeny within them, as well as the relationship of endogenous metallogeny with magmatic zonality and geodynamics of belt formation.Materials and methods include the long-term studies of the Devonian and Upper-Paleozoic belts of Kazakhstan and the Cretaceous-Paleogenic belt of Sikhote-Alin; an analysis of the alterations in the material parameters of magmatites; the identification of the front and rear parts of the belts and the arrangement features of metallogenic zones within their limits; and the data on other belts of the world.Results. For the marginal continental belts, an asymmetric change of the tholeiitic and low-potassium magmatites of the calcareous-alkaline petrochemical series of the frontal zone of the belt into the magmatites of the high-potassium branch of the calcareous-alkaline and shoshonite series of the rear zone (Devonian and Upper Paleozoic belts of Kazakhstan) has been established. In the same direction, the elemental, as well as the genetic type of deposits changes: pyrite copper-polymetallic frontal zones are replaced by molybdenum-copper-porphyry rear zones (near the border with the frontal zone) and then by rare metal ones. This is also characteristic of the Andean and Okhotsk-Chukchi belts. The collision belts are characterised by symmetrical zonality with a change from rare metal deposits in the centre to copper-polymetallic deposits at the edges (Mongolia). In some cases (Sikhote-Alin and Japan), the continuity of the marginal-continental belt is disrupted as a result of the mantle diapir (or plume), symmetrical magmatic and metallogenic zonality occurs with the change of polymetallic manifestations (near the ocean–continent boundary) to rare-metal ones in the distance. Conclusions. The change in the material parameters of the magmatites of the marginal-continental belts correlates with the removal of their ranges from the ocean–continent transition zone to the interior of the latter. In this case, copper-polymetallic pyrite ore formations are replaced by copperporphyry and then by rare metal ones in this direction. This is due to subduction processes. The collision situation is characterised by a symmetrical zonality of material magmatic parameters with respect to the crowding zone and a symmetrical arrangement of metallogenic zones with a change of rare metal deposits in the crowding zone to copper and polymetallic along the frame. These data are important for metallogenic prediction, as well as for palaeotectonic reconstructions.

White Spot Lesions (WSLs)-Post-Orthodontic Occurrence, Management and Treatment Alternatives: A Narrative Review.

Although treatment with fixed or mobile appliances has become an important part of modern orthodontics, side effects such as white spot lesions (WSLs) have a negative impact on the aesthetic outcome of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this article was to review current evidence on the diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, management and post-orthodontic treatment of these lesions. Data collection was performed electronically, and the initial search using the keywords "white spot lesions", "orthodontics", "WSL", "enamel" and "demineralization" in different combinations resulted in 1032 articles for the two electronic databases used. Ultimately, a total of 47 manuscripts were considered relevant to the aim of this research and included in this review. The results of the review indicate that WSLs remain a significant problem during orthodontic treatment. According to studies in the literature, the severity of WSLs correlates to the duration of treatment. Using toothpaste with more than 1000 ppm fluoride at home reduces the frequency of WSL separation and regular application of varnishes in the office reduces the frequency of the occurrence of WSLs only in the context of maintaining a strict hygiene regime. The old hypothesis that elastomeric ligatures retain more dental plaque than metal ones has been refuted. There are no differences in the appearance of WSLs between conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets. Clear aligner mobile devices develop fewer WSLs but are more extensive as opposed to conventional fixed devices, while lingual orthodontic appliances have a lower incidence of WSLs, and the most effective device for preventing these lesions is WIN, followed by Incognito.

Surface plasmon-enhanced dark-field microsphere-assisted microscopy.

We present for the first time a surface plasmon-enhanced dark-field microsphere-assisted microscopy in imaging both low-contrast dielectric objects and metallic ones. We demonstrate, using an Al patch array as the substrate, the resolution and contrast in imaging low-contrast dielectric objects are improved compared to that of the metal plate substrate and a glass slide in dark-field microscopy (DFM). 365-nm-diameter hexagonally arranged SiO nanodots assembled on the three substrates can be resolved, with the contrast varied from 0.23 to 0.96, and the 300-nm-diameter hexagonally close-packed polystyrene nanoparticles can only be discerned on the Al patch array substrate. The resolution can be further improved by using the dark-field microsphere-assisted microscopy, and an Al nanodot array with a nanodot diameter of ∼65 nm and a center-to-center spacing of 125 nm can be just resolved, which cannot be distinguished in a conventional DFM. The focusing effect of the microsphere, as well as the excitation of the surface plasmons, provides evanescent illumination with enhanced local electric field (E-field) on an object. The enhanced local E-field acts as a near-field excitation source to enhance the scattering of the object, resulting in the improvement of imaging resolution.

Semiconductor SERS on Colourful Substrates with Fabry-Pérot Cavities.

Non-metallic materials have emerged as a new family of active substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), with unique advantages over their metal counterparts. However, owing to their inefficient interaction with the incident wavelength, the Raman enhancement achieved with non-metallic materials is considerably lower with respect to the metallic ones. Herein, we propose colourful semiconductor-based SERS substrates for the first time by utilizing a Fabry-Pérot cavity, which realize a large freedom in manipulating light. Owing to the delicate adjustment of the absorption in terms of both frequency and intensity, resonant absorption can be achieved with a variety of non-metal SERS substrates, with the sensitivity further enhanced by ≈100 times. As a typical example, by introducing a Fabry-Pérot-type substrate fabricated with SiO2 /Si, a rather low detection limit of 10-16 M for the SARS-CoV-2S protein is achieved on SnS2 . This study provides a realistic strategy for increasing SERS sensitivity when semiconductors are employed as SERS substrates.

Semiconductor SERS on Colourful Substrates with Fabry‐Pérot Cavities

AbstractNon‐metallic materials have emerged as a new family of active substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), with unique advantages over their metal counterparts. However, owing to their inefficient interaction with the incident wavelength, the Raman enhancement achieved with non‐metallic materials is considerably lower with respect to the metallic ones. Herein, we propose colourful semiconductor‐based SERS substrates for the first time by utilizing a Fabry‐Pérot cavity, which realize a large freedom in manipulating light. Owing to the delicate adjustment of the absorption in terms of both frequency and intensity, resonant absorption can be achieved with a variety of non‐metal SERS substrates, with the sensitivity further enhanced by ≈100 times. As a typical example, by introducing a Fabry‐Pérot‐type substrate fabricated with SiO2/Si, a rather low detection limit of 10−16 M for the SARS‐CoV‐2S protein is achieved on SnS2. This study provides a realistic strategy for increasing SERS sensitivity when semiconductors are employed as SERS substrates.

Direct-spun CNT textiles for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding in an ultra-wide bandwidth

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by electronic devices is disruptive to surrounding electronic components and deemed harmful to human beings. As high-speed, miniaturized mobile devices become ubiquitous, developing lightweight, thin, and flexible electromagnetic shielding materials (ESMs) to replace the common metallic ones is of utmost importance. Here we report the development of a high-efficiency standalone ESM made of a self-standing CNT mat (CNTM). This textile is electrically conductive (∼50 × 103 S m−1) and can be post-treated by chemical oxidation or thin copper metalization, increasing the conductivity by ∼10 and ∼1000 times, respectively. CNTMs were tested for shielding effectiveness (SE) in an ultra-wide bandwidth of 30 kHz–70 GHz. Maximal SE of >120 dB was measured for a 30 g m−2 CNTM (<100 μm thickness) at 70 GHz. SE normalized by thickness (SE/t) reached a value of >20,000 dB cm−1 for an HCl-oxidized CNTM. Both SE values are the highest values for non-metal-based ESMs. The CNTMs' experimental EMI shielding behavior corresponds to Schelkunoff's theory which confirms that the CNTM SE is dominated by conductivity-dependent reflection at lower frequencies (<1 GHz) and thickness-dependent absorption at higher frequencies. CNTMs (20 g m−2) were utilized as EMI gaskets and in composite EMI enclosures, tested at 10–50 GHz and 50 MHz-90 GHz, respectively. EMI CNT gaskets reached an SE of 120.9 dB at 50 GHz, surpassing the performance of high-end commercial gaskets (600 g m−2). EMI composite boxes laminated with CNTMs reached an SE of 119.9 dB at 90 GHz, outperforming the non-CNT laminated reference.

Optimization of number of gates in plastic cladding tool with the help of mold flow analysis

The present automobile industry has seen a meteoric rise in the use of plastic. In the automobile sector, this trend toward more complicated parts as a replacement for heavier metal ones began relatively recently and has contributed to a general trend toward lighter vehicles. For the purpose of this research, Mold Flow Analysis (MFA) is employed to determine the optimal configuration of gates in a plastic cladding component. To lessen the warpage of the plastic cladding portion and maximize the fill rate, a CAD/Mold flow study is performed. The cladding plastic portion is analysed using a mould flow analysis, taking into account an 8 and 6 drop gating system. The 8-drop gatting system exhibits more warpage in the MFA compared to the 6-drop getting technique. The mound is made using a 6-drop gating method, and the part is produced using the same system. Using a dedicated part inspection apparatus, it is ensured that the produced component's quality is up to pace with the specifications specified in the drawing. Physical verification of the part's design is also performed to ensure it satisfies all design and validation standards.

Mineralogy and geochemistry of platinum-group elements in the zoned mafic-ultramafic intrusions of the Uralian Platinum belt, Russia

Three styles of platinum-group element mineralization occur within the Ural-Alaskan type complexes of the Uralian Platinum belt: chromite-platinum, noble metal, and noble metal-copper ones. They are associated with dunite and chromitite (chromite-platinum), pyroxenite (noble metal) and gabbro (noble metal-copper). Three common platinum group element distribution patterns are observed for dunite and chromitite: (1) M-shaped (defined by positive Ir and Pt anomalies); (2) with positive Ir-Rh(Pt) anomalies; and (3) W-shaped with positive Os and Pt, or Os and Rh anomalies. In contrast, pyroxenite and gabbro are enriched in Pd and Au. The PGM assemblages correlate to the PGE + Au distribution patterns as exemplified by the predominance of Ir-rich Pt-Fe alloys within dunite and chromitite. The noble metal assemblages of pyroxenite and gabbro comprise tellurides, arsenides, and various Pd minerals, as well as native gold and Au-Ag alloy. An indicative Pd/Ir ratio in a succession dunite-chromitite-gabbro increases from 0.04 to 148 with a maximum value of ~5000 in massive sulfide ore of the Volkovsky that is attributable to the contrasting magma compositions defining chromite vs sulfide controls over PGE concentration.

Insight into the effect of fracture surfaces in graphdiyne on the anode performance for lithium ion batteries.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising anode materials for the next generation of lithium ion batteries. While the Li storage and kinetics at the surface and intercalation sites of 2D materials are widely explored, the effects of the fracture surfaces (FSs) are rarely considered despite the fact that there are numerous FSs in real 2D materials. Herein, we investigate how the FSs in graphdiyne (GDY) affect the anode performance based on first-principles calculations. Results show that both the internal and external FSs have much lower binding energies to Li atoms than perfect GDY, meaning FSs are more active in storing Li atoms. Then, the diffusion barriers of Li atoms on the internal and external FSs are only 0.42 and 0.47 eV, respectively, close to the 0.315 eV of surface sites and lower than the 0.638 eV of intercalation sites, indicating a good kinetics of Li atoms. In addition, due to the new electronic states from the C atoms with dangling bonds, the FSs convert the semiconductor characteristics of perfect GDY to metallic ones, which is helpful to the electronic conductivity. Our work demonstrates that the FSs in 2D materials are beneficial to the anode performance, which may enlighten the design of anode materials.

The efficiency of using ductile iron water pipes in soft soil

At the present stage of reforming the housing and public services, toughening the requirements for the life and reliability of pipelines of the municipal life support systems, the issues of developing the requirements for choosing the material and type of pipes in relation to specific operating conditions of urban water supply systems become very relevant. The reliability and safety of the public water supply have been the main requirements applicable to these systems as the most important components of public health and one of the main priorities of the state social policy [1,2]. Of great importance in providing for the reliability of water pipelines is the expert choice of the pipe material. The paper states that for many years the main pipe materials used in the public water supply of Russian cities have been steel and cast iron. In recent years, ductile iron pipes widely used abroad and in Russia, in particular in the Moscow water supply system, have been competing with steel pipes (among metal ones). The paper presents the information on the condition of the water pipelines in the Russian cities, on the characteristics of ductile iron pipes and their use in soft and subsiding soils.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ МЕСТА ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯ В СЕТЯХ 6 КВ ПРИ ЗАМЫКАНИЯХ ЧЕРЕЗ ПЕРЕХОДНОЕ СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЕ

. During the operation of electrical networks, emergency modes often occur. It is necessary to determine the type and location of damage (LD) as soon as possible. Since a simple line leads to undersupply of electricity. 6 kV networks with isolated neutral are considered. In these networks, it is difficult to determine the location of the damage due to the isolated neutral. Short circuits can be metallic and through contact resistance. Metallic ones have been studied earlier, and through contact resistance are investigated in this article. In this case, it is more difficult to determine the LD. The LD was carried out using the empirical criteria developed in the work, depending on the phase voltages and currents. In this case, three options for placing measuring instruments at the beginning, at the end and simultaneously at the beginning and at the end of the line with measurement errors of ± 0.2 %, ± 2.5 % and ± 5 % were considered. The formula of each criterion contains increasing voltages and currents in the numerator, and decreasing in the denominator as the LD moves along the length of the line. Studies have shown that the smallest error is achieved with two-sided measurement (at the beginning and at the end of the line) and is: 0.27 % with a measurement error of ± 0.2 %; 5.22 % at ± 2.5 % and 10.42 % at ± 5 %. Such accuracy with transient resistance is sufficient.

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy: A robust technique for the detection of trace metals in water

Modernization and industrialization have resulted in the addition of significant micropollutants in the form of trace metals in the environment. Large amounts of wastewater containing traces of various metals are generated due to industrial output and pesticide usage, which can pollute surface as well as groundwater. Many metallic components, especially the heavy metal ones, are abundant, poisonous, difficult to degrade, and even their low concentrations can be toxic to natural health. Hence, it is essential to detect and remove these hazardous species in order to prevent water pollution. Traditional methods for detecting these metals in water such as inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are expensive, tedious, and these methods even cause secondary pollution. In contrast, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a quick and simple analytical technique for obtaining elemental information from materials without damaging them. LIBS can be applied to all types of samples, including solids, liquids, or gases. Although the collection of the signal for solid samples is easy, there are certain disadvantages or challenges associated with the analysis of liquid samples using LIBS. In this regard, there is a need toimprove the LIBS set-upto address the problems associated with LIBS in liquid. The present paper provides an insight into the various experimental methodologies and highlights the advantages of LIBS over other conventional techniques for the detection of trace heavy elements in water. This study will go a long way in establishing LIBS as a very convenient and reliable technique for the monitoring of trace elements in wastewater as well as drinking water, especially in the Indian context.

Comparison of Probe Materials for Tissue Cryoablation: Operational Properties of Metal and Sapphire Cryoprobes

Typical probes that are used for cryosurgical applications are manufactured from metals, since such materials as copper and brass feature high thermal conductivity at low temperatures and enable rapid growth of an ice ball in living tissues. Due to a favorable combination of properties, sapphire could be also widely used for tissue cryoablation. In this paper, a sapphire probe is experimentally compared with metal ones. Using a gel-based biotissue phantom, an ice ball volume and phantom temperatures in control points are analyzed for the considered probe materials aimed at revealing the advantages of using sapphire for cryosurgery. Next, the impact of probe-tissue contact on the sample and probe surface is studied. The experimental results and qualitative comparison of the considered cryoprobes demonstrate the abilities of the sapphire one for faster tissue freezing, reaching lower temperatures and featuring less damage of its contact surface and adjacent tissues, justifying a potential of sapphire as a material for tissue cryosurgery .

Substitution of metal ion mordant with biomordants: Effect on color and fastness of reseda dyed on wool yarns

The environmental production of handmade carpets considering the application of natural materials; fibers, dyes, and mordants helps us benefit from the advantages of using renewable sources of raw materials. Metal salts are frequently employed as mordants to improve the fastness qualities. This article aims to investigate the yellow appearance of handmade carpets achieved by applying biomordants instead of metallic ones through spectral and colorimetric analysis. This method involved using reseda as a natural dye, yellow and black myrobalan as biomordants, and alum as a metallic mordant. After pre-mordanting and dyeing of the wool yarns, the achieved colors, color strengths, and key fastness properties were compared. The findings showed that using biomordants leads to appropriate color strengths and fastness qualities in addition to expanding the color gamut. Gratefully, the outcomes of current research guarantee to achieve the yellow appearance in Iranian handmade carpets through totally the novel eco-friendly procedure.

Optical Conductivity as a Probe of the Interaction-Driven Metal in Rhombohedral Trilayer Graphene

Study of the strongly correlated states in van der Waals heterostructures is one of the central topics in modern condensed matter physics. Among these, the rhombohedral trilayer graphene (RTG) occupies a prominent place since it hosts a variety of interaction-driven phases, with the metallic ones yielding exotic superconducting orders upon doping. Motivated by these experimental findings, we show within the framework of the low-energy Dirac theory that the optical conductivity can distinguish different candidates for a paramagnetic metallic ground state in this system. In particular, this observable shows a single peak in the fully gapped valence-bond state. On the other hand, the bond-current state features two pronounced peaks in the optical conductivity as the probing frequency increases. Finally, the rotational symmetry breaking charge-density wave exhibits a minimal conductivity with the value independent of the amplitude of the order parameter, which corresponds precisely to the splitting of the two cubic nodal points at the two valleys into two triplets of the band touching points featuring linearly dispersing quasiparticles. These features represent the smoking gun signatures of different candidate order parameters for the paramagnetic metallic ground state, which should motivate further experimental studies of the RTG.

Enhancing efficiency of solvent-free oxidation of aromatic alcohols with atmospheric oxygen by POSS-based cationic polymer backbone paired heteropolyanions

Oxidation is among the most crucial reactions for the production of chemicals and many noble metals are the efficient active centers. The catalysts derived from non-noble metal species are preferred thanks the low cost and earth abundance but suffered from inferior efficiency to noble metal ones. Herein, we demonstrated an unusual effective non-noble metal heterogeneous catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of aromatic aldehydes from selective O2-mediated oxidation of alcoholic compounds. The target catalyst was prepared by the copolymerization of divinylimidazole dibromide and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, followed by loading phosphomolybdenum anions via ion exchange. The catalyst gave high yields of up to 93% towards aldehydes, stable reusability, and extendable substrate scope in transforming aromatic alcohols without any solvent. The high performance comes from the abundant low valence Mo species derived from the strong cation-anion interaction, which promoted the O2 activation to give superoxides (•O2−) as the reactive oxygen species.

Nanoparticles application on fuel production from biological resources: A review

Over the last decades, global warming has been one of humankind's most critical environmental problems. Burning fossil fuels has been counted as a primary source of CO2 production, leading to global warming. Therefore, it is urged to replace fossil fuels with other green fuels such as bio-based ones, including biohydrogen, bioethanol, etc. To achieve this goal, the biofuels' production should be accelerated with higher performance and greener methods. The fast development of nanotechnology provides practical tools to use this fascinating technology in different applications, including biofuel production. Using different types of nanoparticles, especially the metallic ones, to produce various kinds of biofuels such as biodiesel, biohydrogen, biogas, and bioethanol can improve production performance and efficiency. The present review focused on the most critical improvement during the last decade about the using different nanoparticles and nanomaterials to enhance the efficiency of biofuel production, including biodiesel, biohydrogen, and biogasses.

Ultrathin metal-mesh Janus membranes with nanostructure-enhanced hydrophobicity for high-efficiency fog harvesting

Fog harvesting has been reckoned to be one of the most facile and economical approaches to alleviating the ever-increasing global water scarcity . Janus membranes, especially metallic ones, outperform other fog collectors in terms of fog harvesting efficiencies , and they are the selection for sustainable water production as passive devices. However, there is a lack of metallic Janus membranes with ultrasmall feature sizes due to the limitation of the laser ablation fabrication method , which restrains parameter optimization for highly efficient fog collectors. In this work, photolithography , electroplating , and nanoimprint lithography processes are employed to enable ultrasmall membrane thickness and nanopatterning on the membrane surface . A 4-μm-thick ultrathin hierarchical metal-mesh Janus membrane with a pitch of 60 μm is fabricated, which achieves a record-high water collection rate of 233 mg cm −2 ·min −1 with nanostructure-enhanced hydrophobicity . The morphology of the membrane is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, while the fog collection process is observed under a high-speed camera and a microscope. Experimental measurement and finite-element numerical modeling unveil that a smaller membrane thickness and a more hydrophobic water-collecting surface contribute to higher water collection rates by accelerating water transport and reducing water re-evaporation. • Photolithography and electroplating replace laser ablation for metallic JM fabrication. • Metallic JMs with unprecedented thickness down to 4 μm are fabricated. • Nanopatterning on JMs changes surface wettability and boosts WCR. • A record-high WCR of 233 mg cm −2 ·min −1 is achieved.

Compliance of Fasteners in Metal-Composite Joints

The greatest difficulties in creating a new structure or upgrading an old one are associated with designing joints and connecting parts of the structure, especially composite and metal ones. Nowadays, the problem of designing and improving such joints is timely and is being actively studied so that the best solutions are found. The article presents the research carried out to determine the main parameters of elements of mechanical joints made of polymer composite materials, as factors affecting the requirements for precision of connection compliance estimation. There has been found the influence of the number of fastener rows on estimating the maximum forces which act in the joint, as well as the influence of the ratio of the connection compliance to the compliance of the part. A field of possible states of the joint has been built. Within the field, the following areas have been identified: the area of high sensitivity to precision of estimating the parameters of the joint elements, requiring experimental confirmation and more accurate models; the area of average sensitivity of the joint to precision of estimating the parameters of its elements, permitting the use of known dependences; and the area of low sensitivity, where simplified models can be used. In the course of the developed model testing, joint samples were tested to evaluate the force connection compliance, and a reference variant was calculated using the Douglas formula. The reference variant of the joint sample was chosen based on the principle of equal compliances of the parts to be joined, presented by a series of samples assembled from a composite package of 80 layers and two surface layers made of 3.98 mm-thick steel. The parts were connected with steel bolts with a diameter of 6 and 8 mm. Numerically, the ratio of the connection compliance to the part compliance is 85...96 for the experimental data, and 9...10 for the calculated data. This indicated that the joint was in the transition area between high and medium sensitivity of the joint to the accuracy of compliance estimation, which requires continuous refinement of the connection parameters.

БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ВОЗДУШНЫХ РЕЗЕРВУАРОВ ТОРМОЗНОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ

The study objective is to substantiate the possibility of using products made of composite materials instead of metals in the automotive industry, in particular, for air tanks of the braking system of KAMAZ vehicles.&#x0D; The problem to which the paper is devoted is to provide the possibility of replacing metal products of the car braking system with products made of composite materials, for example, for air tanks.&#x0D; Research methods. A mathematical model of the loading conditions of heated cylindrical shells of vessels made of composite materials under axial loading is substantiated, the basics of some issues to use cylindrical shells in the problems of dynamic deformation of shell structural elements are justified.&#x0D; The novelty of the work. For the first time in the automotive industry, the possibility is theoretically and experimentally substantiated to replace metal products with products made of composite materials, which in terms of their technical characteristics, weight, temperature and strength are not inferior or superior to metal ones, in particular, ensuring corrosion resistance, tightness and safety.&#x0D; The results of the study. As a result, it was found that after removing the load and cooling down, the walls of the shells remain in the same position which they occupied at the time of buckling, and the surface disintegration in the area of the wave crests was not detected. However, upon visual inspection of the cross-sections of the shells, wall delamination is observed, with increasing temperature, the value of the critical load decreases and tends to zero at a certain limit temperature.&#x0D; Conclusions: The studies conducted allow to conclude that in terms of weight, temperature and strength characteristics, composite materials are not inferior and even superior to metal ones in ensuring corrosion resistance, tightness and safety of operation. In the automotive industry, products made of composite materials can improve the reliability and safety of vehicle systems, including braking, reduce accident rates for transport processes, reduce injuries and death of people.