Metal-organic Frameworks Particles Research Articles

Anodic electrodeposition of continuous metal-organic framework films with robust adhesion by pre-anchored strategy

Anodic electrodeposition of metal-organic framework (MOF) films is driven by the anodic dissolution of a metal substrate. However, the anodic dissolution of the substrate weakens the MOF-substrate adhesion and leads to the detachment of the MOF films, limiting the thickness of the MOF films that can be deposited with this technique. In this work, we propose a strategy to improve the adhesion of MOF films by pre-depositing MOF particles into the substrate as “anchors”. This strategy makes it possible to grow much thicker MOF films by anodic deposition (≥40 μm). Nano-scratch tests show that the MOF films on the substrate with embedded MOF particles have a much higher adhesion strength than those prepared on the non-modified substrates. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) experiments indicate that the pre-embedded MOF particles can directly grow during the anodic deposition process, which accounts for the high MOF-substrate adhesion strength. Due to the applicability of the co-deposition of metal and MOF particles, this strategy may expand to the growth of a range of MOF films on different conductive substrates.

Covalent connections between metal-organic frameworks and polymers including covalent organic frameworks.

Hybrid composite materials combining metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and polymers have emerged as a versatile platform for a broad range of applications. The crystalline, porous nature of MOFs and the flexibility and processability of polymers are synergistically integrated in MOF-polymer composite materials. Covalent bonds, which form between two distinct materials, have been extensively studied as a means of creating strong molecular connections to facilitate the dispersion of "hard" MOF particles in "soft" polymers. Numerous organic transformations have been applied to post-synthetically connect MOFs with polymeric species, resulting in a variety of covalently connected MOF-polymer systems with unique properties that are dependent on the characteristics of the MOFs, polymers, and connection modes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the development and strategies involved in preparing covalently connected MOFs and polymers, including recently developed MOF-covalent organic framework composites. The covalent bonds, grafting strategies, types of MOFs, and polymer backbones are summarized and categorized, along with their respective applications. We highlight how this knowledge can serve as a basis for preparing macromolecular composites with advanced functionality.

Use of 1D [Pr(BTC)(H2O)6] MOF as a Filler for Fabrication of Matrimidand#174; based MMMs

Selection of good filler-polymer pair results in improved gas separation performances. Present study deals with fabrication of Matrimid based hybrid or mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) by using three weight loadings (10, 20 and 30 wt. %) of 1D rod shaped nanoporous [Pr(BTC)(H2O)6] metal organic framework (MOF). The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometric analysis indicated the bonding of lanthanide metal ion with the linker and thus formation of the MOF, and further revealed that the structure of MOF remained intact after incorporation into the polymer matrix. Powder X-ray (PXRD) analysis revealed purity and crystallinity of the MOF while the PXRD results for the MMMs indicated that crystallinity of the MOF remained unaffected after fabrication of the MMMs. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results gave an indication of the formation of the MOF in same morphology as it is previously reported. Additionally, nice distribution and well adherence of the additive particles throughout the polymer matrix was observed while the interfacial voids were visibly absent. The MOF and the MMMs were thermally stable and crystallinity of MOF particles remained intact after dispersion into polymer matrix. The Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area of the MOF was also obtained that indicated its permanent porosity. The prepared MMMs were flexible enough to handle for all analysis. These findings led to conclude that a proper polymer-filler pair was made that produced defect free MMMs. The prepared MMMs can be evaluated in future for their performance towards separation of different gases after modification of the pore of the filler

Particle size optimization of metal-organic frameworks for superior capacitive deionization in oxygenated saline water.

Pyrolysis-free metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with optimized particle sizes were used as capacitive deionization (CDI) materials in oxygenated saline water. Upon decreasing the particle size of the MOFs, excellent cycling stability and higher CDI performance were achieved. This was possibly due to the improvement in charge transfer and electrolyte permeation, uncovering the significance of particle size control in improving CDI performance.

Self-assembly of colloidal metal-organic framework (MOF) particles.

Self-assembly of colloidal particles into ordered superstructures enables the development of novel advanced materials for diverse applications such as photonics, electronics, sensing, energy conversion, energy storage, diagnosis, drug or gene delivery, and catalysis. Recently, polyhedral metal-organic framework (MOF) particles have been proposed as promising colloidal particles to form ordered superstructures, based on their colloidal stability, size-tunability, rich polyhedral shapes, porosity and multifunctionality. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of strategies for the self-assembly of colloidal MOF particles into ordered superstructures of different dimensionalities, highlighting some of their properties and applications, and sharing thoughts on the self-assembly of MOF particles.

Preparation of metal-organic framework combined with Portulaca oleracea L. extract electrostatically spun nanofiber membranes delayed release wound dressing.

In this study, we prepared a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofiber membrane comprising Portulaca oleracea L. extract (POE) and a zinc-based metal-organic framework (MOF) by an in situ growth method as a potentially new type of wound dressing with a slow drug-release effect, to solve the problem of the burst release of drugs in wound dressings. The effects of the MOF and POE doping on the nanofiber membranes were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR spectroscopy. SEM analysis revealed the dense and uniform attachment of MOF particles to the surface of the nanofiber membrane, while FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the successful fusion of MOF and POE. Furthermore, investigations into the water contact angle and swelling property demonstrated that the incorporation of the MOF and POE enhanced the hydrophilicity of the material. The results of the in vitro release test showed that the cumulative release rate for PAN/MOF/POE60 decreased from 66.5 ± 2.34% to 32.18 ± 1.31% in the initial 4 h and from 90.54 ± 0.79% to 65.92 ± 1.95% in 72 h compared to PAN/POE, indicating a slowing down of the drug release. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of the fiber membranes were evaluated by the disc diffusion method, and it was evident that the PAN/MOF/POE nanofibers exhibited strong inhibition against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The antioxidant properties of the nanofiber membranes loaded with POE were further validated through the DPPH radical scavenging test. These findings highlight the potential application of the developed nanofiber membranes in wound dressings, offering controlled and sustained drug-release capabilities.

Hofmann Ni-Pz-Ni Metal–Organic Frameworks Decorated by Graphene Oxide Enabling Lithium Storage with Pseudocapacitance Contribution

Hofmann metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a variety of hybrid inorganic-organic polymers with a stable framework, plentiful adjustable pore size, and redox active sites, which display great application potential in energy storage. Unfortunately, the rapid and uncontrollable rate of coordination reaction results in a large size and an anomalous morphology, and the low electrical conductivity also severely limited further development, so there are few literature studies on Hofmann MOFs as anode materials for rechargeable batteries. Introducing graphene oxide can not only greatly facilitate the formation of a continuous conductive network but also effectively anchor and disperse MOF particles by utilizing the two-dimensional planar structure, thus reducing the sizes and agglomeration of particles. In this work, various mass ratios of graphene oxide with 3D Hofmann Ni-Pz-Ni MOFs were prepared via a simple one-pot solvothermal method. Benefiting from the gradually increasing capacitance characteristic during the continuous charge/discharge process, the Ni-Pz-Ni/GO-20% electrode exhibits a great reversible capacity of 896.1 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles and excellent rate capability, which will lay a theoretical foundation for exploring the high-performance Hofmann MOFs in the future.

Fe/Zr-MOFs constructed by a sunlight-responsive ligand for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under ambient condition

Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation opens new opportunities for sustainable and healthier futures, and developing effective and inexpensive photocatalysts is the key. We use the ligand 3,3′,5,5′-azomellitic acid (H4abtc) to connect with Fe clusters and Zr clusters to form stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) Fe-abtc and Zr-abtc, both of which are responsive to visible lights for nitrogen fixation. It is worth noting that the presence of NN in the ligand makes it respond to visible lights. The tetracarboxyl group is connected to the metal cluster to form a stable structure. The field-only surface integral method verified that the ligands were successfully applied into the synthesized MOF particles, which expanded the photoresponse range and enhanced the photonic interactions of the synthesized photocatalysts compared with pure MOF particles. The best photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance of Fe-abtc and Zr-abtc is 49.8 μmol·g(cat.)−1·h−1 and 35.7 μmol·g(cat.)−1·h−1, respectively, the apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) of the sample Fe-abtc is 0.56 %, and the reliability of the source of N element is proved by the isotope 15N2. This work provides a new idea for the design of cheap and effective MOFs for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation.

High-flux nanofiltration membrane with modified highly dispersed MOF particles as nano filler.

The synthesis of optimized thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane with no or few defects is an efficacious method which can improve nanofiltration performance. However, poor dispersion of fillers in the organic phase and wrong compatibility between fillers and polymerizate are still a serious problem. In this study, the particle size of metal organic framework (MOF), aluminum-based metal-organic frameworks (CAU-1) was modulated and for the first time, dodecyl aldehyde was used to modify the surface hydrophobicity of CAU-1, which improved the dispersibility and inhibited the aggregation in the trimesoyl chloride (TMC)/n-hexane solution; later CAU-1 and modified CAU-1 were incorporated into the polyamide (PA) selective layer to synthesize TFN membrane by interfacial polymerization (IP). The particle size modulation and modification of the CAU-1 were demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) characterization. The characterization showed that PA selective layer was synthesized on the top layer of polysulfone (PSF) substrate. The pure water flux of the TFN membrane was increased to 79.89 ± 1.24 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1 compared to the original thin film composite (TFC) membrane, which was due to the polymerization of 100 nm modified CAU-1 on the PA layer to form a new water molecular channel, thus increasing the water flux by about 70%.

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Glycerol Aqueous Solutions as Sustainable Feedstocks Using Zr-Based UiO-66 Materials under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation

There is an increasing interest in developing cost-effective technologies to produce hydrogen from sustainable resources. Herein we show a comprehensive study on the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as heterogeneous photocatalysts for H2 generation from photoreforming of glycerol aqueous solutions under simulated sunlight irradiation. The list of materials employed in this study include some of the benchmark Zr-MOFs such as UiO-66(Zr)-X (X: H, NO2, NH2) as well as MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 as the reference Ti-MOF. Among these solids, UiO-66(Zr)-NH2 exhibits the highest photocatalytic H2 production, and this observation is attributed to its adequate energy level. The photocatalytic activity of UiO-66(Zr)-NH2 can be increased by deposition of small Pt NPs as the reference noble metal co-catalyst within the MOF network. This photocatalyst is effectively used for H2 generation at least for 70 h without loss of activity. The crystallinity of MOF and Pt particle size were maintained as revealed by powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements, respectively. Evidence in support of the occurrence of photoinduced charge separation with Pt@UiO-66(Zr)-NH2 is provided from transient absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies together with photocurrent measurements. This study exemplifies the possibility of using MOFs as photocatalysts for the solar-driven H2 generation using sustainable feedstocks.

Engineering of Metal–Organic Frameworks/Gelatin Hydrogel Composites Mediated by the Coacervation Process for the Capture of Acetic Acid

A novel strategy is proposed to synthesize metal–organic framework (MOF)–gelatin bionanocomposites by taking profit of the thermo-reversible character of gelatin and the liquid–liquid phase separation process, that is, coacervation. This enables the formation of bionanocomposites based on a series of chemically stable Zr4+ dicarboxylate MOFs (UiO-66 and MOF-801) differing by their hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance and their chemical functionality. Bionanocomposites with homogeneous and uniform distribution of MOF particles in the gelatin matrix as well as a high MOF loading (up to 90%) without compromising their porosity were prepared as a result of an excellent physico-chemical matching between MOFs and gelatin. Finally, this series of bionanocomposites were shaped into films or monoliths, and they have shown high performance for the selective adsorption of acetic acid in the presence of humidity. These composites can be regarded as highly efficient adsorbents for cultural heritage preservation.

Influence of Polymer Characteristics on the Self-Assembly of Polymer-Grafted Metal-Organic Framework Particles.

Polymer-grafted metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can combine the properties of MOFs and polymers into a single, matrix-free composite material. Herein, we examine polymer-grafted MOF particles (using UiO-66 as a model system) to examine how the molecular weight, grafting density, and chemical functionality of the polymer graft affects the preparation of free-standing self-assembled MOF monolayers (SAMMs). The physical properties of the monolayers are influenced by the choice of polymer, and robust, flexible monolayers were achieved more readily with poly(methyl acrylate) when compared to poly(methyl methacrylate) or poly(benzyl methacrylate). Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to provide insights into the orientation and ordering of MOFs in the monolayers with respect to MOF size, graft length, and hydrophobicity. The relationship between molecular weight and graft density of the polymer brush was investigated and related to polymer brush conformation, offering design rules for further optimizations to balance mechanical strength, MOF weight fraction, and processability for this class of hybrid materials.

Mechanism of Methanol Dehydration Catalyzed by Al8O12 Nodes Assisted by Linker Amine Groups of the Metal–Organic Framework CAU-1

Elucidation of catalytic sites and mechanisms of reactions on metal oxides is hindered by the complexity and heterogeneity of the surfaces. In contrast, the metal oxide cluster nodes of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have well-defined, essentially molecular structures that provide excellent platforms for understanding catalytic reactions in depth. We report an experimental and density functional theory (DFT) investigation of methanol dehydration on the Al8O12 nodes of the MOF CAU-1, presenting catalyst performance data obtained with vapor-phase methanol contacting MOF particles in a flow reactor at temperatures in the range of 180–250 °C. These data and infrared spectra of the MOF characterizing its reactivity with methanol and water show that the reactivities of node μ2-OH groups, influenced by the coordination environments of the node aluminum atoms, react with methanol to form catalytic sites incorporating methoxy ligands that bridge paired aluminum atoms, with the dehydration mechanism engaging nearby MOF linker amine groups that bond to methanol. DFT investigations of the mechanism suggest that the SN2-type methanol dehydration reaction is energetically favored to occur at MOF linker amine groups, which allow for a near-linear transition state (TS) geometry; in contrast, the central cavity of the Al8O12 node adsorbs methanol strongly but, because of geometric constraints, renders the TS for methanol dehydration energetically unfavorable.

MIL-100(Fe) a potent adsorbent of Dacarbazine: Experimental and molecular docking simulation

Dacarbazine (DTIC) is a commonly used anticancer drug that has been found in pharmaceutical and hospital wastewater, posing a risk to human health and aquatic environments. In the present work, MIL-100(Fe) metal–organic framework (MOF) was synthesized using a rapid and green synthesis technique. The crystallinity and the porosity of the synthesized MIL-100(Fe) particles were investigated against air, and the results showed that the prepared particles are stable in air, and their surface area decreased from 1174 m2/g to 638 m2/g after aging for three years. This MOF was applied as an adsorbent to remove DTIC from contaminated water for the first time. The synthesized MOF particles exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 292.87 mg/g for DTIC at optimum conditions, mainly because of their high surface area and suitable porous structure. The experimental adsorption kinetic and isotherm results demonstrated that the adsorption of DTIC onto this adsorbent followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Moreover, the thermodynamic investigations showed that the adsorption of DTIC molecules on MIL-100(Fe) was spontaneous and exothermic. Furthermore, the pH and salt concentration studies revealed that the electrostatic interaction is the main adsorption mechanism. Additionally, molecular docking calculation results suggested that the DTIC molecules can interact with the MIL-100(Fe) particles via hydrogen bonding with a binding energy of about −5.1 kcal/mol. It was found that the MIL-100(Fe) particles can be easily recovered by simple washing with ethanol solution and can be reused for further adsorption process.

Metal-Organic Framework Integrating Ionic Framework and Bimetallic Coupling Effect for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are recognized as promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because of their permanent porosity and rich architectural diversity; however, ionic MOFs enabling fast ions exchange during OER are rarely explored. Here, an ionic MOF (Ni‐btz) constructed with an azolate ligand is selected, and continuous 3D bimetallic MOF (NiFe‐btz) films deriving from high‐degree intergrowth of microsized MOFs particles are fabricated. The as‐prepared NiFe‐btz/NF‐OH electrode exhibits excellent OER performance with a low overpotential of 239 mV at 10 mA cm−2 under alkaline condition. The OER charge transfer process and bimetallic coupling effect in ionic NiFe‐btz are probed by density functional theory calculations and confirmed via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ Raman measurements. The partial density of states of NiFe‐btz indicates that the main contribution for electron density around the Fermi level is from Cl ions clarifying the profitable impact of ionic MOF framework. This work systematically demonstrates the relationship of electronic structure and OER activity in ionic, bimetallic MOFs and expands the scope of 3D MOF films for efficient OER.

Facile preparation of humidity stable green γ‐cyclodextrin metal–organic framework monolith for CO2 capture

AbstractProcessing powdered metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into more usable forms can greatly expand their practical applications. We report a very simple and efficient method for synthesizing a green‐friendly γ‐cyclodextrin (CD)‐MOF monolith (rather than powder), without using any connectors or high temperature/pressure. Compared with the γ‐CD‐MOF‐powder, the γ‐CD‐MOF‐monolith showed much better humidity stability because the MOF particles in the γ‐CD‐MOF‐monolith were tightly packed. In addition, the CO2 adsorption test indicated that it had a higher volume adsorption capacity for CO2, with adsorption capacities of 44.04 and 36.85 cm3/cm3 at 0 and 25°C, respectively. The γ‐CD‐MOF‐monolith can maintain its porous structure and gas adsorption capacity even after 14 days of exposure to humid conditions, and the amount of CO2 absorption remains almost unchanged. This humidity stable γ‐CD‐MOF‐monolith is expected to have greater practical applications than its powdered counterpart in many applications including CO2 adsorption.

Synthesis of defective MOF-801 via an environmentally benign approach for diclofenac removal from water streams

Diclofenac is one of the most popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which has been widely used worldwide. Despite its popularity, its accumulation in the environment poses danger to the aquatic lives and its removal from the environment is paramount important. Although some conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon can be readily used to address this issue, they usually suffer from low diclofenac adsorption capacity (around 200 mg g−1), resulting in bulky adsorption systems. To overcome this problem, high performance materials such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs) can be employed. Here, we report that we synthesised defective MOF-801 for enhanced diclofenac adsorption via a simple and environmentally benign approach. Differing from a conventional MOF synthesis that usually requires the use of organic solvents at high temperature, the defective MOF-801 could be synthesised at room temperature and by changing the reaction medium from dimethylformamide to water. In addition, we have also successfully shown in this study that the defect concentration in MOF-801 can be rationally tuned by adjusting the modulator concentration (formic acid) in the synthesis solution. The resulting defective MOF-801 can then be used for environmental remediation, which we have shown here by employing them as an adsorbent for diclofenac removal from water streams. The enhanced adsorption of defective MOF-801 in comparison to its non-defective counterpart is due to the pore enlargement of the defective MOF-801 which provides a better pathway to access the adsorption sites. The maximum diclofenac adsorption capacity in a highly defective MOF-801 can reach as high as 680 mg g−1, which is almost 4 times higher than its non-defective counterpart. This study then opens possibilities to engineer the MOF particles for environmental remediation.

Metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks as disruptive membrane materials for energy-efficient gas separation.

In this Review we survey the molecular sieving behaviour of metal-organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) membranes, which is different from that of classical zeolite membranes. The nature of MOFs as inorganic-organic hybrid materials and COFs as purely organic materials is powerful and disruptive for the field of gas separation membranes. The possibility of growing neat MOFs and COFs on membrane supports, while also allowing successful blending into polymer-filler composites, has a huge advantage over classical zeolite molecular sieves. MOFs and COFs allow synthetic access to more than 100,000 different structures and tailor-made molecular gates. Additionally, soft evacuation below 100 °C is often enough to achieve pore activation. Therefore, a huge number of synthetic methods for supported MOF and COF membrane thin films, such as solvothermal synthesis, seed-mediated growth and counterdiffusion, exist. Among them, methods with high scale-up potential, for example, layer-by-layer dip- and spray-coating, chemical and physical vapour deposition, and electrochemical methods. Additionally, physical methods have been developed that involve external stimuli, such as electric fields and light. A particularly important point is their ability to react to stimuli, which has allowed the 'drawbacks' of the non-ideality of the molecular sieving properties to be exploited in a completely novel research direction. Controllable gas transport through membrane films is a next-level property of MOFs and COFs, leading towards adaptive process deviation. MOF and COF particles are highly compatible with polymers, which allows for mixed-matrix membranes. However, these membranes are not simple MOF-polymer blends, as they require improved polymer-filler interactions, such as cross-linking or surface functionalization.

PH dependence of drug release behavior from metal-organic framework particle with different acid-base resistances

Generally, a carrier that contains or binds to a drug is required for DDSs. Although it is common to use liposomes and polymeric micelles as carriers, the loading of drugs in these carriers is relatively low. This study investigates the application of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are a new class of porous materials, to drug carriers. UiO-66-NH2 and ibuprofen (IBU) were selected as model MOF and drug, respectively. The acid/alkaline resistance of each MOF was investigated. Then, liquid-phase adsorption of drugs with MOF particles was conducted to obtain drug-loaded MOF particles. Furthermore, the release behavior of the drug from the MOF particles was investigated under different pH conditions. It was confirmed that the crystal structure of UiO-66-NH2 collapsed under alkaline conditions (pH 13). The model drug IBU was incorporated in the pores of UiO-66-NH2 at a relatively large amount of 0.16 g-IBU/g-UiO-66-NH2. The IBU incorporated in UiO-66-NH2 was immediately released when it was placed in a solution under alkaline conditions (pH 8.5). In addition, it was demonstrated that the release of IBU increased as soon as the pH conditions were changed from 1.5 to 8.5 during the dissolution test. The findings of this study indicate that UiO-66-NH2 has the potential to be a DDS with a large drug inclusion capacity and responsiveness to alkaline conditions.

Highly efficient Cu-doped BTC aerogel for lead ions adsorption from aqueous solution: statistical modeling and optimization study using response surface methodology

• Aerogel adsorbent were prepared with the incorporation of Cu-BTC and characterized. • The CCD-RSM design was used to optimize the removal of Pb(II) from an aqueous solution . • The adsorbent concentration, time, and pH were studied and optimized. • Aerogel adsorbent were found to have a high adsorption efficiency for the removal Pb(II) ions. • Adsorption mechanism proposed chemical bonding and electrostatic interaction phenomena. In this study, a new kind of Cu-doped BTC (Cu-BTC/CH) aerogel adsorbent is synthesized for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. A Cu-BTC/CH aerogel was made by covalent crosslinking with a hierarchical structure. The prepared aerogel adsorbent material was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the independent variables such as adsorbent concentration (0.2-1.2 g/L), time (20-180 min), and pH (3-7) respectively. The statistical techniques analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the experimental results and the quadratic model were in good agreement (R 2 = 0.9882). The RSM model predicted that pH 6.5, adsorbent concentration of 1.15 g L −1 , and contact time of 170 minutes were the best experimental conditions for 99.96 % removal of Pb(II) ions. The highest Langmuir adsorption capacity for Pb(II) ions was found to be 204.08 mg g −1 with the correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.99). The adsorption of Pb(II) ions on the aerogel adsorbent is an exothermic and spontaneous process with the negative ΔG°. The prepared adsorbent can be reusable for up to five consecutive regeneration cycles with the negligible effect of interfering ions. The mechanism of adsorption of Pb(II) ions was explained by XRD and XPS study and the adsorption phenomenon might be due to –OH, –NH 2 , and –COO − groups respectively. Considering all this, the proposed method is an effective and adaptable way to transform a huge amount of metal-organic framework (MOF) particles into a solid form and expand their use in water treatment. Graphical abstract