Metal Concentrations In Water Research Articles

QUESTIONS ON OPTIMUM DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX FOR MULTI-POINT CONTROL AND EVALUATION OF CONTAMINATION OF WATER BASINS POLLUTED BY WASTE WATER OF MINING AND PROCESSING PLANTS

The paper is devoted to questions on optimum development of complex for control and evaluation of contamination of water basins used for collection of industrial waste water. The purpose of the paper is development of scientific-methodical basics for development of measuring system for control and evaluation of contamination of natural water basins with heavy metals using method of attenuation of irradiation of dissolved organic matters excited by external irradiation. The task on optimization of operational regime of measuring complex for control and evaluation of contamination of natural water basins by waste water of large scale point type polluter of environment with heavy metals. The known model of Shtern-Volmer is used as a basis which assumes non-linear relationship between formed complex and fluorescent irradiations attenuation degree. It is noted that potential possibilities of Shtern-Volmers model are used not fully till now. So that in known researches the water objects polluted by several same sources are mainly researched. It is shown that Shtern-Volmer model is also applicable for analysis and estimation of pollution of water basins by single strong polluter that is mining and processing plants. For analysis the suggested special parameter, inversely proportional to concentration of heavy metals in water is used. Integration of this parameter on all possible values of heavy metals concentration and imposition of special limitation condition on the searched for function of dependence of attenuated part of fluorescent irradiation on maximum concentration of heavy metals make it possible to formulate and solve the task on searching of optimum type of this function providing for the optimum regime of operation of the complex.

Parasites as Biological Indicators: the Impact of Environmental Quality on the Infections of Lamproglena clariae (Crustacea) on Clarias gariepinus Along the Vaal River, South Africa.

Anthropogenic activities influence the natural equilibrium of freshwater ecosystems resulting in negative ecological impacts. Differences in the infection variables of Lamproglena clariae in relation to variable water quality influenced by metal pollution were studied at six sites along the Vaal River, South Africa (March 2017 and October 2018). From each sampling site, in situ water quality parameters, water and sediment samples, and a minimum of 10 Clarias gariepinus were collected. Lamproglena clariae specimens collected from the gills of C. gariepinus were used to calculate the prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance of the parasite. Metal concentrations in water and sediment were analysed with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Parasite intensity correlated negatively with some water quality parameters (conductivity, salinity, pH, total dissolved solids, and dissolved oxygen). Negative correlations were found between L. clariae (intensity and prevalence) and metal concentrations (Cu, Cr, Zn, Cd) in water. Parasite infections were influenced negatively at sites with high metal concentrations recorded in sediment and water and high levels of organic pollution. Sites that were found to be more polluted had lower mean intensity and mean abundance of L. clariae, indicating pollution affects the survival of this ectoparasite.

Heavy Metals in Water, Soils and Sediments of La Villa River Basin- Panama

Determine the concentration of heavy metals in water, sediments, and crops within the La Villa river basin, Herrera and Los Santos provinces, republic of Panama. La Villa river Basin, south central of Panama, in the rainy season of 2016 (May to November) and in the dry season of 2017 (December to April). Twenty two sediments and water samples were taken using the systematic method which consists of selecting sampling points at uniform distances and crops in upper, middle and lower basin. The selected sampling was confined to a preferably rectangular area of 10.0 m x 30.0 m, on which the sub-samples were taken with a number of 15 on each grid, at 0.20m depth. For collecting the water samples, a rod with a clean plastic bottle was introduced against the current of the river. The digestion of sediments and crops to determine the concentration of heavy metals (As, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cd) was carried out according to USEPA (25) method (3051A) (SW-846). In the sediments, in the rainy season, Cu (upper and lower basin) and Mn (all levels) values were found above the USEPA Standards. In the dry season, high values of Mn were found in the middle and lower basin, Cr in the upper and lower basin and As in all areas of the basin. In the rainy and dry seasons, high levels of Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb were found in the waters of the rivers that make up the basin. The main crops at each height of the basin were analyzed, determining high levels of As and Cr in the upper basin, in the middle and lower basin Cr and Cd. It is necessary to monitor the concentration of heavy metals in sediments of La Villa river basin because 90% of the agrochemicals that enter the country is destined for agriculture. Each Panamanian consumes (does not ingest) 3 kg of agrochemicals annually, exceeding six times the amount used in Central America. Due to their geological origin, these soils are rich in copper, manganese and arsenic, latter being associated with iron oxides and sulfides but there is also great influence of anthropogenic activities, agriculture and industries. Some metals such as lead and arsenic showed low solubility in water but showed high concentration in sediments. Chromium and cadmium present in crops come from water.

Trace metals and metalloids in Andean flamingos (Phoenicoparrus andinus) and Puna flamingos (P. jamesi) at two wetlands with different risk of exposure in the Bolivian Altiplano.

Birds are widely used as bioindicators in monitoring programs in wetlands. We compare concentrations of seven trace metals and metalloids (TMM) As, Cd, Cu, Fe,Hg, Pb, Znin both feathers and blood in two flamingo species in two high-altitude wetlands in Bolivia, with different levels of anthropogenic point source pollution. Lake Uru Uru (LUU) receives discharges from mining operations, and also effluents from the nearby city of Oruro, while Laguna Colorada (LCo) does not receive contaminants from anthropogenic sources. We sampled water and sediments at each site, as well as flamingos in three age classes in an effort to establish a benchmark for long-term monitoring. Metal concentrations in water did not differ between sites, whereas Zn and Pb concentrations of TMM in sediments were higher at LUU, and Hg higher at LCo. TMM concentrations were highly specific for all separate elements, but results point to differences between Andean flamingo (Phoenicoparrus andinus) chicks and the rest of the classes considered. As flamingo chicks did not molt before sampling, we pose that TMM concentrations in their blood and feathers may respond mainly to local conditions. Eggshells provide additional information, since adults transfer some TMM during egg development. Long-term monitoring in these species should include different age classes and sample both feathers and eggshells to monitor the environmental conditions and bioaccumulation of TMM in these species. Future studies should include sites devoid of natural sources of TMM to help distinguish sources of contamination, since some TMM (As and Pb) may be naturally in high concentrations in remote areas, like Laguna Colorada.

Potential health risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in Chelon Saliens highly consumed by residents around an international wetland, Gomishan, north of Iran

ABSTRACT The content of the prioritised heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) was measured in water and tissues of ChelonSaliens- the most hunted and consumed fish- in an international wetland, Gomishan, located in Iran. Also, the health risk attributed to consuming the fish was assessed. The concentration of heavy metals in water and fish samples was obtained using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results were calculated in terms of mg/kg for fish and ppm for water samples, respectively. The concentration of the heavy metals in water decreased in the following order: Pb>Ni>As>Cr>Cd. The content of heavy metals in the fish tissues was 0.01–0.013 mg/kg, 0.005–0.01 mg/kg, 0.011–0.014 mg/kg, 0.004 mg/kg, and 1.5–1.6 mg/kg for As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) for all the heavy metals in the fish samples were below the permissible range of EDI for foodstuffs. Concerning health risks related to consumingChelonSaliens by people living around the wetland, only the non-carcinogenic target hazard quotient (THQnon-carcinogenic) of Pb for children was more than one and THQnon-carcinogenic for other heavy metals was distinctly less than one. Similarly, THQcarcinogenic for Pb was remarkably more than the safe range, i.e. 10−6-10−4, and those of other heavy metals were acceptable. It seems that consuming thefish hunted from GomishanWetlandcan make a health effect, especially for children, since a regular monitoring programme is required for assessing the contamination of heavy metals in water, soil, and fish in GomishanWetland.

Speciation of Manganese in Natural Waters Using Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry in Correlation with Physico-chemical Parameters

To understand the bio-geochemical distribution, activities and environmental consequences of heavy metals, it is very important to know their physico-chemical form and the conditions under which the transformation from one form to another occurs. The bioavailability of heavy metals directly depends on the physico-chemical conditions of the environment, the concentration of anions and cations in water, the content of heavy metals as well as the ionic strength. Depending on the physico-chemical properties of water, metals are found in water as free ions or as complex compounds. Their change in the form in which metals occur is significantly influenced by pH, temperature, alkalinity, water hardness, organic matter, and biological activity. The total concentration of metal in water is only an indicator of pollution, and it is necessary to determine the form of the metal. Differential Pulse Anode Stripping Voltammery with mercury electrode was used for determination of chemical speciation. Manganese belongs to the group of essential heavy metals if its concentration does not exceed the maximum allowed value.
 The aim of this work is to determine the available forms of manganese in the water of Modrac Lake in relation to the analyzed physico-chemical parameters. In addition to industrial applications, Modrac Lake is also used as an alternative source of drinking water, and it is a strategic resource for water supply of the region of north-eastern Bosnia.

A Review of Heavy Metal Toxicity, Effects and Methods for Estimating Heavy Metal Concentration in Water

Heavy metals are metal ions which acts as carcinogens and causes serious health issues as they produce free radicals and these free radicals cause damage to DNA which eventually leads to cancer. They are non-degradable in nature and responsible for contamination of various natural resources in environment mainly water contamination has become a major problem. Many metal ions such as cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury are considered as toxic metals. The analysis of these metal ions is necessary and to detect these metal ions, several detection methods such as electrochemical biosensors, CNT’s, silver nanoparticles have been developed. In this paper, the toxicity and health effects of several heavy metals and their role in causing of oxidative stress have been summarized. Also, various heavy metal detection methods have been listed.

Evaluation of heavy metal content in water and removal of metals using native isolated bacterial strains

Abstract. Saleh LIF, Rashed RO, Muhammed SM. 2021. Evaluation of heavy metal content in water and removal of metals using native isolated bacterial strains. Biodiversitas 22: 3163-3174. Natural surface water sources are susceptible to chemical contamination, including heavy metals. The goals of this study were to isolate naturally occurring heavy metal-tolerant bacteria by evaluating their ability to remove heavy metals from Tanjaro River and assessing the river’s water quality. The potency of bacteria to remove heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, and Fe) from the medium was conducted by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Results of physicochemical parameters of the water samples were as follows: temperature 11.9–31°C, pH 6.1–8.64, total dissolved solids 268–464 mg.l-1, total hardness 232–485 mg.l-1, and alkalinity 122–324.3 mg.l-1. The overall mean concentrations of the heavy metals were in the order of Zn >Cu> Pb> Ni> Co> Fe> Cr> Cd), with values of 0.086, 0.073, 0.71, 0.068, 0.051, 0.056, 0.031, and 0.024ppm, respectively Moreover, the concentrations were generally exceeded the water quality criteria of WHO in some observations. The isolates included both gram-negative (56.5%) and gram-positive (43.5%) bacteria. The isolates displayed different degrees of resistance to heavy metals with maximum tolerable concentrations (MTCs) ranging from (10-250) ppm. Bacillus safensis and Leucobacter chromiiresistens were respectively able to tolerate (80, 90 ppm) Cd, (250, 160 ppm) Pb, (210,100 ppm) Cr, (110, 90 ppm) Ni and (160, 170 ppm) Co, while, Proteus mirabilis could tolerate 90 ppm Cd. The isolates were able to remove 55.4%Pb, 53.1%Cr, 53.7%Ni, 47.7Fe, 61.4%Co, and 55.8% Cu from a medium supplemented with the mixture of these heavy metals. The finding of this study indicated that Tanjaro River was undergoing frequent changes in water quality. Native bacterial isolates possessed considerable tolerance to selected heavy metals, which provides promising candidates for use in bioremediation.

Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution in Water and Sediments at the Mid-Black Sea Region by Using Passive Sampling Method Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films

Determining the potential bioavailability of heavy metals, evaluating according to adapted regulations is essential to efficiently conserve our coastal and estuarine waters. In this study, it is aimed to determine the industrial pollution and various other pollution sources that the Black Sea Basin is exposed to by using DGT (Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films) method and grab (manuel) sampling method in water and sediment and to evaluate the existing pollution according to quality standards. In Samsun, seasonal samples were collected from five different sampling stations, namely Akkiraz Stream, Hıdırellez Stream, Organized Industrial Zone (OIZ) Channel, Şabanoğlu Stream and Selyeri Stream, which are selected from Tekkeköy region where industry is intensively active. In order to determine the heavy metal content in both water and sediment samples, the DGT method was chosen for passive sampling and the grab sampling method was used for active sampling, and the efficiency of the methods was evaluated. According to the results of the study, the heavy metal concentration in grab sampling for water samples in descending order Al> Fe> Zn> Pb> Ni> Cu; In the samples taken with DGT, they are listed as Al> Fe> Zn> Cu> Ni> Pb. There were significant relationships between the total metal concentrations of sediment (Csed) and water (Csu) in grab sampling and metal concentrations sediment (Csed-DGT) and water (Csu-DGT) measured by DGT. It was found that the sensitivity and performance of sampling with DGT was 2-10 times higher compared to grab sampling. The high resolution in situ DGT technique for the assessment and management of the potential release risk of heavy metals at the water-sediment interface is a complementary method that contributes to the standard grab sampling method.

Functionalization of gold nanoparticles by β-cyclodextrin as a probe for the detection of heavy metals in water and photocatalytic degradation of textile dye

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and AuNPs functionalized by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD/AuNPs) were prepared successfully through chemical reduction method. The structural, morphological, optical, compositional and vibrational studies for the AuNPs and β-CD/AuNPs were carried out. Functionalization of AuNPs by β-CD was confirmed with FT-IR results. The UV–visible absorption spectra exhibit a red-shift with decreasing average particle size. This sustains the enhancement in surface area (SA) to volume (V) ratio that is one of the peculiar characteristics of nanoparticles. TEM results show that β-CD/AuNPs formed were monodispersed and self assembled. Also it shows a decrease in average particle size and improved distribution. The use of β-CD in the synthesis of AuNPs are revealed not only create uniform small sized nanoparticles but these water soluble nanoparticles have very good antibacterial action by inhibiting the growth of bacteria commonly found in water and sensing activity for sensing the concentration of toxic metals in water. The sensitivity of the system towards copper (Cu) concentration was found as 1.788/mM for β-CD/AuNPs and 1.333/mM for AuNPs. The photocatalytic action of the obtained nanoparticles increases with decreasing average particle size. The kapp value of this photocatalytic degradation of textile dyeing waste water in presence of AuNPs was 0.002/min and β-CD/AuNPs was 0.005/min. This is a non-toxic and eco-friendly approach.

Influence of Arsenic, Chromium, Mercury and Lead Concentrations in Irrigation Water on the Evolution of Heavy Metals Concentration in Soil

The market gardening in developing countries plays a huge important socioeconomic role in confronting the challenge of eradicating hunger, improving food security and the social daily life of the population. However, the quality of agricultural soils and irrigation is important to guarantee a good quality of market garden products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of metals (Cr, Pb, As and Hg) in irrigation water and soils from Loumbila, Goudrin et Paspanga, and simulate concentration evolution over the time in soil, in order to evaluate the potential impact of irrigation water. The research was conducted in four sites characterized by intensive market gardening performed. The results show that the concentrations of Cr, Pb, As and Hg in soils were lower than the recommended limit. The average heavy metals concentration in the irrigation waters from Loumbila was 0.116 ± 0.028 mg/L for Cr, 0.272 ± 0.004 mg/L for Pb, 0.016 ± 0.004 mg/L for As and 0.034 ± 0.002 mg/L for Hg. The average concentrations of the irrigation waters of Paspanga 1 were 0.016 ± 0.004 mg/L for Cr, and 0.092 ± 0.001 mg/L for Pb. The concentrations of Cr, Pb, As and Hg detected in the waters of Paspanga 2 were below the limit accepted by FAO. In Goudrin irrigation water only lead was detected with average concentrations of 0.086 ± 0.006 mg/L. The average concentrations of Cr, and Hg in irrigation water from Loumbila were above the accepted limit established by the FAO. The heavy metal concentration in irrigation water contribute to increases the heavy metal concentration in soil.

Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Related Histopathological Changes in Gills, Liver and Muscle of Solea aegyptiaca Fish Inhabiting the Lake Qarun, Egypt.

Pollution of Lake Qarun with heavy metals has become a more serious concern during recent years as it affects the physicochemical characteristics of the water, sediments and biological components and may damage aquatic organisms as well. Lake Qarun receives the agricultural and sewage wastewater loaded with heavy metals through two main drains; El-Batts and El-Wadi. Therefore, an annual increase in the accumulation of pollutants and heavy metals has been detected in all its components (e.g. water, sediment and fish). The present study aimed to evaluate the seasonal variation of heavy metals’ contents (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni) in water and the bioaccumulation factor of these heavy metals in Solea aegyptiaca fish samples, collected from Lake Qarun. Thus, information was provided regarding histological changes in gills, liver and muscle organs. This study was carried out along Lake Qarun at four sites (Eastern, Southern, Northern and Western) during the winter and summer seasons, 2019. The results revealed that summer was higher in heavy metal concentration in water than winter. Additionally, the eastern and southern sectors showed increased water concentration of heavy metals. Concerning fish samples, the present study exhibited that, the maximum values of bioaccumulation factor were recorded in the gills and liver, whereas the minimum values were observed in the muscles. The gills of Solea aegyptiaca accumulate higher levels of Zn, pb and Ni, while, Fe, Cu and Cd accumulated mainly in the liver. Results showed obvious histopathological alternations and clear damage in gills, liver and muscles of Solea aegyptiaca collected from the eastern and southern sectors of Lake Qarun.

Bioaccumulation of zinc, lead, cadmium in water hyacinth, hippo grass and papyrus reed as water quality indicator in River Kisat in Kisumu County, Kenya

River Kisat in Kenya is increasingly being polluted serving as a sink for waste receiving effluent from sewerage, industrial waste and agricultural pesticide residues leading to heavy metal contamination. This has led to the contamination of the aquatic ecosystem and water used by communities for consumption and farming. Little information is available on the bio-indicative aspects of water quality using bioaccumulation factor by macrophytes. This study aimed at determining concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd in water, (Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), Vossia cuspidata (hippo grass), Cyperus papyrus (papyrus reed) and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) in River Kisat, Kisumu County. This was determined following laboratory standard procedures using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results showed mean concentrations (mg/L) of Cd (Below detectable limit), Zn (0.2 -0.15) and Pb (0.03-0.03) in water. Mean values were within allowable WHO drinking water limits except for Pb which was above acceptable limits. Zn recorded highest accumulated levels in E. crassipes (72.43mg/L), C. papyrus (70.13mg/L) and V. cuspidate (71.03mg/L). E. crassipes was observed to bioaccumulate the highest concentration of the heavy metals with C. papyrus bioaccumulating the lowest (E. crassipes > V. cuspidata> C. papyrus). Pearson matrix correlation analysis showed positive significant correlations (r = 0.621; p = 0.027) between Zn and Pb in water and the macrophytes which reflected a common source of pollution and indication of accumulation. BAF recorded for all macrophytes ranged from 2.45 to 6.85, above value of 1, indicating significant bioaccumulation for Zn and Pb. The findings from this study showed higher concentrations of Zn and Pb in the macrophytes in comparison to the water in River Kisat with BAF values >1 indicating bioaccumulation which represented poor water quality. The study recommends local authorities employ monitoring processes with incorporation of BAF as a water quality indicator where low metal concentrations in water are recorded, introduce penalties for polluters and sensitize local inhabitants on detrimental health effects of heavy metal and avoid use of River Kisat water for agricultural activities.

Heavy metals accumulation in aquatic macrophytes from an urban lake in Kashmir Himalaya, India

Pollution of aquatic systems by heavy metals strongly affects food chain relationships through the process of biomagnification. In this study, the concentration of various heavy metals like Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), and Cobalt (Co) was determined in water and their sequestration capability was evaluated using three aquatic macrophytes Potamogeton crispus, Phragmites australis, and Ceratophyllum demersum in Nigeen Lake, Kashmir Himalaya. The concentration of different heavy metals was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentration of heavy metals in water was in the order of Pb > Fe > Zn > Cd > Mn > Cu > Cr > Co. In water, the concentration of Cd, Co, Fe, Pb, and Mn was above the permissible limits for drinking water set by World Health Organization (WHO). The concentration of accumulated heavy metals in Potamogeton crispus was in the order of Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cr > Cd = Cu > Co. Phragmites australis showed the accumulation pattern as Fe > Zn > Mn > Cd > Pb > Cu > Cr > Co and Ceratophyllum demersum accumulated heavy metals in the order as Fe > Zn > Pb > Mn > Co > Cr > Cd > Cu. The study suggests that all the three macrophytic species viz: Potamogeton crispus, Phragmites australis, and Ceratophyllum demersum have the high potential to accumulate heavy metals and can be effectively used to remediate contaminated soils, wastewaters, and aquatic ecosystems.

Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) levels in commercial and non-commercial fishes in the Blanakan River Estuary, Indonesia: A preliminary study

The Blanakan River Estuary, located on the northern coast of West Java, receives heavy metals from anthropogenic activities nearby. This study investigates Cu, Cd, and Zn metals in water and their accumulation in fish (commercial and non-commercial). The samples (water and fish) were collected from seven sampling stations. The metals concentration in the surface water of the Blanakan River Estuary has exceeded the limit allowed by the Indonesian government. The average metal concentration sequence in commercial and non-commercial fish was Zn > Cu > Cd. In general, it was found that the concentration of Zn and Cd (Cu) metals in fish had (had not) exceeded the limits allowed by the FAO/WHO. Based on Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) value, all of fishes species have a low ability to accumulate heavy metals (BCF <1000). Based on Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), all fish species have a low risk for health, both for adult and children.

Impact assessment of ephemeral discharge of contamination downstream of two legacy base metal mines using environmental DNA

Mining and processing metalliferous ores can degrade the environment well beyond the footprint of the mine, particularly where on-site containment and post-mining remediation has been insufficient to prevent releases of solid and aqueous mine wastes. In this study, we investigated the potential of sediment and water chemistry coupled with environmental (e)DNA metabarcoding to evaluate discrete and cumulative ecological impacts of two legacy base metal (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb)) mines (Peelwood and Cordillera) which discharge metals via ephemeral tributaries into perennial Peelwood Creek. Although the two mine streams exceeded Australian guidelines for sediment and freshwater quality for Cu, Zn and Pb, Peelwood Creek had relatively low sediment and water metal concentrations, suggesting a low potential for environmental toxicity. Although sediment and water chemistry defined the extent of biological impacts, metabarcoding showed that Peelwood and Cordillera mines had discrete impacts and Peelwood mine was the main source of contamination of Peelwood Creek. Metabarcoding showed that prokaryotes can be good indicators of metal contamination whereas eukaryotes did not reflect contamination impacts in Peelwood Creek. Metabarcoding results showed that benthic communities downstream of Cordillera mine were less impacted than those below Peelwood mine, suggesting that Peelwood mine should be considered for further remediation.

Risk Assessment of Poisonous Metals in Water and Soil at Two Abandoned Lead-Zinc Mines at Yonov, Benue State

Aim: The study was aimed at determining the risk assessment of toxic metal concentration in soil and water at two abandoned Lead-Zinc mines Yonov District, Logo, Benue State, Nigeria.&#x0D; Study design: comparative cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and duration of study: This study was carried out at the Bruce Powel Toxicology &amp; Biodiversity Laboratory, Animal and Environmental Biology Department, University of Port Harcourt, Analysis at Giolee Global Services Limited Port Harcourt, Nigeria from 16th July to 30th October 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: Eighteen composite water and soil samples were collected and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.&#x0D; Results: The mean concentration of Lead (Pb) was higher than that of Zinc (Zn) in all eighteen samples, while, Mercury (Hg) and Cadmium (Cd) were below detection limit in all samples. Mean concentration for Pb in soil samples in the order SiteII&gt;Site I (1.29±0.134 mg/kg&gt;1.26±0.04mg/kg) &gt;control 0.82±0.06 mg/kg. Zn was higher in site I, 0.70±0.10 mg/kg than site II 0.66±0.04mg/kg, and control 0.42±0.02mg/kg. Pb values in water was similar in both sites at 0.46±0.04/0.02 mg/L, while control 0.02±0.001mg/kg. Zn was higher in site II 0.05±0.01mg/L than site I 0.04±0.01Mg/L, control was 0.004±0.00 mg/L. Health risk assessment showed that Estimated daily intake of metals, hazard quotient, hazard index were all less than 1, Carcinogenic risk was within the stipulated ranged of 10-6 to 10-4.&#x0D; Conclusion: Ecological and health risk indices revealed non-contamination by Poisonous metals, however, routine assessment is recommended to forestall any sudden change in the concentration that may result to deleterious effects on human health.

Trace metal concentrations in water and edible tissues of Liza ramada from the Northeastern Moroccan Mediterranean coast: Implications for health risk assessment

This study aims to assess the level of metal contamination (Hg, Pb, and Cd) in water and edible tissues of Liza ramada from the Northeastern Moroccan Mediterranean coast, in order to assess the risk associated with the consumption of this species. 25 specimens of adult L. ramada and water samples were collected at two stations (port of Béni Ansar and Ras Kebdana) during the winter and the summer seasons of 2019. Metal concentrations were determined using graphite furnace and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Metal concentrations in water showed generally low values, with an order of increasing concentrations of Hg < Cd < Pb. Similarly, metal concentrations in L. ramada muscles showed low values below the guidelines set down by the European Commission Regulation, with an order of increasing concentrations of Cd < Hg < Pb. The calculation of the metal pollution index showed that the fish at the port of Béni Ansar are more contaminated than those at the port of Ras Kebdana. In addition, metal values in the summer are relatively high compared to the winter. Statistical analysis by the student’s t-test for equality of means showed that the effect of the season is more significant on the metals bioaccumulation; moreover, positive correlations were found between Hg–Pb and Pb–Cd in fish muscle. Furthermore, there is a significant positive correlation between metal concentrations and length and weight of L. ramada, except for Cd. L. ramada presented relatively high bioaccumulation factor values, particularly for Hg. The estimation of non-carcinogenic health risks by target hazard quotients (THQ) and maximum safe consumption suggest that these species do not pose a health risk to consumers (THQ < 1), and may be consumed at will, without exceeding 16 kg per week for children.

Diversification of Dawkinsia filamentosa (Valenciennes, 1844) and their growth conditions by the impact of toxic metals in the river Tamiraparani.

The concentration of toxic metals in water, sediment, and organs of species Dawkinsia filamentosa and its growth conditions were analyzed from the Tamiraparani river of Tamilnadu, India. The water quality preferred to examine the existence of metals, and the concentration of Pb, Cr and Cd expand the first time were found to be high in sediment, which was followed by water and the organs of the fish gill and liver. Even though, intakes of the toxic metals were highly accumulated in the gill instead of the liver. From that, the histological assessments of organ damages were observed significant variations in the study sites. Within the linear regression parameters for length-weight relationships of coefficient value r2, 'a' value and 'b' value were showed the allometric growth rate and condition factor of 'K' was fittest. The phylogenetic tree analyses were showing analogy between the opposite groups of Clade III and Clade II showed that the species were closely correlated with the Puntius sp. of other species. And in Clade I was intimately related within the identical population of D. filamentosa as respectively. However, the comparison of metal concentrations of other Indian rivers and of other parts of the world specified that these metals are getting closer to the standard permissible limits. Altogether, the potential ecological risk factor was slightly increased at the sampling sites; therefore, we conclude that the metal contents might pollute the river. Throughout this research, the observed findings emphasize that fish species from the riverine ecosystem may useful for environmental management and genetic diversity.

Children and adults are exposed to dual risks from ingestion of water and inhalation of ultrasonic humidifier particles from Pb-containing water

Room-sized ultrasonic humidifiers are exposure pathways to aerosolized metals, with dose positively associated with increased concentrations of metals in fill water. This study innovatively quantifies water ingestion along with inhalation doses from humidifiers for 10–1000 μg/L dissolved lead (Pb) in tap water. The subsequent indoor air Pb concentrations, average daily doses, and inhalation deposited respiratory fractions were predicted under four room scenarios for 3-mo, 12-mo, 28-mo, and 6-yr children and adults. Elevated blood Pb levels (BLLs) in children were modeled using USEPA's Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model. Indoor air Pb exceeds the USEPA ambient air standard of 0.15 μg/m3 when humidifier fill water contains 33 μg/L Pb in the small room of 33.5 m3 and 0.2 h−1 air exchange rate (AER). For this room, ~40–46% inhaled Pb-containing humidifier particles deposit in children's respiratory tracts; inhaling humidifier particles from ≥500 μg/L Pb water results in >1 μg/dL BLL in 2–7 yr children. For adults, ~23% of particles deposit in the respiratory tract; 8-h inhalation exposure with ≥17 μg/L Pb water exceeds the California EPA reproductive toxicity guideline of 0.5 μg/day. Larger rooms and higher AER decrease Pb inhalation exposure under the same water Pb concentration.