Metal Bridge Research Articles

Tumor-targeted delivery of SNHG15 siRNA using a ZIF-8 nanoplatform: Towards a more effective prostate cancer therapy

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used as a powerful tool in gene therapy to downregulate the expression of specific disease related genes. Some properties however, such as instability, and low penetration into cells can limit their efficacy, and thus reduce their therapeutic potential. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) such as zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), which consist of organic bridging ligands and metal cations (Zn), have a very high binding affinity with nucleic acids including siRNAs. In this study, we designed a PEGylated ZIF-8 platform that was equipped with epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) aptamer for the targeted delivery of siRNA molecules, in order to knockdown SNHG15 in both a prostate cancer (PC) cell line, and a human PC xenograft mouse model. SNHG15 is a long noncoding RNA, with oncogenic roles in different cancers including PC. The results indicated that the depletion of SNHG15 by Apt-PEG-siRNA@ZIF-8 nanoplatfrom inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, and increased apoptosis in PC cells. This nanoparticle facilitated the release of siRNAs into the tumor environment in vivo, and subsequently reduced the tumor growth, with no side effects observed in vital organs. We have therefore developed a novel siRNA nano-delivery system for targeted prostate cancer treatment; however further studies are required before it can be tested in clinical trials.

Towards building blocks for metallosupramolecular structures: non-symmetrically-functionalised ferrocenyl compounds.

Metallosupramolecular architectures formed from metal ions and bridging ligands are increasing in popularity due to their range of applications and ease of self-assembly. Many are able to readily change their shape and/or function in response to an external stimulus and have the ability to encapsulate guest molecules within their internal cavities. Ferrocenyl groups (Fc) have been incorporated previously within the bridging ligands of metallosupramolecular structures due to their ideal attributes brought about by the structural and rotational flexiblity of the two cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings coordinated to the Fe(II) centre. However, the majority of these Fc-based structures contain symmetrically substituted Cp rings. We report the synthesis and characterisation of non-symmetrically functionalised Fc-based ligands incorporating both N,N' and NHC-donor groups chosen for their differing coordination properties. Both substituents were designed to coordinate to a single metal centre with the dissimilar coordination properties of each donor group facilitating stimulus-induced dissociation/association of one of the substituents as an opening/closing mechanism. Preliminary investigations into the coordination of these Fc-based ligands to a [Ru(η6-p-cymene)]2+ moiety indicated complexation through a mixture of either a bi- or tridentate fashion, as alluded by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the Fc-based ligands adopt a syn conformation driven by H-bonding and π-interactions between the two Cp substituents, which facilitate coordination of both donor groups towards the metal centre.

Understanding the Forming Mechanism of “Metallic Particle Bridges” in Flowing Transformer Oil under DC voltage: Experiments and Simulations

Understanding the Forming Mechanism of “Metallic Particle Bridges” in Flowing Transformer Oil under DC voltage: Experiments and Simulations

Augmented photocatalysis induced by 1T-MoS2 bridged 2D/2D MgIn2S4@1T/2H-MoS2 Z-scheme heterojunction: mechanistic insights into H2O2 and H2 evolution.

In the realm of composite photocatalysts, the fusion of the co-catalyst effect with interfacial engineering is recognized as a potent strategy for facilitating the segregation and migration of photo-induced charge carriers. Herein, an innovative mediator-based Z-scheme hybrid, i.e. MIS@1T/2H-MoS2, has been well designed by pairing MIS with 1T/2H-MoS2via a facile hydrothermal strategy as a competent photocatalyst for H2O2 and H2 generation. The co-catalyst, i.e. metallic 1T-phase bridging between semiconducting 2H-MoS2 and MIS, serves as a solid state electron mediator in the heterostructure. Morphological findings revealed the growth of 1T/2H-MoS2 nanoflowers over MIS microflowers, verifying the close interaction between MIS and 1T/2H-MoS2. By virtue of accelerated e-/h+ pair separation and migration efficiency along with a proliferated density of active sites, the MMoS2-30 photocatalyst yields an optimum H2O2 of 35 μmol h-1 and H2 of 370 μmol h-1 (ACE of 5.9%), which is 3 and 2.7 fold higher than pristine MIS. This obvious enhancement can be attributed to photoluminescence and electrochemical aspects that substantiate the diminished charge transfer resistance along with improved charge carrier separation, representing a good example of a noble metal-free photocatalyst. The proposed Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism is aided by time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), XPS, radical trapping experiments, and EPR analysis. Overall, this endeavour provides advanced insights into the architecture of noble metal-free Z-scheme heterostructures, offering promising prospects in photocatalytic applications.

Metal-organic framework-based platforms for implantation applications: recent advances and challenges.

The development of minimally invasive technology has promoted the widespread use of implant interventional materials, which play an important role in alleviating patients' pain during and after surgery. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their related hybrids formed by bridging ligands and metal nodes via covalent bonds represent one of the smart platforms in implant interventional fields due to their large surface area, adjustable compositions and structures, biodegradability, etc. Significant progresses in the implantation application of MOF-based materials have been achieved recently, but these studies are still in the initial stage. This review highlights the recent advances of MOFs and their related hybrids in orthopedic implantation, cardio-vascular implantation, neural tissue engineering, and biochemical sensing. Each correction between the structural features of MOFs and their corresponding implanted works is highlighted. Finally, the confronting challenges and future perspectives in the implant interventional field are discussed.

Increasing the effectiveness of complex influence on the condition of parodontal tissue in patients with diseases of the digestive system and having fixed dentures

The study is dedicated to analyzing the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of periodontal tissues in patients with digestive system diseases who use non-removable prostheses. The work considers the connection between periodontal diseases and digestive system disorders, emphasizing the importance of an integrated approach to treatment. A significant number of patients were included in the study, various clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated, and a comprehensive methodological approach was used, including statistical analysis. The results of the study showed that a combined approach to treatment significantly improved the oral cavity and periodontal condition in these patients, suggesting greater effectiveness of such integrated strategies for treating periodontal diseases in individuals with digestive system disorders and non-removable dental prostheses. The findings of the study are significant for developing more effective methods of treating periodontal diseases, especially for patients with concurrent digestive system diseases. Objective: to develop and evaluate new methods of comprehensive treatment of the periodontium in patients with digestive system diseases who use non-removable prostheses. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Dentistry of Bukhara State Medical Institute in the years 2020–2023. Participants: 138 patients, aged 18–60, including 101 men and 37 women. Age group distribution: 78 people aged 18–39, 39 people aged 40–49, 21 people aged 50–65. All patients suffered from chronic generalized periodontitis of varying severity, had digestive system diseases, and used non-removable prostheses. The main group included 108 patients with gastrointestinal tract exacerbations: 52 with metal bridge prostheses, 28 with metal-ceramic prostheses, and 28 with dental prostheses on dental implants. The control group consisted of 30 patients: 12 with metal bridge prostheses, 10 with dental prostheses on dental implants, and 8 with metal-ceramic prostheses. Results: The treatment improved clinical-hygienic indicators in patients, reducing OHI-S and PMA indices. The microbial population in the oral cavity significantly decreased, particularly the levels of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans. The effectiveness of the treatment was higher in the first group, with improved microflora and a reduction in pathogens. The use of Traumeel-S, HelboBlue, and ALT-Vostok model 03 contributed to the improvement of periodontal health. Patients experienced a restoration of metabolic processes in periodontal tissues, an increase in the levels of L-arginine and citrulline, and a decrease in nitrates and urea. The integrated approach proved effective in correcting the condition of the periodontium in patients with gastrointestinal diseases and non-removable prostheses.

Enzymatic synthesis of ligand-bearing oligonucleotides for the development of metal-responsive DNA materials.

Metal-mediated artificial base pairs are some of the most promising building blocks for constructing DNA-based supramolecules and functional materials. These base pairs are formed by coordination bonds between ligand-type nucleobases and a bridging metal ion and have been exploited to develop metal-responsive DNA materials and DNA-templated metal arrays. In this review, we provide an overview of methods for the enzymatic synthesis of DNA strands containing ligand-type artificial nucleotides that form metal-mediated base pairs. Conventionally, ligand-bearing DNA oligomers have been synthesized via solid-phase synthesis using a DNA synthesizer. In recent years, there has been growing interest in enzymatic methods as an alternative approach to synthesize ligand-bearing DNA oligomers, because enzymatic reactions proceed under mild conditions and do not require protecting groups. DNA polymerases are used to incorporate ligand-bearing unnatural nucleotides into DNA, and DNA ligases are used to connect artificial DNA oligomers to natural DNA fragments. Template-independent polymerases are also utilized to post-synthetically append ligand-bearing nucleotides to DNA oligomers. In addition, enzymatic replication of DNA duplexes containing metal-mediated base pairs has been intensively studied. Enzymatic methods facilitate the synthesis of DNA strands containing ligand-bearing nucleotides at both internal and terminal positions. Enzymatically synthesized ligand-bearing DNAs have been applied to metal-dependent self-assembly of DNA structures and the allosteric control of DNAzyme activity through metal-mediated base pairing. Therefore, the enzymatic synthesis of ligand-bearing oligonucleotides holds great potential in advancing the development of various metal-responsive DNA materials, such as molecular sensors and machines, providing a versatile tool for DNA supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology.

On the history of the construction of metal bridges in the 20th century using welding technology

The history of bridge construction is an important part of historical knowledge. Developments in bridge construction technology reflect not only engineering advances, but also social, economic and cultural aspects of society. Engineers and scientists faced unique challenges when designing and building bridges depending on the technological level of the era, available materials and the needs of society. This process may reflect technological progress, changes in transportation needs, and cultural and social changes. The purpose of this article is to briefly review key moments and stages in the history of metal bridge construction using welding technology in the 20th century. The history of the development of the construction of metal bridges using welding goes back a little over 100 years. The short period from the construction of the first welded bridges to their first disasters led to the need to analyze the possible causes of these destructions. As the analysis performed showed, catastrophic destruction most often occurred under the influence of several factors, as well as a combination of external adverse influences and the internal “unpreparedness” of the structure for them. The above examples indicate that an irrational choice of steel could be both an independent cause causing brittle failure of structures, and an aggravating factor in the presence of structural violations, thermal stresses and welding defects. Over the years, bridge manufacturing technologies have been improved in different countries, and new steels and materials for their welding have been developed. Thanks to the use of carbon, low-alloy and alloy steel, designers abandoned the brutal “railroad-type” beam trusses and today metal bridges with graceful and beautiful silhouettes powerfully stride across the water surface, mountains and valleys. They became real attractions of megacities and country landscapes, and builders were able to successfully solve numerous technical and economic problems. An important contribution to the development of global bridge construction using welding technologies was made by the team of the Institute of Electric Welding of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR under the leadership of Academician Evgeny Oskarovych Paton. The team of the Institute of Electric Welding of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, introducing welding into bridge construction, carefully checked the results and monitored the behavior of structures. A new grade of steel was created that was resistant to the formation of brittle and fatigue cracks, its welding technology was developed, a technology for installation welding of vertical sheets with forced formation of a seam was developed, and suitable welding materials were selected. At the time of construction in 1953, the Kyiv Evgeny Paton Bridge across the Dnipro River was the largest all-welded bridge in Europe, all seams of which, including assembly ones, were made for the first time using automatic and semi-automatic welding. In addition, the presence of large similar blocks in the design of the Evgeny Paton Bridge made it possible to mechanize assembly and welding operations and organize an in-line method for their production at the factory and installation, which improved the quality of welding work and reduced its labor intensity.

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Corrosion Electrochemistry at Micro/Nano-Scale

A fundamental understanding of corrosion mechanisms is the key to developing suitable corrosion protection approaches for metallic structures and new corrosion resistant alloys for emerging technologies. However, corrosion testing methods such as mass loss and conventional electrochemical testing average over large areas and thus often mask the underlying mechanisms, due to either low sensitivity, low resolution, and/or a lack of element-resolved information. Recent advances in electron microscopy have led to development of liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM) that allows in-situ monitoring of morphological and even compositional evolution in materials at high spatial resolution during interactions of surfaces with aqueous environments. However, electrochemical testing in such restricted volume with a very thin (~ 500 nm) electrolyte layer places stringent demands not only for a reference electrode, but also for a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting electrochemical kinetics at the nano-scale1.In order to solve the need for a micro-reference electrode, we recently proposed the concept of metallic Luggin-Haber probe2. The metallic Luggin-Haber probe is a metal wire that serves as a bridge between the test solution and the reference electrode that was in a physically-distinct container. In standard-scale electrochemical cells, it was found that the metal bridge (MB) provides a means of making potential measurements that are identical to those made using a direct reference electrode or using a salt bridge.The MB is shown to be compatible with a wide range of electrochemical techniques including cyclic potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The present work explores the compatibility of the MB for electrochemistry in LC-TEM using Pt as working electrode. The work includes the effect of radiolysis of electrolyte, electrolyte flow rate, pH and potential scan rate on electrochemical kinetics when using LC-TEM, in a detailed comparison with results obtained using a standard-scale electrochemical cell. Present work is a discrete effort towards developing advanced methodologies for electrochemical measurement in situations involving restricted electrolyte volume including thin electrolyte layers, droplets, localized corrosion sites, batteries and fuel cells. References A. Kosari, H. Zandbergen, F. Tichelaar, P. Visser, H. Terryn, and A. Mol, Corrosion, 76, 4–17 (2020).S. Choudhary, K. Marusak, T. Eldred, and R. G. Kelly, J. Electrochem. Soc., 169, 111505 (2022).

Transient-liquid-phase bonding for Skutterudite-based thermoelectric modules

Thermoelectric (TE) generators are an option for waste heat recovery in a large diversity of applications, such as automotive, aerospace or high temperature industrial processes with high energy throughput. Skutterudite materials are among the most interesting candidates for high efficiency modules in the high-temperature range up to 500 °C. However, Skutterudite-based TE modules still lack published results on reliable solutions for electrical and thermal contacts between the semiconducting TE pellets and metallic bridges and their stability under thermal treatment, leaving room for suggestions on durable joining and assembly technology.In this article we will present contacting schemes for TE couples using different diffusion barriers and a transient liquid phase (TLP) joining process. The joints have been investigated concerning their microstructure, diffusion effects and electrical contact resistivities. CrSi2 has shown suitable as anti-diffusion layer with good adhesion and electrical properties leading to contact resistivities as low as 5 μΩ cm2.

Fatigue damage assessment on aging riveted metallic railway bridges: A literature review

Fatigue degradation of aging metallic bridges is a major concern for the safety of the railway network, particularly regarding riveted details. The codes in force propose mainly global analysis methodologies to perform an efficient assessment, without lowering the calculations from the global to the local fatigue damage scale, with the latter being the one more consistent with the fatigue damaging phenomenon. However, relevant approximations are taken into account in these global analysis approaches, often leading to inaccurate service life predictions. Alternatively, local fatigue methods may be considered, but the multiscale problem mentioned has prevented the generalisation of these to investigate large structures. This paper aims to systematically review relevant works in this field, laying the foundation for future research and contributing to improving fatigue assessment on aging metallic railway bridges, mainly as regards the legacy of existing riveted.

Bipolar Metal Bridge for Electrochemical Tests in Autoclave

The core of any electrochemical measurement lies in the assessment of interfacial potentials. The reference electrode (RE) plays an imperative role in any electrochemical measurement. Most commercially available REs need to be separated from the solution using a porous frit or a Luggin-Haber probe/salt bridge; nonetheless, a certain degree of ionic flow remains necessary. Building upon prior research, this study delves into using an inert metal wire to bridge the RE and the test solution in a physically distinct container. The impact of both physical and electrochemical variables on the efficacy of this metallic bridge was rigorously examined. Remarkably, linear correlations between potential and temperature and potential and pressure were established, while nonlinear correlations were observed with the bridge’s submerged area and the electrolyte’s concentration. Empirical equations were deduced, facilitating the correction of these effects on measurements. Furthermore, the viability of the metallic bridge was assessed as a straightforward alternative for electrochemical potential measurements in challenging environments such as autoclaves and other harsh conditions.

Unveiling the synergistic effect between the metallic phase and bridging S species over MoS2 for highly efficient nitrogen fixation

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is considered an appealing approach towards sustainable NH3 production but still undergoes serious challenges with unsatisfactory catalytic performance, which hinders its large-scale application. In this work, the S-rich 1T‐MoS2 with an ultrahigh 1T phase content and S-enrichment has been successfully synthesized and firstly verified as an exceptional NRR catalyst with high activity and selectivity. The optimized MoS2.30 catalyst exhibits a high NH3 yield rate (98.30±1.63 μg h–1 mg–1cat.) and FE (23.10±0.38%), surpassing nearly all the reported MoS2-based NRR catalysts and the overwhelming majority of advanced NRR catalysts, demonstrating the encouraging role-playing of the synergistic effect between 1T phase and bridging S22– species on NRR performances. DFT calculations reveal that the high properties empowered by MoS2.30 are on account of the synergistic effect that induces the enhanced NRR activity via the strengthened N2 adsorption and reduced energy barrier (Eb) as well as the improved NRR selectivity through the optimized competitive adsorption and reduced energy barrier against the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This work fabricates a MoS2-based electrocatalyst for highly efficient NRR and proves an effective strategy to improve the catalytic performance, which is worth being extended to other catalytic reactions.

Metal Microelectromechanical Resonator Exhibiting Fast Human Activity Detection.

This work presents a MEMS resonator used as an ultra-high resolution water vapor sensor (humidity sensing) to detect human activity through finger movement as a demonstrator example. This microelectromechanical resonator is designed as a clamped-clamped beam fabricated using the top metal layer of a commercial CMOS technology (0.35 μm CMOS-AMS) and monolithically integrated with conditioning and readout circuitry. Sensing is performed through the resonance frequency change due to the addition of water onto the clamped-clamped beam coming from the moisture created by the evaporation of water in the human body. The sensitivity and high-speed response to the addition of water onto the metal bridge, as well as the quick dewetting of the surface, make it suitable for low-power human activity sensing.

Dissolved organic matter and Fe/Mn enhance the combination and transformation of As in Lake Chaohu Basin

The phenomenon of algal blooms resulting from lake eutrophication has the potential to increase the concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and consequently influence the environmental behaviour of arsenic (As). In the subtropical region, the interplay between DOM, Fe/Mn and As becomes complex as Fe/Mn-rich substances from soils and sediments enter eutrophic lakes. The mechanisms by which DOM-Fe/Mn interactions affect the transformation of As species remain uncertain. Therefore, the Chaohu Lake Basin was selected as a representative case study site to investigate the levels of DOM, As, Fe and Mn in the water and to establish their associations. In addition, the interaction mechanism between DOM-Fe/Mn and As was investigated by elucidating the transformation behaviour of DOM-Fe/Mn on As species in a controlled laboratory environment. The results showed that in cases where the coexistence of Fe and Mn concentrations was relatively low (e.g. Fe < ∼0.5 mg/L and Mn < ∼0.6 mg/L), the concentration of As in water would increase proportionally with the simultaneous increase of both Fe and Mn concentrations (As < 5 μg/L). However, when the concentration of either Fe or Mn reached 10 mg/L, the proportion of As complexed by DOM increased significantly, reaching 99.73% and 99.66%, respectively. In the configuration of a metallic bridge, the elements Fe and Mn act as connectors between negatively charged DOM and As, thereby increasing the adsorption capacity of DOM for As. The alcohol and alkene functional groups present on the DOM-Fe/Mn surface show a preference for binding with free species of As in aqueous environments. In addition, the reductive groups on the surface of DOM not only directly convert As(V) to As(III), but also facilitate the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II), resulting in the indirect conversion of As(V) to As(III). Thus, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the transport and transformation processes of arsenic in subtropical eutrophic lakes.

Design of Thermoelectric Generators and Maximum Electrical Power Using Reduced Variables and Machine Learning Approaches

This work aims to contribute to studies on the geometric optimization of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) through a combination of the reduced variables technique and supervised machine learning. The architecture of the thermoelectric generators studied, one conventional and the other segmented, was determined by calculating the cross-sectional area and length of the legs, and applying reduced variables approximation. With the help of a supervised machine learning algorithm, the values of the thermoelectric properties were predicted, as were those of the maximum electrical power for the other temperature values. This characteristic was an advantage that allowed us to obtain approximate results for the electrical power, adjusting the design of the TEGs when experimental values were not known. The proposed method also made it possible to determine the optimal values of various parameters of the legs, which were the ratio of the cross-sectional areas (Ap/An), the length of the legs (l), and the space between the legs (H). Aspects such as temperature-dependent thermoelectric properties (Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity) and the metallic bridge that connects the legs were considered in the calculations for the design of the TEGs, obtaining more realistic models. In the training phase, the algorithm received the parameter (H) and an operating temperature value as input data, to predict the corresponding value of the maximum power produced. This calculation was performed for conventional and segmented systems. Recent advances have opened up the possibility of applying an algorithm for designing conventional and segmented thermocouples based on the reduced variables approach and incorporating a supervised machine learning computational technique.

Dental Resin-Based Luting Materials-Review.

As cementation represents the last stage of the work involved in making various indirect restorations (metal ceramic crowns and bridges, full ceramic crowns and bridges, inlays, onlays, and fiber posts), its quality significantly contributes to the clinical success of the therapy performed. In the last two decades, the demand for ceramic indirect restorations in everyday dental practice has considerably increased primarily due to the growing significance of esthetics among patients, but also as a result of hypersensitivity reactions to dental alloys in some individuals. In this context, it is essential to ensure a permanent and reliable adhesive bond between the indirect restoration and the tooth structure, as this is the key to the success of aesthetic restorations. Resin-based luting materials benefit from excellent optical (aesthetic) and mechanical properties, as well as from providing a strong and durable adhesive bond between the restoration and the tooth. For this reason, resin cements are a reliable choice of material for cementing polycrystalline ceramic restorations. The current dental material market offers a wide range of resin cement with diverse and continually advancing properties. In response, we wish to note that the interest in the properties of resin-based cements among clinicians has existed for many years. Yet, despite extensive research on the subject and the resulting continued improvements in the quality of these materials, there is still no ideal resin-based cement on the market. The manuscript authors were guided by this fact when writing the article content, as the aim was to provide a concise overview of the composition, properties, and current trends, as well as some future guidelines for research in this field that would be beneficial for dental practitioners as well as the scientific community. It is extremely important to provide reliable and succinct information and guidelines for resin luting materials for dental dental practitioners.

Cathode sheath parameters and their influences on arc root behavior after liquid metal bridge rupture in atmospheric air

The cathode sheath (CS) formation of the direct current air circuit breaker is simulated by a fluid model, and the influence of metal vapor concentration between the contacts after liquid metal bridge rupture is considered. The CS conductivity increases with the increasing concentration of copper vapor. The copper vapor concentration increases from 5% to 95%, and the thickness of the positive space charge layer and ionization layer increases from 22.3 and 49.1 μm to 51.8 and 81.7 μm, respectively. Increasing the CS conductivity is beneficial for the motion of arc roots in a certain range.

Bionic Mineralization toward Scalable MOF Films for Ampere-Level Biomass Upgrading.

With significant advances in metal-organic framework (MOF) nanostructure preparation, however, the facile synthesis of large-scale MOF films with precise control of the interface structure and surface chemistry is still challenging to achieve with satisfactory performance. Herein, we introduce a universal strategy bridging metal corrosion chemistry and bionic mineralization to synthesize 16 MOF films on 7 metal supports under ambient conditions. The robustness to explore unlimited libraries of MOF films (e.g., carboxylate-, N-heterocycle-, phenolic-, and phosphonate-MOFs) on supports is evoked by independently regulating the metal redox behavior, electrolyte properties, and organic ligands along with hydrogen evolution or oxygen reduction, which offers the basic guidelines for regulating the microstructure and composition of MOFs on the Pourbaix diagram. In conjunction with multiple manufacturing methods, we demonstrated proof of concept for "printing" a large variety of MOF patterns from micrometer to meter scales. Furthermore, a large-area electrolyzer (64 cm2) devised enables 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation to achieve a record-breaking current of 3.0 A at 1.63 V with 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid production, leading to the simultaneous production of H2 gas and valuable feedstocks. The improved electrocatalytic activity for significantly boosting the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation exemplifies one of the functional MOF films for given applications beyond biomass upgrading.