Metacognitive Research Articles

Teachers' Perceptions of ICT-assisted Reading Skills Teaching Strategies in Elementary Schools: A Qualitative Approach

This study aims to describe elementary school teachers' perceptions of ICT-assisted reading skills teaching strategies. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations. This research uses a qualitative approach. A qualitative approach was chosen because this research aims to understand and describe teachers' perceptions of reading skills teaching strategies in depth and contextually. The research results show that teachers have a positive perception of the importance of teaching reading skills. Teachers use various strategies for teaching reading skills, such as extensive reading, intensive reading, and metacognitive strategies. However, teachers still face several challenges in implementing reading skills teaching strategies, such as limited time, lack of learning resources, and differences in student abilities.

Metacognitive Strategies and Tendency to be Open to Learning: A Predictive Study

Metacognitive Strategies and Tendency to be Open to Learning: A Predictive Study

Making sense out of uncertainty: cognitive strategies in the child custody decision-making process.

Child custody cases post-parental separation entail inherent complexities and uncertainties for legal experts and decision-makers, and are influenced by context factors. This study sheds light on how legal actors (i.e., judges, prosecutors, lawyers, psychologists, and social workers) navigate the uncertainties that arise in such context and, therefore, make their decisions. Based on a reflexive thematic analysis involving 73 participants from Brazil and England, this study reveals cognitive strategies employed by legal actors to comprehend uncertainty and operate in the decision-making context. These strategies encompass heuristics (i.e., selection, evaluation, degrees of freedom, and outsourcing decisions/ resolution) and metacognitive strategies (custodial arrangements, professional practices and 'best interests of the child' speech). These results provide a window into the decision-making processes in child custody cases; they offer a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted sensemaking strategies employed by legal professionals. The results carry substantial implications for informing and improving legal practice in handling complex child custody situations. Furthermore, this study charts new paths for future research by highlighting potential avenues for refining and advancing the strategies employed by legal experts in these cases, especially considering the child's best interests.

INTERNAL FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENTS' SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT

The purpose of this study was to discover and provide a descriptive description of the internal elements that influence the high speaking achievement of the students. To gain additional knowledge regarding the elements that contribute to the student's high speaking performance, this research utilised a case study approach supported by quantitative and qualitative data. The data resources included two kids from SMKN 8 who had achieved high success in speaking English, their parents, teachers, classmates, and the headmaster of SMKN 8 Makassar. Observation, interviews, inventories, the TOEIC test, and documentation reviews were the instruments that were utilised in this study. Analysis of the data was performed according to its nature. A qualitative analysis was performed on the information gathered through observation, interviews, and the reading of documents. According to the findings, the internal factors that contributed to the student's high achievement were as follows: (a) a highly positive attitude; (b) a high level of motivation; (c) a high level of interest; (d) a learning style that was very high and positive in both visual and auditory terms; (e) a metacognitive learning strategy; (f) a very low level of anxiety; and (g) a high level of English proficiency as well. After considering all of these elements, it became clear that the student's great accomplishment in speaking was unquestionably due to factors that were internal to the kid.

Metacognition in General Science to Improve the Academic Performance of Students

This study explored the impact of metacognition on academic performance in general science among 90 students at General Mariano Alvarez Technical High School in Barangay Poblacion 1, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite. Utilizing an experimental design, a pre-test and post-test were administered to both control (traditional) and experimental (metacognition) groups. The sample predominantly comprised 14-year-old males. Initial results showed low performance levels in both groups. However, post-test results indicated a significant improvement, with the traditional group showing high performance and the metacognition group exhibiting very high performance. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores within both groups, highlighting the effectiveness of the metacognitive intervention. The findings suggest that students in the metacognition group outperformed their peers in the traditional group, demonstrating the substantial benefit of metacognitive strategies in enhancing academic performance.

Sustaining Undergraduate Students’ Metacognitive Regulatory Actions During Online Flipped Programming Course

This research explores how metacognitive strategies influence the metacognitive awareness of undergraduate students enrolled in an online flipped programming course. It specifically focuses on regulatory actions crucial for success in programming instruction and distance education settings. The primary objective is to contribute to the existing literature by investigating the implementation of online flipped programming courses that integrate metacognitive-oriented approaches to support students' metacognitive regulatory actions. The study employed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. A total of 29 university students enrolled in programming courses participated in the study, engaging with instructional videos provided before each 10-week lesson. They were administered the Metacognitive Awareness Scale and supplementary forms designed to assess their metacognitive awareness and regulatory actions. A detailed coding scheme was developed to analyze students' metacognitive regulation activities during programming lessons. The study also evaluated the impact of supportive activities on students' metacognitive awareness. While no statistically significant difference was found in the students' metacognitive awareness through quantitative analysis, qualitative data revealed that activities supporting metacognition significantly enhanced students' comprehension of the programming content.

The Effect of a SEL (Social-Emotional Learning) Intervention Program Based on Emotional Regulation and Metacognitive Awareness for Special Education Preservice Teachers Experiencing Adapted Teaching in Mathematics.

This study's aim was to examine the influence of a unique intervention program based on emotional self-awareness and the development of emotional regulation as an important component of SEL combined with metacognitive awareness. Seventy-two third-year preservice teachers participated for one year, tutoring a mathematically challenged student. This intervention was applied to an experimental group where each participant learned to assess his/her emotional state using a special ruler prior to teaching a lesson, and according to the ruler's assessment results, the preservice teacher was assisted by a variety of emotional regulations as well as metacognitive strategies. A control group learned only metacognitive strategies. This study's results indicated that experimental group participants showed notable improvement in cognitive reappraisal post-intervention compared to the control group, which showed no change. For metacognitive awareness, in both research groups, an increase was apparent post-intervention. Nevertheless, a comparison of the effect size of differences between the two measurement points indicated that the experimental group exhibited a greater improvement in metacognitive regulation compared to the control group. A significant positive correlation was found in the experimental group between cognitive reappraisal and metacognitive regulation. Assimilation and training of emotional skills among preservice teachers during training are necessary.

Exploring Chinese multilingual students’ metacognitive knowledge, strategies, and experiences in academic writing

This paper examines the role of metacognitive awareness in academic writing in a mixed-method study. In addition to validating an instrument assessing metacognitive knowledge and strategies in the context of academic writing, the study uncovered how Chinese multilingual students’ metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive strategies, and metacognitive experiences influence their process of writing. A questionnaire was administered to 143 third-year undergraduate multilingual students and a semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 students. Through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, a five-factor model was obtained, comprising metacognitive strategies (e.g. information management strategies and debugging strategies), metacognitive knowledge (e.g. declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge), planning, monitoring, and evaluating. The interviews suggested that metacognitive experiences (e.g. judgments and feelings) were shaped by learners’ metacognitive knowledge, thus influencing their awareness of metacognitive strategies. The study contributes to a better understanding of the theoretical and pedagogical implications of metacognition in developing multilingual students’ academic writing competence.

The Development of Reading Literacy Using Metacognitive Reading Strategies with Analysing Text Structure

The objectives of this research were to 1) develop reading literacy using metacognitive reading strategies with analysing text structure, 2) develop metacognitive reading behaviours using metacognitive reading strategies with analysing text structure, and 3) study the relation of reading literacy and metacognitive reading behaviours of Mathayomsuksa 1 students after learning by using metacognitive reading strategies with analysing text structure. The samples were 30 of Mathayomsuksa 1/1 students who enrolled Thai language subject in semester 1, academic year 2023 at Kham Kaen Nakhon School, The Secondary Educational Service Area Office KhonKaen. Research instruments were six lesson plans using Metacognitive Reading Strategies with Analysing Text, post-lesson report, teaching behaviours of teachers and learning of students report, metacognitive reading strategies with analysing text checklist, reading literacy framework process checklist and reading literacy assessment. The instruments used to evaluate the research were reading literacy test and reading behaviours questionnaire. Statistics used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, percentage, Pearson correlation coefficient and content analysis. The findings indicated that 1) the percentage of the students’ reading literacy scores were 83.07 and 80 percentages of the students met the criteria which was at a higher level, 2) the student’s metacognitive reading behaviours were at a high level and 80 percentages of the students met the criteria at a higher level and 3) metacognitive reading behaviours and reading literacy were related after using metacognitive reading strategies with analysing text structure.

What is the room for guessing in metacognition? Findings in mathematics problem solving based on gender differences

Introduction. Understanding the interaction of metacognitive strategies with guessing in problem-solving is a focus point in educational psychology, especially in mathematics education, especially with gender differences. These provide different nuances in understanding students' cognitive dynamics in guessing and metacognitive strategies. These interactions must be explained in depth to understand the unique phenomenon of second-guessing that sometimes arises in metacognitive activities based on students' gender. This research aims to reveal the process of metacognition and students' guessing thinking in solving mathematical problems. This research seeks to contribute to an empirical of metacognitive processes and their practical implications for educators and curriculum designers by uncovering these activities. Study participants and methods. The participants in this study were (30) 12th-grade high school students, consisting of (16) female students and (14) male students who had studied mathematics with statistical material. The primary method in this research is a case study with a qualitative descriptive approach. The indepth interview technique using the MAI protocol is based on the results of mathematical problem-solving to explore information about students' natural metacognitive processes according to what they think when working on problems. Semi-structured interviews used the Indonesian language to eliminate the influence of differences in regional language proficiency levels as much as possible. Results. The results of interviews on mathematical problem-solving tasks show a 'guessing' strategy in students' metacognitive activities. However, there is a striking difference between female and male students' use of the 'guessing' strategy when solving mathematical problems. Female students use the 'guessing' method more often than male students; even the 'guessing' method used by male students cannot solve the problem, thus changing the guessing strategy to estimation. This means that most of the students' answers used the guessing method. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of the cognitive processes used by students, revealing diverse interactions between metacognitive strategies and guessing during problem-solving efforts. Conclusion. This research shows that rather than standing in isolation, guessing has a place within metacognitive processes, with metacognitive regulation guiding and shaping the deliberate application of guessing in mathematical problem-solving contexts. This can be a factor for reconsidering the perceived dichotomy between precision-driven methodologies and intuitive guessing.

DEVELOPMENT OF METACOGNITIVE ACTIVITIES TO INCREASE STUDENTS' INTEREST IN PHYSICS

This article is dedicated to exploring ways to increase students' interest in physics through the development of metacognitive activities. The article provides a detailed analysis of the essence of metacognitive approaches and their significance in physics education. It also demonstrates how metacognitive strategies can be applied to enhance students' interest in physics. The experimental and theoretical sections highlight methods for managing the learning process, applying theoretical knowledge in practice, and deepening the understanding of concepts. The article offers guidance for teachers and education specialists on how to implement metacognitive approaches in their physics lessons.

The effectiveness of metacognitive strategies for online reading in a foreign language at university

Introduction. The authors addressed the problem of using metacognitive strategies as an effective way to develop students’ lexical knowledge when reading online in foreign language classes at a university. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of using metacognitive strategies when students read online and to evaluate their impact on the success of learning reading and vocabulary. Materials and Methods. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the authors used theoretical (analysis, comparison) and empirical (observation, survey) methods. The experimental groups of students completed an electronic survey, which included a set of questions distributed into sections covering adapted questionnaires to assess the reasons for students performing certain actions in the process of reading, planning, monitoring and evaluating what they read, as well as a set of factors that can influence the improvement of students’ lexical knowledge. Results. The authors analyzed and summarized the results of students’ work with texts, exercises and vocabulary in three experimental groups of students, divided according to the degree of using metacognitive strategies in teaching online reading, and came to the conclusion that students of the first experimental group who took a course in metacognitive strategies surpassed students in the other two groups in terms of their ability to plan, control and evaluate reading (according to questionnaire data). Students of the first experimental group showed the best results in mastering lexical skills. Thus, the use of metacognitive strategies in teaching online reading has contributed to better results for students when working with texts and vocabulary. Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate that teaching students metacognitive strategies for online reading is an effective way to work with texts and vocabulary in foreign language classes.

The Correlation of Field Cognitive Style and Working Memory Capacity with English Reading Strategy of Second Language Learners

Understanding written text is crucial in language acquisition, and the cognitive style and working memory capacity of an individual play crucial roles in determining their level of reading comprehension. Individual differences may result in different reading strategies being employed during the reading process. Research has demonstrated that cognitive style and working memory capacity can impact language learning outcomes like vocabulary acquisition, grammar comprehension, and speaking fluency. However, there is a lack of research on how these cognitive factors relate to the reading strategies utilized by English as a second Language learners. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between Field-Independent and Field-Dependent (FI/FD) cognitive styles and working memory capacity in relation to the utilization of English reading strategies among freshmen engineering majors at BIPT. Data is gathered utilizing the theoretical model of FI/FD cognitive styles, working memory capacity and English reading strategies. The collected data includes results from the Cognitive Style Figure Test (CSFT), Reading Span Test, and a questionnaire on English reading strategies, which are then analyzed using SPSS 22.0. The findings from the thorough analysis show that there exists a notable relationship between working memory capacity and the utilization of reading strategies in relation to FI/FD cognitive styles. Students exhibiting an FI cognitive style tend to favor the implementation of cognitive and metacognitive strategies, whereas those with an FD style are inclined towards employing social/affective strategies. Additionally, disparities in the use of reading strategies are observed between students with high and low working memory capacity. Students with high working memory capacity demonstrate a higher tendency to employ cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, and social/emotional strategies when compared to those with low memory capacity.

Exploring EFL learner engagement with different teacher feedback modes

Despite the growing interest in learners’ feedback engagement in second language writing in recent decades, learners’ multidimensional engagement with teachers’ feedback provided via different modes is an issue yet to be explored. Using the case study approach, this study explored how five Saudi university EFL students engaged affectively, behaviorally, and cognitively with teacher feedback provided via three different modes: oral, audio-recorded, and automatically written feedback. Content and textual analysis of students ‘drafts, reflections on mistakes, semi-structured interviews, and final course reflections revealed that the students’ high, moderate, and low engagement patterns were mediated by the affordances of the modes. Regardless of their preference for certain modes, highly - engaged students show deep engagement cognitively and behaviorally. Further, their cognitive and metacognitive strategies were triggered by the affordances of their preferred mode. Moderately and low engaged students had more complex engagement patterns and there was a nonlinear and inconsistent relationship among the three engagement dimensions. While the students’ cognitive engagement with the mode mediated their affective engagement to a great extent, mismatches persisted. Similarly, the students’ affective engagement with certain modes did not influence their revision uptake, but the aversion to certain modes indirectly led to withdrawal that consequently impacted their behavioral and cognitive engagement. The paper highlights the influence of alignment and misalignment between learners and contextual factors that further exacerbate the inconsistency across the three dimensions. The results suggest that writing teachers should be aware of different modes’ affordances in relation to learners’ needs and preferences to harvest their feedback engagement.

Exploration of Metacognitive Strategies and Multimedia Resources to Improve Students' Listening Comprehension

Strategy and media are important matters in the education field that have a big impact on learning success. This study is designed to explore the effect of metacognitive strategy and multimedia resources on the listening ability of university students. This experimental quantitative study chose 40 second-semester students of the English Department of HKBP Nommensen University Medan as the samples that were divided into experimental and control groups. Then, pretest and post-test were administered to both of the groups to accomplish the aim of the study. The data of this research was taken from the student’s scores on the pre-test and post-test. The result of the test showed that the average score of the experimental group increased from 43.00 in the pre-test to 73.50 in the post-test. While in the control group, the average is 38.50 for the pre-test and 57.25 for the post-test. To complete the research result, the formula of the t-test was applied to the testing hypotheses. It showed that T-calculated T-table, in which T-calculated is 4.160, while the T-table is 2.024. this result indicated that the metacognitive strategy and multimedia resources had a big and significant impact on the students’ listening ability. It means that this strategy and learning media seem to be appropriate models to be used to increase the student’s ability in listening skills.

The Role of Metacognition in Character Education: A Case Study on Students’ Moral and Ethical Formation Strategies

Character education is essential in shaping students’ morals and ethics. This study aims to examine the role of metacognition in character education through a comprehensive literature review. Metacognition, encompassing metacognitive knowledge and skills, enhances the effectiveness of character education by providing strategies such as self-reflection, goal setting, self-monitoring, and self-assessment. The research employs a literature review approach, selecting articles and studies from credible and relevant sources. Data analysis addresses the main question of how metacognitive strategies can be applied to shape students’ morals and ethics. Key findings indicate that metacognition significantly contributes to character education, although challenges such as limited teacher understanding and resource constraints persist. Identified opportunities include developing teacher training programs focused on metacognition and character education and the potential for improved student learning outcomes. This study concludes that integrating metacognition into character education not only enhances the formation of students’ morals and ethics but also offers practical strategies for implementation in schools. Practical recommendations and areas for further research are presented for ongoing development in this field.

Learner agency and its types; application in the language learning environment

The article examines student agency as the student’s resource or asset that influences the formation of an individual learning path in foreign language acquisition. Two types of resources are identified: personal – individual characteristics of the student’s intellectual cognitive development, acquired skills, knowledge – and external, economic and social resource, – social, family and educational environment as well as networks. The influence of changes taking place in the learning environment, in particular in language acquisition, and the impact of transformational competencies on the formation and development of agency, student agency, and co-agency are highlighted. Sociological and socio-psychological approaches to defining the concept of agency and the different contexts in which student agency is formed and developed – moral, social, economic, and creative – are outlined. Student agency is defined as an initiative, conscious, self-regulated activity of students aimed at choosing their own learning path in order to achieve personal goals. The types of co-agency within the educational ecosystem are considered; four levels of systemic interaction of educational process stakeholders are distinguished: student-teacher, student-peer, student-family, and student- wider community, and their influence on the formation and development of student agency is emphasized. Based on the theory of structuration and metacognitive strategies that learners favour in the process of organizing language acquisition, the types of student agency used in the language learning environment are differentiated: collaborative, technological, culture-oriented, research, reflexive, self-directed, and action-oriented. The prospect for further research consists in establishing a correlation between the types of student agency and learning tasks in the language classroom

Empowering Students’ Autonomous Learning through Self-regulation, Metacognitive Strategies, and Collaborative Learning Environments

This article presents the enhancement of autonomous learning among learners using self-regulation strategies, metacognition, and a cooperative learning environment. These elements contribute to higher academic achievement. Promoting learners to enhance their knowledge of self-regulation and developing metacognitive skills in a cooperative learning environment is important for student learning in the 21st century. It helps learners spend time outside of universities to develop their knowledge and understanding. These skills are necessary for lifelong learning. This study shows that to promote students’ autonomy, teachers need to develop new teaching strategies and encourage students to have skills in planning, teamwork, self-reflection, and self-assessment, as well as time management with technology and effective communication. Recognizing the value of self- autonomous learning is essential for students. To transition from being passive recipients of information from lecturers to actively seeking knowledge and continuously learning independently, learners must embrace new learning strategies.

A Metacognitive Teaching Intervention to Overcome Student Misunderstandings About Negligence

AbstractNegligence can be a difficult concept for business law students to understand, likely due to faulty schemas and naïve theories formed by their prior experiences. In this article, we describe a metacognitive teaching intervention used in a business law course to potentially overcome students’ misconceptions regarding negligence. On average, students who received the teaching intervention experienced greater growth in their understanding of negligence than students who did not receive the teaching intervention. These initial results provide support for the development of additional metacognitive strategies to overcome student obstacles to understanding negligence.

Learning to interact from conversational narratives

Abstract This article explores two under-researched types of corpora for use in data-driven learning (DDL): L2 corpora (i.e. in a second or foreign language) and multimodal corpora. It first outlines the development of FLEURON, a dedicated DDL platform designed to support interactional competence in French as a Foreign Language (FFL), based on multimodal corpora of both native and L2 speakers. It then presents an ecological study of how 19 international FFL learners interacted with the platform in a DDL approach at the University of Lorraine. The analysis highlights how L2 corpora in particular can help learners to improve their awareness of complex phenomena related to conversational narratives by engaging their meta-cognitive strategies during their time abroad. The study thus reveals the potential for integrating an L2 component among the range of resources available for teaching and learning spoken interaction.