Metabolism In Women Research Articles

The Effect of Berberine on Reproduction and Metabolism in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials.

Purpose To assess the efficacy and safety of berberine on reproductive endocrine and metabolic outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods PubMed (from 1950), the Cochrane Library, the CNKI (from 1979), the VIP (from 1989), and the Wanfang Data (from 1990) and the reference lists of the retrieved articles were searched for randomized controlled trials in human beings with the search terms including “polycystic ovary syndrome/PCOS” and “berberine/BBR/Huangliansu (in Chinese)/Xiao bojian (in Chinese)” till 30 May 2019. Relevant indicators were collected and the data were analyzed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Eventually, a total of 12 randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review. Our study suggested that berberine had similar live birth rates compared with placebo or metformin and lower live birth rates (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.82) compared with letrozole. There was a significant difference between berberine and placebo and between berberine and no treatment in terms of decreasing total testosterone and luteinizing hormone to follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio (8 RCTs, 577 participants, MD: −0.34, 95% CI: −0.47 to −0.20; 3 RCTs, 179 participants, MD: −0.44, 95% CI: −0.68 to −0.21, respectively). Berberine was associated with decreasing total cholesterol (3 RCTs, 201 participants; MD: −0.44, 95% CI: −0.60 to −0.29), waist circumference (3 RCTs, 197 participants, MD: −2.74, 95% CI: −4.55 to −0.93), and waist-to-hip ratio (4 RCTs, 258 participants, MD: −0.04, 95% CI: −0.05 to −0.03) compared with metformin, but not with improved BMI (4 RCTs, 262 participants, MD: −0.03, 95% CI: −0.46 to 0.39). Berberine did not increase the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events (3 RCTs, 567 participants, RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.76 to 1.35) or serious events during pregnancy (RR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.70 to 1.37) compared with placebo. Conclusion This review found no solid evidence that berberine could improve live birth or other clinical outcomes in women with PCOS. However, berberine appeared to be more efficacious for improving insulin resistance and dyslipidemia and decreasing androgen levels and LH/FSH ratio in women with PCOS when compared with metformin.

Longitudinal changes in glucose metabolism in women with gestational diabetes, from late pregnancy to the postpartum period.

This study aimed to determine, in women with gestational diabetes (GDM), the changes in insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index; ISOGTT), insulin response and disposition index (DI) from late pregnancy (34-37weeks gestation, T1), to early postpartum (1-5days, T2) and late postpartum (6-12weeks, T3). A secondary aim was to correlate the longitudinal changes in maternal lipids, adipokines, cytokines and weight in relation to the changes in ISOGTT, insulin response and DI. ISOGTT, insulin response and DI were calculated at the three time points (T1, T2 and T3) using the results of a 75g OGTT. Adipokines, cytokines and lipids were measured prior to each OGTT. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare changes across each time point. Changes in ISOGTT, insulin response and DI were correlated with changes in maternal adipokines, cytokines and lipids at each time point. A total of 27 women completed all assessments. Compared with T1, ISOGTT was 11.20 (95% CI 8.09, 14.31) units higher at 1-5days postpartum (p < 0.001) and was 5.49 (95% CI 2.38, 8.60) units higher at 6-12weeks postpartum (p < 0.001). Compared with T1, insulin response values were 699.6 (95% CI 957.5, 441.6) units lower at T2 (p < 0.001) and were 356.3 (95% CI 614.3, 98.3) units lower at T3 (p = 0.004). Compared with T1, the DI was 6434.1 (95% CI 2486.2, 10,381.0) units higher at T2 (p = 0.001) and was 4262.0 (95% CI 314.6, 8209.3) units higher at T3 (p = 0.03). There was a decrease in mean cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol from T1 to T2 (all p < 0.001), and an increase in mean C-reactive protein, IL-6 and IL-8 from T1 to T2 (all p < 0.001). Mean leptin decreased from T1 to T2 (p = 0.001). There was no significant change in mean adiponectin (p = 0.99) or TNF-α (p = 0.81) from T1 to T2. The mean maternal BMI decreased from T1 to T2 (p = 0.001) and T3 (p < 0.001). There were no significant correlations between any measure of change in ISOGTT, insulin response and DI and change in maternal cytokines, adipokines, lipids or weight from T1 to T2. In women with GDM, delivery was associated with improvement in both insulin sensitivity and insulin production within the first few days. Improvement in insulin production persisted for 6-12weeks, but insulin sensitivity deteriorated slightly. These changes in glucose metabolism were not associated to changes in lipids, leptin, inflammation markers or body weight. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02082301.

Combined intervention of 17β-estradiol and treadmill training ameliorates energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of female ovariectomized mice

Objectives: Menopausal women suffer from various menopausal symptoms due to estrogen deficiency caused by the decline of ovarian function. Estrogen plays a key role in regulating body metabolism in women. Its effects on skeletal muscle metabolism, however, need to be elucidated. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and/or running exercise on skeletal muscle metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) mice.Methods: Female C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups: sham operated, OVX, OVX with running, OVX with E2, and OVX with running and E2. The estrous cycle, body weight, and body composition of the mice were monitored after the operation. The animals were sacrificed after treatment for 7 weeks. The serum and tissue samples were collected.Results: The results showed increased fat mass, reduced lean mass, impaired mitochondrial function, and inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of OVX mice. The treatment of OVX mice with E2 and running had better effects on ameliorating these impairments than running exercise or E2 alone.Conclusions: The combined intervention of E2 and running exercise ameliorated energy metabolism of skeletal muscle and body composition in OVX mice, which exceled over E2 treatment or running exercise alone.

Evaluation of a Combination of a Plant Extract and a Probiotic on Glucidic Metabolism in Women With PCOS and High Insulin Levels

Evaluation of a Combination of a Plant Extract and a Probiotic on Glucidic Metabolism in Women With PCOS and High Insulin Levels

Evaluation of bone metabolism in women on aromatase-inhibitors before and after antiresorptive treatment

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

SAT-LB087 Combined Sleep Restriction and Circadian Disruption Negatively Alter Bone Turnover Markers in Women

Bone turnover markers (BTMs) display diurnal rhythms. Studies in rats and men suggest sleep restriction and circadian disruption are detrimental to bone metabolism. The effects of sleep and circadian disruption on BTMs in women are unknown. We hypothesized that cumulative sleep restriction and concurrent circadian disruption would decrease P1NP levels in women and that the magnitude of decline would be greater in younger compared to older women, as previously reported in men (JCEM 102(10) 2017). Four bone biomarkers (P1NP and osteocalcin = bone formation; C-telopeptide (CTX) = bone resorption; sclerostin = osteocyte protein/bone formation inhibitor) were measured in nine women from bihourly samples over 24h at baseline and after ~3 weeks of sleep restriction (~5.6h sleep/24h) with concurrent circadian disruption (recurring 28-h ‘day’ in dim light), termed SRCD. Maximum likelihood estimation in a repeated measures model was used to assess the effects of SRCD and age on bone biomarkers. A cosinor model was used to estimate circadian rhythm. Data are presented as estimate ± SEE. Five women were younger (avg 22 yrs, range 18-24) and four were older (avg 58 yrs, range 56-60). Baseline bone biomarker levels did not differ significantly by age (all p > 0.07) and were 51.6 ± 4.3 μg/L (P1NP), 0.686 ± 0.042 ng/mL (CTX), 21.8 ± 1.4 ng/mL (osteocalcin) and 20.5 ± 1.1 pmol/L (sclerostin). CTX was the only biomarker with a significant diurnal rhythm (p < 0.001). The average ± SD duration of SRCD exposure was 22 ± 2 calendar days. P1NP was significantly lower after SRCD in the group (Δ = -17.9% or -9.2 ± 2.8 μg/L, p = 0.02) and in the younger women (Δ = -22.3% or -12.5 ± 3.7 μg/L, p = 0.01). For the group, SRCD had no significant effect on CTX (Δ = 9.1% or 0.063 ± 0.052 ng/mL, p = 0.27), sclerostin (Δ = 15.9% or 3.3 ± 1.5 pmol/L, p = 0.07), or osteocalcin (Δ = -9.4% or -2.1 ± 0.9 ng/mL, p = 0.06); whereas after SRCD, CTX was significantly higher in younger women (Δ = 33.0% or 0.182 ± 0.069 ng/mL, p = 0.04) and sclerostin was significantly higher in older women (Δ = 24.9% or 5.4 ± 2.2 pmol/L, p = 0.05). The small sample size precludes definitive conclusions, particularly regarding age effects. Environmental differences compared to home (e.g., diet, activity) may have also contributed to the observed changes. However, these preliminary data suggest that cumulative sleep restriction and concurrent circadian disruption negatively altered bone metabolism in women by decreasing a marker of bone formation (P1NP) and, in younger women, also increasing a marker of bone resorption (CTX). Similar to previous findings in men, the detrimental impact of cumulative sleep restriction and concurrent circadian disruption on bone metabolism was of greater magnitude in younger women. If sustained, this pattern of BTM change may lead to bone loss and lower bone mineral density over time. Disclosures: See book Funding: K23; Center for Women’s Health Research Unless otherwise noted, all abstracts presented at ENDO are embargoed until the date and time of presentation. For oral presentations, the abstracts are embargoed until the session begins. s presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.

Gender Differences with Dose⁻Response Relationship between Serum Selenium Levels and Metabolic Syndrome-A Case-Control Study.

Few studies have investigated the association between selenium and metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to explore the associations between the serum selenium level and metabolic syndrome as well as examining each metabolic factor. In this case-control study, the participants were 1165 adults aged ≥40 (65.8 ± 10.0) years. Serum selenium was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The associations between serum selenium and metabolic syndrome were examined by multivariate logistic regression analyses. The least square means were computed by general linear models to compare the serum selenium levels in relation to the number of metabolic factors. The mean serum selenium concentration was 96.34 ± 25.90 μg/L, and it was positively correlated with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in women, but it was only correlated with fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in men. After adjustment, the odds ratios (ORs) of having metabolic syndrome increased with the selenium quartile groups (p for trend: <0.05), especially in women. The study demonstrated that the serum selenium levels were positively associated with metabolic syndrome following a non-linear dose–response trend. Selenium concentration was positively associated with insulin resistance in men and women, but it was associated with adiposity and lipid metabolism in women. The mechanism behind this warrants further confirmation.

Effect of a Long Bout Versus Short Bouts of Walking on Weight Loss During a Weight-Loss Diet: A Randomized Trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different daily physical activity (PA) frequencies, while maintaining the same daily volume of PA, on weight loss, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism in women with overweight or obesity throughout a 24-week intervention. During their weight-loss plan, 65 women (BMI=27-35kg/m2 ; age=18-40years) who had a sedentary lifestyle were randomly allocated to the following groups: diet plus a long bout of moderate physical activity (LBP) (one 50-minute bout of moderate-intensity PA) 6d/wk or diet plus short bouts of moderate physical activity (SBP) (two 25-minute bouts of moderate-intensity PA) 6d/wk. Anthropometric and blood measurements were taken at baseline and at 24weeks. Compared with the LBP group, the SBP group had a greater decrease in weight (SBP: -8.08±2.20kg; LBP: -6.39±2.28kg; P=0.019), BMI (SBP: -3.11±0.87kg/m2 ; LBP: -2.47±0.86kg/m2 ; P=0.027), and waist circumference (SBP: -8.78±2.62cm; LBP: -5.76±2.03cm; P=0.026). No significant differences were seen in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism characteristics after 24weeks. PA undertaken in two shorter bouts per day could be more effective for weight loss than PA undertaken in a daily long bout in adult women in a 24-week weight-loss program.

Modern tactics laboratory diagnosis of disorders of iron metabolism during pregnancy

Modern therapeutic approaches can significantly correct iron-deficient co and normalize iron metabolism in women during gestation, but for this, the practitioner must make the right decision to conduct both screening studies in this group of patients and to choose the optimal personalized laboratory diagnosis in pregnant women with clinically expressed pathological changes.

Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial

This investigation was conducted to evaluate comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 53 women with PCOS, aged 18–40 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to take either myo-inositol (n = 26) or metformin (n = 27) for 12 weeks. Myo-inositol supplementation, compared with metformin, significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β −5.12 mg/dL; 95% CI, −8.09, −2.16; p=.001), serum insulin levels (β −1.49 µIU/mL; 95% CI, −2.28, −0.70; p<.001), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β −0.36; 95% CI, −0.55, −0.17; p<.001), serum triglycerides (β 12.42 mg/dL; 95% CI, −20.47, −4.37; p=.003) and VLDL-cholesterol levels (β −2.48 mg/dL; 95% CI, −4.09, −0.87; p=.003), and significantly increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β 0.006; 95% CI, 0.002, 0.01; p=.006) compared with metformin. Moreover, myo-inositol supplementation upregulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (p=.002) compared with metformin. Overall, taking myo-inositol, compared with metformin, for 12 weeks by women with PCOS had beneficial effects on glycemic control, triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol levels, and gene expression of PPAR-γ.

HORMONAL REGULATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND FAT METABOLISM IN WOMEN WITH DIFFERENT OBESITY TYPES IN THE FOOD DEPRIVATION TEST.

The dominant type of adipose tissue accumulation in the body is associated with the peculiarities of using key substrates in energy metabolism and their hormonal regulation. Hormonal and metabolic parameters were investigated in women with android and gynoid obesity before and after the short-term food deprivation test. At baseline, at gynoid obesity as compared to android obesity, the women's blood contained lower glucose and insulin levels and higher FFA levels. The reaction to food deprivation manifested by a decrease in glucose level and an increase in FFA level in the blood is less pronounced in women with gynoid obesity than in those with android obesity. At the same time, a similar (though varying in expression) decrease in insulin level and elevated levels of glucagon, growth hormone and thyroxine were revealed in women's blood in both groups. Blood cortisol level increased in women with gynoid obesity and remained unchanged in those with android obesity. More pronounced activation of hormonal mechanisms for maintaining blood glucose levels at gynoid obesity as compared to android one suggests that glucose is the preferable substrate for energy metabolism at gynoid obesity in women.

Tamoxifen Effects on the lipid profile in premenopausal women with Breast cancer: A follow up study

Background: Breast cancer composed of several biologic subtypes that have response to hormonal therapy. Tamoxifen is hormonal therapy with tissue- pecific antagonistic or agonist effects, the latter being responsible for multiple effects on lipid metabolism in women .&#x0D; Objective: This study was designed to determine the impact of Tamoxifen on the serum lipid profile in breast cancer women. &#x0D; Patients and methods: Prospective observation cohort study conducted at Oncology Teaching Hospital, Medical city complx.starting from October 2015 to October 2016. A total number of 40 premenopausal women with breast cancer were enrolled in this study according to inclusion criteria . Patients were followed for three months by the measurements TC, TG, HDL – cholesterol and BMI .&#x0D; Results: At the end of third months of hormonal therapy, Tamoxifen showed a significant decrease in TG, VLDL (p&lt; 0.001 for both). On the other side HDL and BMI showed significant increase over three months duration , (p = 0.001 and 0.006, respectively) .&#x0D; Conclusion: Beneficial alterations of lipid profiles were seen in pre-menopausal breast cancer patients treated with Tamoxifen.

Interaction between MTHFR 677C>T, PON1 192Q>R and PON1 55L>M polymorphisms and its effect on non-recurrent spontaneous abortion in Mexican women

MTHFR is a key enzyme in folate metabolism. Some genetic polymorphisms code for a less efficient enzyme, increasing serum concentrations of homocysteine. This has been associated with inadequate feto-maternal circulation and increased risk of spontaneous abortion. Paroxonase 1 (PON1) is a multifunctional enzyme that can detoxify homocysteine through its homocysteine thiolactonase activity. We evaluate the association between MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphisms and non-recurrent spontaneous abortion and its interaction with PON1 polymorphisms involved in homocysteine metabolism in women living in floricultural areas in Mexico. Sociodemographic, reproductive history, folic acid consumption during pregnancy and environmental exposure data of 264 women who had been pregnant sometime during the 10 years prior to study enrolment were collected. MTHFR 677 C>T, PON1 192Q>R and PON1 55L>M genotypes were determined by PCR amplification. Information on pregnancy outcome and maternal genotypes was obtained for 484 pregnancies: 34 non-recurrent spontaneous abortions (gestational age < 20 weeks) and 450 controls. GEE models were used to evaluate the association between MTHFR polymorphism and non-recurrent spontaneous abortion, and its interaction with PON1 polymorphisms.After adjusting for potential confounders, no significant association was found between the MTHFR 677 C>T maternal polymorphism and non-recurrent spontaneous abortion (OR CT vs CC= 0.39, 95% CI: 0.14-1.05; OR TT vs CC = 0.63, 95% CI: 1.22–1.80). No interactions with PON1 192Q>R or PON1 55L>M polymorphisms were identified (p for interaction = 0.88 and 0.41, respectively). PON1 55L>M maternal polymorphism was associated with higher risk of spontaneous abortion (OR LM/MM vs LL = 4.14, 95% CI: 1.49–11.54).Our results do not demonstrate an interaction between the MTHFR 677 C>T and PON1 192Q>R or PON1 55L>M maternal polymorphisms neither an independent association of MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphism with non-recurrent spontaneous abortion, whereas PON1 55LM/MM maternal genotype increase the odds of this event.

Adipose tissue and body composition in women six years after gestational diabetes: factors associated with development of type 2 diabetes

ABSTRACTFactors differentiating women at highest risk of progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are incompletely known. Our aim was to characterize adipose tissue and body composition in relation to glucose metabolism in women with a history of GDM and to identify factors associated with development of T2DM. We examined glucose tolerance (OGTT), insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR), body composition (anthropometry, air displacement plethysmography), and blood chemistry in 39 women 6 years after GDM. An adipose tissue biopsy was obtained to assess the size, number, and lipolytic activity of adipocytes, and adipokine release and density of immune cells and blood vessels in adipose tissue. Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) was identified in 31 women and impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) in 8. Women with IGM had higher BMI/fat mass, and related expected adipose tissue features, than women with NGT. Ethnicity was similar in the groups, but numerically there was a higher proportion of European women in the NGT group and a higher proportion of non-European women in the IGM group. BMI was the best discriminator of NGT versus IGM (multivariable logistic regression: OR = 1.34, P < 0.01). Waist-to-height ratio and adipocyte volume were most strongly associated with HOMA-IR (multivariable linear regression: R2 = 0.656, P < 0.001). After adjustment for BMI/ethnicity, women with IGM had increased serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, weight gain after index pregnancy, and a lower proportion of fat-free mass. These factors, together with high BMI, abdominal fat distribution, and enlarged adipocytes, may increase the risk of progression to T2DM after GDM.

Pericardial Fat Relates to Disturbances of Glucose Metabolism in Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, but Not in Healthy Control Subjects.

Objective The objective of the present study is to investigate the relationship of cardiac fat depots with disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism in women with PCOS. Methods An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was realized, and metabolic parameters were collected in 48 women with PCOS and in 20 controls. Intramyocardial fat (MYCL) and pericardial fat (PERI) were measured using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. Results Only in PCOS women, PERI was positively and independently related to parameters of glucose metabolism (HbA1c: p = 0.001, fasting plasma glucose: p < 0.001, stimulated glucose at 30 and 60 minutes in the OGTT). Thus, the disposition index, insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin also declined with the increase of PERI in women with PCOS; however, these results were not independent of BMI and age. In addition, PERI was positively related to atherogenic lipid profiles, BMI, waist circumference, CRP, and liver fat in women with PCOS. A negative relation of PERI with triglycerides and a positive relation with BMI and waist circumference could be observed in the controls. No relationship of MYCL with diabetes-specific parameters could be found in the study population. Conclusion PERI is related to metabolic disturbances in women with PCOS, but not in metabolically healthy lean subjects. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov and has the registration number NCT03204461.

The Association between Free Fatty Acid Level at Midpregnancy and Postpartum Glucose Intolerance in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Free fatty acid (FFA) is correlated with fetal growth during pregnancy and with neonatal fat mass in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, there are few studies between FFA level and postpartum glucose metabolism in women with GDM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between FFA level at mid-pregnancy and postpartum glucose intolerance in women with GDM. We enrolled 769 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM from February 2009 to October 2016. FFA levels (fasting and postprandial 2-h) were measured during 24-32 gestational weeks and 75-g OGTT was performed at 6-12 weeks after delivery. High FFA was defined by more than the median level of FFA at mid-pregnancy. Postpartum glucose intolerance was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 100 mg/dL or 2-h plasma glucose (2-h PG) ≥ 140 mg/dL. Mean age was 33.1 years and mean pre-pregnancy BMI was 22.4 kg/m2. The prevalence of postpartum glucose intolerance was 48.0% (n = 369). Although postprandial 2-h FFA level and FFA difference (between fasting and postprandial 2-h FFA) were not significantly different between two groups, women with postpartum glucose intolerance had higher fasting FFA level at mid-pregnancy than those with normal glucose tolerance (733.7 μEq/L vs. 700.6 μEq/L, P = 0.049). Compared to women with low fasting FFA, women with high fasting FFA had higher postpartum glucose intolerance (51.8% vs. 44.1%, P = 0.033). After adjustment for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, family history of diabetes, FPG, and lipid measures (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol), women with high fasting FFA were 1.47 times (95% CI 1.07-2.01) more likely to have postpartum glucose intolerance than those with low fasting FFA. In women with GDM, high fasting FFA level at mid-pregnancy is associated with elevated risk of postpartum glucose intolerance. Disclosure K. Kim: None. S. Kim: None. Y. Cho: None. S. Park: None.

Weight Gain and Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Women Are Predicted by Inefficient Subcutaneous Fat Cell Lipolysis

Adipocyte mobilization of fatty acids (lipolysis) is instrumental for energy expenditure. Lipolysis displays both spontaneous (basal) and hormone-stimulated activity. It is unknown if lipolysis is important for future body weight gain and associated disturbed glucose metabolism, and this was presently investigated in subcutaneous adipocytes from two female cohorts before and after ≥10-year follow-up. High basal and low stimulated lipolysis at baseline predicted future weight gain (odds ratios ≥4.6) as well as development of insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose/type 2 diabetes (odds ratios ≥3.2). At baseline, weight gainers displayed lower adipose expression of several established lipolysis-regulating genes. Thus, inefficient lipolysis (high basal/low stimulated) involving altered gene expression is linked to future weight gain and impaired glucose metabolism and may constitute a treatment target. Finally, low stimulated lipolysis could be accurately estimated invivo by simple clinical/biochemical measures and may be used to identify risk individuals for intensified preventive measures.

Impaired glucose metabolism is associated with tooth loss in middle-aged adults: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study 1966

AimWe investigated the association of impaired glucose metabolism with tooth loss in adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study 1966 (NFBC1966). MethodsWe examined 4394 participants from the 46-year follow-up of the NFBC1966. Self-reported number of teeth as well as insulin and glucose values, taken during a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), served as the primary study variables. A multinomial logistic regression model served to analyse (unadjusted, smoking-adjusted and fully adjusted) the association between number of teeth (0–24, 25–27, 28–32) and glucose metabolism in women and men. ResultsAmong women, type 2 diabetes – whether previously known or detected during screening – pointed to a higher likelihood of 0–24 teeth (fully adjusted OR = 2.99, 95%CI = 1.54–5.80) and 25–27 teeth (OR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.18–3.08) than did normal glucose tolerance. Similarly, impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance together indicated a higher likelihood of 0–24 teeth (OR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.09–2.69) than did normal glucose tolerance. A similar, statistically non-significant, pattern emerged among men. Number of teeth associated with OGTT insulin and glucose curves as well as with the Matsuda index in both women and men. ConclusionsTooth loss strongly associated with impaired glucose metabolism in middle-aged Finnish women.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POLYMORPHIC GENES OF FOLATE METABOLISM AND EARLY PREGNANCY LOSSES

Aim: to analyze the polymorphic genes of folate metabolism in women with history of non-developing pregnancy and in their embryos/fetuses in order to relate the genetic polymorphism with the risk of early pregnancy loss. Materials and methods. The main group consisted of 117 women with non-developing 1st trimester pregnancy; the comparison group included 117 women with no history of miscarriage, with physiological 1st trimester pregnancy and a normal fetal karyotype. By polymerase chain reaction in real time using DT-96 machine («DNA-technology», Russia) all women and embryos were analyzed for the following polymorphic variants: MTHFR 677 C>T, MTHFR 1298 A>C, MTRR 66 A>G, MTR 2756 A>G. Results. The women with non-developing pregnancy and chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus had a significantly higher occurrence of the MTR 2756G allele in comparison with women with non-developing pregnancy and a normal karyotype of the fetus. Conclusion. The 2756G allele of the polymorphic MTR 2756 A>G gene in women with non-developing pregnancy is associated with a chromosomal imbalance of their fetuses.

Estrogen biosynthesis in breast adipose tissue during menstrual cycle in women with and without breast cancer

Circulating estrogens fluctuate during the menstrual cycle but it is not known whether this fluctuation is related to local hormone levels in adipose tissue. We analyzed estrogen concentrations and gene expression of estrogen-regulating enzymes in breast subcutaneous adipose tissue in premenopausal women with (n = 11) and without (n = 17) estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Estrone (E1) was the predominant estrogen in premenopausal breast adipose tissue, and E1 and mRNA expression of CYP19A1 in adipose tissue correlated positively with BMI. Adipose tissue estradiol (E2) concentrations fluctuated during the menstrual cycle, similarly to the serum concentrations. In women with breast cancer median adipose tissue E1 (1519 vs. 3244, p < .05) and E2 (404 vs. 889 pmol/kg, p < .05) levels were lower in the follicular than in the luteal phase whereas in control women no significant differences were observed. In the follicular phase, mRNA expressions of HSD17B1 (median 0.06; interquartile range 0.05–0.07 vs. 0.17; 0.03–0.2, p = .010) and CYP19A1 (0.08; 0.07–0.14 vs. 0.22; 0.09–0.54, p = .025) were lower in women with breast cancer than in controls. In conclusion, the changes in adipose tissue E1 and E2 concentrations and the estrogen-regulating CYP19A1 and HSD17B1 during the menstrual cycle may be related to dysfunctional local estrogen metabolism in women with breast cancer.