Metabolic Syndrome Patients Research Articles

Systemic Lupus, Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiac Disease, and Peripheral Artery Disease

Systemic Lupus, Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiac Disease, and Peripheral Artery Disease

The Value of Visfatin in the Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Various studies have shown that visfatin may be connected to metabolic syndrome (MS). However, epidemiological studies yielded conflicting outcomes. The purpose of this article was to highlight the relationship between the plasma visfatin level and MS risk by conducting a meta-analysis of available literature. A comprehensive literature search of eligible studies was done up to January 2023. Data were presented as standard mean difference (SMD). Observational methodological meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationships between visfatin levels and MS. The visfatin levels between patients with MS or not were calculated by SMD and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model. Funnel plot (visually inspect publication bias), Egger's linear regression test and Begger's linear regression test were applied to describe the risk of publication bias. A sensitivity analysis was performed via sequentially omitting each of the study one by one. In total, 16 eligible studies comprising 1016 cases and 1414 healthy controls finally enrolled in the current meta-analysis for pooling meta-analysis. Overall, the meta-analysis results revealed that visfatin levels in MS patients were significantly greater than that of controls group (SMD: 0.60, 95% CI=0.18-1.03, I2=95%, p<0.001). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that gender did not affect the results of meta-analysis. This meta-analysis shed light on the fact that circulating visfatin levels were significantly higher in patients with MS than in the controls group. Visfatin may a chance to predict the occurrence of MS.

Hematological abnormalities and associated factors among metabolic syndrome patients at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected metabolic diseases. Hematological abnormalities are common but neglected complications of MetS. Thus, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of hematological abnormalities and their associated factors among MetS patients at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital from March to May 2022. A total of 384 MetS patients were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaires and checklists. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken, and blood sample was collected for complete blood count determination. Stool and blood film examinations were performed to detect intestinal and malaria parasites, respectively. Data were entered into EpiData 3.1 and analyzed by Stata 14.0 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with hematological abnormalities. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The magnitude of anemia, leukopenia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and thrombocytosis was found to be 13.3%, 0.5%, 2.9%, 1.6%, and 2.3%, respectively. Being male (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.14, 6.20), rural residency (AOR = 5.79, 95% CI: 1.72, 19.51), taking antihypertensive medications (AOR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.16, 12.78), having elevated triglyceride level (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.03, 4.75), and being overweight or obese (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.64) were significantly associated with anemia. Anemia was the most prevalent hematological abnormality identified in the present study, followed by leukocytosis and thrombocytosis. Anemia was a mild public health problem among MetS patients in the study area. Routine anemia screening for all MetS patients, especially for those with significant associated factors, may help in the early detection and effective management of anemia, which subsequently improves the patients' quality of life.

Role of HOMA-IR and IL-6 as screening markers for the metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic schizophrenia: a psychiatric hospital-based cross-sectional study.

This study starts from the metabolic related indexes and cellular inflammatory factors in patients with chronic schizophrenia to find out that it can be used as an effective screening index of metabolic syndrome. 320 patients with chronic schizophrenia (course of disease > 5years) and 165 healthy subjects were selected. The mental symptoms of the patients were measured by positive and negative syndrome scale. Blood samples from patients and healthy controls were collected to detect blood glucose, triglyceride, HDL and fasting insulin. The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined repeatedly by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of HOMA-IR, plasma inflammatory factors IL-2, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α in patient group were higher than those in healthy group. It was found that there were differences in age and related metabolic indexes between patients with chronic schizophrenia with and without metabolic syndrome. In addition, HOMA-IR, plasma cytokines IL-2 and IL-6 still showed differences between groups. In the Spearmen correlation analysis of insulin resistance index, cytokines and metabolic indexes, it was found that there was a significant correlation between HOMA-IR, IL-6 and related metabolic indexes and metabolic syndrome. ROC curve analysis showed that HOMAIR and IL-6 could be used as screening indexes for MS in male and female patients with schizophrenia.Metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic schizophrenia. HOMA-IR and IL-6 can be used as effective biological indicators to screen MS in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Metabolic syndrome in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary centre in North India: A five year follow up study

Background and aimsMetabolic syndrome (MS) is prevalent in the Indian population and has been traditionally linked to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its presence is now being increasingly recognized in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Presence of MS may increase the risk of diabetes related complications. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of MS in a cohort of patients with T1DM at baseline and at 5 years of follow up. MethodsLongitudinal cohort study in a tertiary care center in North India. Patients with T1DM attending the Diabetes of the Young (DOY) Clinic from January 2015 to March 2016 included. Microvascular and macrovascular complications assessed. The cohort was followed after a period of 5 years. ResultsWe included 161 patients (males, 49.4%) with a median (IQR) age of 23 (18–34) years and median (IQR) diabetes duration of 12 (7, 17) years. At baseline, 31 (19.2%) patients had MS. Patients with MS were more likely to have microvascular complications: retinopathy (p = 0.003), neuropathy (p = 0.02) and nephropathy (p = 0.04). Independent predictors of MS: insulin sensitivity (IS) (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.02 [95% CI, 0.003–0.118]), body weight (aOR 1.05 [95% CI, 1.007–1.108]), diastolic blood pressure (aOR 1.08 [95% CI, 1.01–1.15]) and duration of diabetes (aOR 1.09 [95% CI, 1.02–1.16]). On follow-up (n = 100), 13 (13%) had MS. ConclusionsOne in 5 patients with T1DM suffers from MS, and is therefore predisposed to its attendant risks, calling for early identification and targeted interventions.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Characteristics of components of metabolic syndrome in patients with diabetic kidney disease depending on the phenotype of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Hyperuricemia in metabolic syndrome.

Objective: To determine frequency of hyperuricemia among the patients having metabolic syndrome. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Indus Medical College, Tando Muhammad Khan. Period: 28-06-2021 till 28-12-2021. Material &amp; Methods: After informed consent, 246 cases of metabolic syndrome who met the inclusion criteria were included. Inclusion criteria were the known case of metabolic syndrome for more than six months, of age group 20 to 60 years and of either gender. Exclusion criteria were the non-consenting patients as well as the patients with history of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, gout, congestive cardiac failure, chronic renal failure, Post myocardial infarction, chronic liver disease, stroke, COPD &amp; Pregnancy. Data analyzed on IBM SPSS 22.0 and p value&lt; 0.05 taken as statistically significant. Results: Out of 246 patients mean age in our study was 40.80 years with the standard deviation of ±7. Mean FBS, triglycerides, HDL, SBP, DBP and waist circumference was 115.64±10.16 mg/dl, 144.7±10.43 mg/dl, 41.61±4.03 mg/dl, 168.5±4.16, 98.2±2.78 and 101±8.16 cm respectively. 93 (37.8%) were male and 153 (62.2%) were female. Out of 246 patients, 81 (32.9%) had hyperuricemia and 165 (67.1%) did not have hyperuricemia in patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: This study concluded that hyperuricemia is 32.9% common in metabolic syndrome patients.

Role of serum renalase levels in predicting the presence of metabolic syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

ObjectiveThis study was designed to compare the serum renalase levels of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women with and without metabolic syndrome (MS) and those of healthy non-PCOS women. Materials and methodsSeventy-two patients diagnosed with PCOS and age-matched 72 healthy non-PCOS were included in the study. The PCOS group was divided into two groups as having metabolic syndrome or not. General gynecological and physical examination findings and laboratory results were recorded. Renalase levels in serum samples were determined using Enyzme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay method. ResultsMean serum renalase level was significantly higher in PCOS patients with MS compared with both PCOS patients without MS and healthy controls. Additionally, serum renalase correlates positively with body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance values among PCOS women. However, systolic blood pressure was found to be the only significant independent factor that can affect the serum renalase levels. A serum renalase level of 79.86 ng/L had a sensitivity of 94.7% and specificity of 46.4% in discriminating PCOS patients with metabolic syndrome from healthy women. ConclusionsSerum renalase level increases in women with PCOS in the presence of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, monitoring the serum renalase level in women with PCOS can predict the metabolic syndrome that may develop.

The Conicity Index in Identification of Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome Patients at Increased Risk for Complications

The Conicity Index in Identification of Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome Patients at Increased Risk for Complications

High Serum High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) Levels are associated with presence of Metabolic Syndrome: Case-control study

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a complex series of metabolic defects, characterized by high levels of serum glucose, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia. The high mobility group AT-hook1, an architectural transcript factor, affects the homeostasis of glucose. No previous studies have been performed to examine whether HMGA1 can be secreted into the extracellular milieu. Objectives: this case-control study aimed to examine whether HMGA1 secretes into the extracellular milieu and compares its serum level in two groups of metabolic syndrome (with and without diabetes) and a control group composed of apparently healthy individuals of Iraqi population with different nationalities. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one patients with metabolic syndrome and thirty healthy Iraqi participants included in this study. Serum HMGA1 concentrations were determined by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Lipid profile, serum (glucose and insulin), HbA1c, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were also measured. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS software for Windows version 26.0. Results: Significant difference in HMGA1 level was seen (P = 0.000), between metabolic syndrome with diabetes, metabolic syndrome without diabetes and control group. Higher concentrations were seen in metabolic syndrome patients with diabetes followed by metabolic syndrome patients without diabetes and then the control group, and no significant difference was seen in the serum level based on nationality. Significant positive correlation was found between HMGA1 and fasting blood glucose (p=0.001) as well as between HMGA1 and HbA1c (p= 0.015) in patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover there was a significant association between HMGA1 levels and the risk of metabolic syndrome. The risk of metabolic syndrome was found to be increased by a high HMGA1 level, odds ratio (OR), 0.411 (95% CI, 0.208-0.813). Conclusions: This case-control study found that circulating HMGA1 concentration was significantly higher in Mets mainly in those with T2DM. Also, the high concentration of HMGA1 was found to present a significant risk of metabolic syndrome regardless of whether diabetes is present or not. Besides HMGA1 serum level was positively correlated with parameters of diabetes including HbA1c and FBG.

Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor in Latin American Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage (P14-5.032)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To analyze those risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. <h3>Background:</h3> Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a public health problem that generates high morbidity and mortality in Mexico and Latin America. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and ischemic stroke, but in ICH only the association between arterial hypertension and worse clinical outcomes is recognized. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Data from three, longitudinal multicenter, Latin American retrospective registries of cerebral vascular disease, with a total of 1130 subjects with ICH, were analyzed. To define the association of the different components of the metabolic syndrome with good prognosis, poor prognosis and death, logistic regression models were used and odd ratios (OR) were calculated according to the exponent of the resulting coefficient. Significant values when p&lt; 0.05. <h3>Results:</h3> In the univariate analysis for good prognosis, we identified an increased probability in patients with previous history of hypertension and smoking <b>(1.74 [1.09–2.92] p=0.024)</b> and <b>(1.43 [1.03–1.93] p=0.027)</b>, respectively. When assessing poor prognosis, only smoking history represented a protective factor (0.71 [0.53–0.96] p=0.030). Previous history of DM adjusted for metabolic syndrome and age was associated with an increased chance of reaching mRS 3–5 at discharge <b>(1.37 [1.02–1.83] P=0.032)</b> and <b>(0.38 [1.03–1.84] P=0.030)</b>respectively. Finally, only obesity was associated with an increased risk of death <b>(1.36 [1.05–1.76], P=0.017).</b> <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Metabolic syndrome factors in the Latino population play an important role in the functional prognosis of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Although hypertension is a risk factor, the fact of being hypertensive and having a previous management could predispose to a better prognosis. Diabetes mellitus itself predisposes to greater complications during hospitalization. Obesity is also attributed to be the cause of a worse functional status, as well as an unfavorable outcome due to the increase in morbidity and mortality. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Ayala Alvarez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Roque Sanchez has nothing to disclose. Dr. GOMEZ FIGUEROA has nothing to disclose. Omar Cardenas-Sanchez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jimenez-Ruiz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ruiz-Sandoval has nothing to disclose. Dr. Arauz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Serrano-arias has nothing to disclose.

Hormone Disorders And Its Correlation with Lipid Profile And Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Metabolic Syndrome Patients

Hormone Disorders And Its Correlation with Lipid Profile And Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Metabolic Syndrome Patients

Somatotype and morphological characteristics of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia and persons without mental disorders

Objective: identify differences or comparability of constitutional-morphological characteristics and indicators of the fatty constitution between patients with schizophrenia and people with MetS and without mental disorders.Materials and methods. We examined 63 patients with schizophrenia and MetS (25 women, 38 men), aged 30 [33;52], and 50 mentally healthy individuals with MetS (28 women, 22 men) aged 57 [49; 60]. The main criterion for inclusion in the study was the presence of a verified MetS according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Anthropometric examination was performed according to the method of V.V. Bunak (1941) with the underlying calculation of integral indices. The determination of the fat component included: measuring waist circumference; non-invasive bioimpedancemetry – body weight, BMI, total and visceral fat content; determination of the total fat fold (electronic caliper). In the blood serum, the concentration of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, TG was determined using standard commercial kits, the calculation of LDL and the Atherogenic Index.Results. Differences in the prevalence of the constitutional-morphological type and the type of somatic sexual differentiation were not established in the groups. The level of visceral fat and BMI were higher in mentally healthy individuals with MetS than in schizophrenic patients with MetS (p = 0.005 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Patients with schizophrenia and MetS had low serum glucose levels compared with individuals without mental disorders (p = 0.0001). An increase in the level of TG and the Atherogenic Index was found in patients with schizophrenia with MetS (p = 0.026 and p = 0.03, respectively), and the level of HDL was reduced (p = 0.022).Conclusion. The constitutional and morphological basis of MetS in patients with schizophrenia and persons without mental disorders is the same, however, changes in the fat constitution were determined for mentally healthy individuals. Changes in the lipid profile and glucose concentration may be associated with the presence of MetS-specific risk factors for patients with schizophrenia.

Hyperuricemia in acute coronary syndrome and its relation with metabolic syndrome

INTRODUCTION: High mortality and morbidity are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common form of cardiovascular disease. In humans, uric acid is produced as a byproduct of purine decomposition. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that high levels of blood uric acid are associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular disorders.&#x0D; AIMS &amp; OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present study are: To determine frequency of hyperuricemia in acute coronary syndrome. To compare frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients of acute coronary syndrome with and without hyperuricemia.&#x0D; MATERIAL &amp; METHODS: It was a cross sectional study. Patients admitted with Acute Coronary Syndrome to the Punjab Institute of Cardiology Lahore between March 20 and September 20 of 2016 were included in this study. A total of 200 patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome who fulfilled the study's inclusion criteria and provided written informed consent were included. The demographic and clinical characteristics of each patient were recorded in the appropriate sections of the proforma, as required by the operational definition.&#x0D; RESULTS: In our study, out of 200 cases of ACS, 26.5% were between 30-50 years of age while 73.5% were between 51-70 years. Mean age was calculated 54.24+8.91 years. There were 47.5% male and 52.5 females. Frequency of hyperuricemia in ACS was calculated as 29.5% and frequency of MetS in patients with ACS with and without hyperuricemia was recorded as 38.98% vs 19.15% with p value 0.003 showing a significant difference.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: After analyzing data, we came to the conclusion that the prevalence of hyperuricemia is much greater in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome, whereas the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is markedly higher in hyperuricemic cases compared to those without hyperuricemia.&#x0D; KEYWORDS: Acute coronary syndrome, hyperuricemia, metabolic syndrome

The Influence of Metabolic Factors in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis C Who Received Oral Antiviral Treatment.

Hepatic diseases pose a significant public health concern. Regardless of the severity of hepatic fibrosis, treatment is recommended for all chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) subjects. However, fibrosis and steatosis assessment remains crucial for evaluating the prognosis, progression, and hepatic disease monitoring, particularly following the treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of metabolic factors and the extent of hepatic fibrosis and fat accumulation in chronic HCV infection subjects. Additionally, another objective was to investigate modifications regarding fibrosis and steatosis three months after a successful sustained viral response (SVR). A total of 100 patients with compensated cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) were included in our study. These patients received treatment with DAA and underwent Fibromax assessment before and three months post SVR. After DAA treatment, a significant decrease was observed in the degree of hepatic fibrosis and hepatic steatosis. This regression was evident three months following the achievement of SVR. Chronic viral hepatitis C may trigger risk factors for metabolic syndromes, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: It is crucial to monitor metabolic factors and take timely measures to prevent or treat metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C.

Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Potential Molecular Connections.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and complications are often seen in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and affect their clinical management. Despite acceptable safety profiles and patient compliance, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), the mainstay of PCa treatment and chemotherapy, has increased cardiovascular risks and metabolic syndromes in patients. A growing body of evidence also suggests that patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions show an increased incidence of PCa and present with fatal forms of the disease. Therefore, it is possible that a molecular link exists between the two diseases, which has not yet been unraveled. This article provides insight into the connection between PCa and CVDs. In this context, we present our findings linking PCa progression with patients' cardiovascular health by performing a comprehensive gene expression study, gene set enrichment (GSEA) and biological pathway analysis using publicly available data extracted from patients with advanced metastatic PCa. We also discuss the common androgen deprivation strategies and CVDs most frequently reported in PCa patients and present evidence from various clinical trials that suggest that therapy induces CVD in PCa patients.

Upregulation of REL and WSB1 in patients with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome

Objective: A strong association exists between metabolic syndrome and psoriasis. The current study was performed to explore the gene regulation of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis. Methods: Patients were assessed for psoriasis and metabolic syndrome clinically (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure) and biochemically (lipid profile and fasting blood sugar concentration). Systemic gene regulation was first explored by microarray and analyzed using Transcriptome Analysis Console Software, after which two selected upregulated genes were further validated using polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed using independent sample t test. Results: The analysis showed 7,269 upregulated and 3 downregulated genes at a fold change of 2 and P value of &lt;0.05; only 17 genes were upregulated and none were downregulated at a fold change of 8 and P value of &lt;0.005. Comparison with 22 previously reported potential biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis showed that the levels of 16 biomarkers aligned with the gene regulation observed in the current study. In particular, the REL transcript was upregulated 12-fold (P = 8.16 × 10−17), while the WSB1 transcript was upregulated 9-fold (P = 9.87 × 10−13). Validation showed that REL was also upregulated 2-fold in the polymerase chain reaction, and its protein was expressed at 7.140 ng/mL versus undetectable levels in the cases (P = 0.048). However, WSB1 was upregulated 2-fold in the polymerase chain reaction compared with controls, and unexpectedly, its protein was undetectable in cases but detectable in controls (P = 0.018). Conclusion: The upregulation of REL and WSB1 was observed in patients with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome, the clinical application of REL and WSB1 as biomarkers needs further validation for potential future implications in clinical practice.

Metabolic Syndrome among Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Visiting Outpatient Department of a Tertiary care centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Metabolic syndrome; a constellation of obesity, hypertension, and disturbances of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism is a common phenomenon in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Systemic inflammation plays an important role in both conditions. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients visiting the outpatient Department of a tertiary care centre. A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the outpatient Department of Pulmonology and General Practice from 1 August 2019 to 31 December 2020. Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Committee [Registration number: 5/(6-11)E2/076/077]. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Among 57 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 22 (38.59%) (27.48-49.70, 90% Confidence Interval). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 6 (27.27%), 9 (40.90%), 6 (27.27%) and 1 (4.54%) respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar to the other studies done in similar settings. The screening of metabolic syndrome is necessary and stratification for cardiovascular disease risk is important for timely intervention to prevent and decrease morbidities and mortalities. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; c-reactive protein; metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic Syndrome among Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Visiting Outpatient Department of a Tertiary care centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional study.

Metabolic syndrome; a constellation of obesity, hypertension, and disturbances of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism is a common phenomenon in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Systemic inflammation plays an important role in both conditions. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients visiting the outpatient Department of a tertiary care centre. A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the outpatient Department of Pulmonology and General Practice from 1 August 2019 to 31 December 2020. Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Committee [Registration number: 5/(6-11)E2/076/077]. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Among 57 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 22 (38.59%) (27.48-49.70, 90% Confidence Interval). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 6 (27.27%), 9 (40.90%), 6 (27.27%) and 1 (4.54%) respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar to the other studies done in similar settings. The screening of metabolic syndrome is necessary and stratification for cardiovascular disease risk is important for timely intervention to prevent and decrease morbidities and mortalities. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; c-reactive protein; metabolic syndrome.