Metabolic Syndrome Subjects Research Articles

중년여성의 대사증후군과 폐경연령의 관계

Purpose: This study was attempted to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the age of menopause in middle-aged Korean women using data from The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Ⅸ-1, 2022). Method: The number of subjects was 1,337, and complex sample frequency, descriptive statistics, cross and logistic regression analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in subjects who adjusted for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics simultaneously did not show a significant relationship with menopausal age. Early menopause was significantly lower by 0.30 times in high school graduates and 0.28 times lower in those with low fasting blood sugar levels, and significantly increased by 6.75 times, 4.44 times, and 2.72 times in low, middle, and non-single-person households, respectively. Late menopause was found to significantly increase 2.28 times in those with an education level of elementary school or less, 4.93 times in those with low income level, 3.85 times in those with middle income, and 2.87 times in those without binge drinking. Conclusion: Interventions that takes into account those with low levels of education or income should be prepared to prevent premature or late menopause. To manage early menopause, fasting blood sugar levels must be managed and family and social attention must be maintained for middle-aged women. To manage late menopause, personal practice of maintaining appropriate drinking habits is necessary.

Evaluation Between Serum Concentrations of Lipocalin-2 and Metabolic Syndrome and its Components in Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese Individuals from Yanbian Area.

Objectives: To investigate the association between the blood concentration of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in local multiethnic residents and the increased risk for the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture population. Methods: A total of 2078 subjects with (study group) or without (control group) MS (1217 Korean-Chinese and 861 Han-Chinese subjects) were included in this study. MS subjects were divided into five groups according to ethnicity and MS components. They were assessed for smoking history, drinking history, past medical history, general demographic characteristics, and LCN2 concentrations. Results: LCN2 concentrations were higher in all ethnic MS groups than in the control group, and the highest concentrations were detected in Han-Chinese subjects with dyslipidemia. Moreover, LCN2 concentrations were significantly higher in Korean-Chinese individuals with all MS components than in the control group. Logistic regression analyses were conducted. In the unadjusted models, Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese individuals with high LCN2 concentrations both faced a risk of MS with odds ratios (ORs) of 2.339 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.632-3.352) and 1.523 (95% CI: 1.101-2. 108), respectively. After the adjustment, the risk only remained in Korean-Chinese individuals, with an OR of 1.818 (95% CI: 1.031-3.207). Conclusion: Elevated circulating LCN2 was associated with the increased incidence of MS, and the effect in Korean-Chinese individuals was stronger than that in Han-Chinese individuals.

The effects of MIND diet and propolis supplementation on metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled clinical trial

The MIND is a novel eating plan preserves cognitive function. Propolis is a resinous substance that has several biological and medicinal properties. This study examines the effect of the MIND diet and propolis supplementation on MetS indices among metabolic syndrome subjects. This RCT study, was conducted on adults with metabolic syndrome who were referred to the Hazrat Ali Health Center in Isfahan. 84 eligible subjects were divided into 3 groups. Including MIND diet + Propolis supplement, MIND diet + placebo, and control group. The data obtained from the subjects was analyzed in two descriptive and analytic levels. The Shapiro-Wilk test and examination of skewness were conducted to assess the normality of the distribution of quantitative variables. Quantitative variables were reported using either the mean (SD). SPSS Statistics software version 26 was used for statistical analysis of data. In this study the MIND + Propolis group compared to the control group after adjusting variables showed a significant decrease (p-value < 0.05) in weight, BMI, WC, SBP, DBP, and TG by 0.97 times (3%), 0.97 times (3%), 0.98 times (2%), 0.93 times (7%), 0.94 times (6%), and 0.75 times (25%), respectively; this significant change was also observed in FBS (p-value < 0.001) by 0.85 times (15%), and HDL-C (mg/dl) has shown a significant increase (p-value < 0.05) by 1.17 times (17%). MIND group compared to the control group after adjusting variables showed a significant decrease (p-value < 0.05) in BMI, WC, and SBP by 0.98 times (2%), 0.98 times (2%), and 0.95 times (5%), respectively; this significant change (p-value < 0.001) was also observed in DBP, FBS, and TG by 0.92 times (8%), 0.83 times (17%), and 0.71 times (29%), respectively; HDL-C has shown a significant increase (p-value < 0.001) by 1.21 times (21%), and weight has shown a non-significant decrease (p-value = 0.055) by 0.98 times (2%). This study indicated that the MIND diet + Propolis supplement and MIND diet compared to the control group can significantly decrease BMI, WC, SBP, DBP, FBS, TG, and weight (non-significant for the MIND group), and also increase HDL-C.

Sustained Release of Salicylic Acid for Halting Peri-Implantitis Progression in Healthy and Hyperglycemic Systemic Conditions: A Gottingen Minipig Model.

To develop a peri-implantitis model in a Gottingen minipig and evaluate the effect of local application of salicylic acid poly(anhydride-ester) (SAPAE) on peri-implantitis progression in healthy, metabolic syndrome (MS), and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects. Eighteen animals were allocated to three groups: (i) control, (ii) MS (diet for obesity induction), and (iii) T2DM (diet plus streptozotocin for T2DM induction). Maxillary and mandible premolars and first molar were extracted. After 3 months of healing, four implants per side were placed in both jaws of each animal. After 2 months, peri-implantitis was induced by plaque formation using silk ligatures. SAPAE polymer was mixed with mineral oil (3.75 mg/μL) and topically applied biweekly for up to 60 days to halt peri-implantitis progression. Periodontal probing was used to assess pocket depth over time, followed by histomorphologic analysis of harvested samples. The adopted protocol resulted in the onset of peri-implantitis, with healthy minipigs taking twice as long to reach the same level of probing depth relative to MS and T2DM subjects (∼3.0 mm), irrespective of jaw. In a qualitative analysis, SAPAE therapy revealed decreased levels of inflammation in the normoglycemic, MS, and T2DM groups. SAPAE application around implants significantly reduced the progression of peri-implantitis after ∼15 days of therapy, with ∼30% lower probing depth for all systemic conditions and similar rates of probing depth increase per week between the control and SAPAE groups. MS and T2DM conditions presented a faster progression of the peri-implant pocket depth. SAPAE treatment reduced peri-implantitis progression in healthy, MS, and T2DM groups.

IDF23-0175 Place of arterial hypertension in the metabolic syndrome in subjects with type 1 diabetes

IDF23-0175 Place of arterial hypertension in the metabolic syndrome in subjects with type 1 diabetes

Correlations of Estimated Serum Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein and Isoprostane with Metabolic Syndrome Criteria between Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Metabolic Syndrome Subjects in Selangor

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global healthcare burden associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis (ATH). The relationship between atherogenic lipoprotein and oxidative stress biomarkers with clinical risk factors of MetS have not been fully explored. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the correlation between small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL-c) and isoprostane (ISP) with MetS criteria and comparing these biomarkers between MetS and non-MetS. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 67 MetS and 43 non-MetS diagnosed by JIS criteria 2009. Demographic details and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Blood samples were collected to analyse serum plasma glucose, direct LDL, calculated sdLDL-c and ISP. Results: Mean serum sdLDL-c and ISP levels were significantly higher among those with MetS compared to non-MetS (1.14+0.44 mmol/L vs 0.87±0.38 mmol/L respectively, p=0.005). Similarly, mean serum ISP concentration was higher among MetS compared to non-MetS (884.40+602.69 ng/L vs 657.89±616.42 ng/L respectively, p= 0.054). sdLDL-c was positively correlated with TG in the MetS (Pearson correlation 0.501, p&lt;.001) whilst HDL-c was positively correlated with sdLDL-c among the non-MetS (Pearson Correlation 0.422, p&lt;.005). Conclusion: This study highlights the correlation between sdLDL-c and TG in among MetS, emphasizing the need to closely monitor and manage TG among this cohort to reduce the risk of ATH. It was also noted that HDL-c showed positive correlation with sdLDL-c among non-MetS. This discordant finding suggests that HDL-c itself may not be causally associated with cardiovascular benefits and that perhaps HDL-c subfractions may be a better approach to determine cardioprotective effects of HDL-c.

Comparison among the Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Ratios of Lipoproteins, Apolipoproteins and Cholesterol Retention Factor (CRF) inPatients with Metabolic Syndrome

Objective: To evaluate various lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein ratios among participants with and without metabolic syndrome.&#x0D; Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Naval Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan 2019 to Dec 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: We selected 164 patients with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed as per “NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome criteria”. Insulin resistance was calculated using Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Various apolipoproteins were calculated using the turbidimetric method on Humastar-200 and lipoproteins by direct detergent methods.&#x0D; Results: The differences for Apo-B/Apo-A1 were found to be higher among metabolic syndrome subjects [{Metabolic syndrome (n=83):0.55±0.22} vs {Non-Metabolic syndrome (n=81):0.50±0.29}, p=0.271]. Area Under Curve (AUC) was highest for the atherogenic index of plasma [0.744], followed by both total cholesterol/HDLc [0.641], Cholesterol Retention Factor (CRF) having [0.641], Apo-B/Apo-A1[0.593] and HDLc/LDLc [0.418].&#x0D; Conclusion: Differences between subjects with and without NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome were significant for the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), HDLc/LDLc, and Cholesterol Retention Factor (CRF).

Bone healing around implants placed in subjects with metabolically compromised systemic conditions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone healing of tight-fit implants placed in the maxilla and mandible of subjects compromised with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Eighteen Göttingen minipigs were randomly distributed into three groups: (i) control (normal diet), (ii) MS (cafeteria diet for obesity induction), (iii) T2DM (cafeteria diet for obesity induction + Streptozotocin for T2DM induction). Maxillary and mandibular premolars and molar were extracted. After 8 weeks of healing, implants with progressive small buttress threads were placed, and allowed to integrate for 6 weeks after which the implant/bone blockswere retrieved for histological processing. Qualitative and quantitative histomorphometric analyses (percentage of bone-to-implant contact, %BIC, and bone area fraction occupancy within implant threads, %BAFO) were performed. The bone healing process around the implant occurred predominantly through interfacial remodeling with subsequent bone apposition. Data as a function of systemic condition yielded significantly higher %BIC and %BAFO values for healthy and MS relative to T2DM. Data as a function of maxilla and mandible did not yield significant differences for either %BIC and %BAFO. When considering both factors, healthy and MS subjects had %BIC and %BAFO trend towards higher values in the mandible relative to maxilla, whereas T2DM yielded higher %BIC and %BAFO in the maxilla relative to mandible. All systemic conditions presented comparable levels of %BIC and %BAFO in the maxilla; healthy and MS presented significantly higher %BIC and %BAFO relative to T2DM in the mandible. T2DM presented lower amounts of bone formation around implants relative to MS and healthy. Implants placed in the maxilla and in the mandible showed comparable amounts of bone in proximity to implants.

Serum Levels of Myonectin Are Lower in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome and Are Negatively Correlated with Android Fat Mass.

Myonectin has shown beneficial effects on lipid regulation in murine models; therefore, it may have implications in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MS). We evaluated the relationship between serum myonectin and serum lipids, global and regional fat mass, intramuscular lipid content, and insulin resistance (IR) in adults with metabolic risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study in sedentary adults who were diagnosed with MS or without MS (NMS). Serum myonectin was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, lipid profile by conventional techniques, and free fatty acids (FFA) by gas chromatography. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and intramuscular lipid content through proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the right vastus lateralis muscle. IR was estimated with the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The MS (n = 61) and NMS (n = 29) groups were comparable in age (median (interquartile range): 51.0 (46.0-56.0) vs. 53.0 (45.5-57.5) years, p > 0.05) and sex (70.5% men vs. 72.4% women). MS subjects had lower serum levels of myonectin than NMS subjects (1.08 (0.87-1.35) vs. 1.09 (0.93-4.05) ng·mL-1, p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, fat mass index and lean mass index showed that serum myonectin was negatively correlated with the android/gynoid fat mass ratio (R2 = 0.48, p < 0.01), but not with the lipid profile, FFA, intramuscular lipid content or HOMA-IR. In conclusion, serum myonectin is lower in subjects with MS. Myonectin negatively correlates with a component relevant to the pathophysiology of MS, such as the android/gynoid fat mass ratio, but not with other components such as FFA, intramuscular fat or IR.

ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL METABOLIC FACTORS IN THE NORMOGLYCEMIC, PRE-DIABETIC, AND DIABETIC METABOLIC POPULATION

Background: The term "metabolic syndrome" (MetS) describes a collection of risk factors with metabolic origins that increase the chance of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diabetes is becoming more prevalent in underdeveloped countries, which challenges already limited health expenditures. Aim and Objective: To determine the burden of anthropometric and biochemical metabolic risk factors in normoglycemic, pre diabetics and diabetics metabolic population. Material and Methods: Study conducted in Physiology Department at RUHS College of Medical Sciences and associated hospital, Jaipur, after receiving the Ethical Clearance. The study's sample size was 300. Parameters recorded for data collection: anthropometric (Body Mass Index, Waist Hip Ratio), Blood pressure, biochemical (Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, Lipid profile parameters). Result: 300 metabolic syndrome subjects were divided into three groups based on their Fasting Blood Glucose level and HbA1C level according to the American Diabetes Association for Diabetes Classification as normal [79 (26.33%)], pre-diabetic [85 (28.33%)], and diabetic [136 (45.33%)].There was significant difference of mean values of age, Waist Hip Ratio, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Fasting Blood Glucose, HbA1C, total cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein, Low Density Lipoprotein and Triglyceride in three groups. Conclusion: According to the findings of the current study, the metabolic population of pre-diabetics and diabetics has a greater prevalence of metabolic risk factors. The metabolic risk factors grows when fasting blood glucose and HbA1C levels rise. It can also be said that these risk factors contribute to the onset of diabetes, which leads to metabolic syndrome.

Correlation between Fructose Consumption Habits and Insulin Resistance with TyG Index Biomarkers Manifesting Metabolic Syndrome at the Elderly Monjok Integrated Services Post (Posyandu)

Aims: This study aims to prove the relationship between the habit of consuming food and/or drinks containing fructose and the occurrence of insulin resistance which manifests as metabolic syndrome in subjects at the Elderly Monjok Integrated Service Post (Posyandu), Mataram City, Indonesia.&#x0D; Study Design: Observational study with a cross-sectional design.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Elderly Monjok Integrated Service Post (Posyandu), Mataram City, Indonesia from May to July 2022.&#x0D; Methodology: The study subjects were 48 people (10 men, 38 women, age range 45-90 years old). Fructose intake was collected using the 24 hours food recall method and assessed using the nutrisurvey software. Insulin Resistance is determined by the TyG Index method. Metabolic Syndrome is determined based on the parameter of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III).&#x0D; Results: The study results showed that 52.1% of the subjects at the Elderly Monjok Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) Mataram city had insulin resistance and 62.5% had metabolic syndrome. The Chi-Square test showed that there was a significant relationship between fructose consumption habits and the occurrence of insulin resistance (ˆP=0.000) and metabolic syndrome (P=0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: This study proves that there is a significant relationship between fructose consumption habits and the occurrence of insulin resistance which manifests as metabolic syndrome, on the subjects at the Elderly Monjok Integrated Service Post (Posyandu), Mataram City, Indonesia.

The Presence of Psoriasis, Metabolic Syndrome and Their Combination Increases the Serum Levels of CRP and CD5L but Not sCD200R1 and sTLR2 in Participants.

Psoriasis and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are chronic inflammatory conditions associated with the dysregulation of immune system reactivity. The inflammatory processes of both diseases have not yet been fully characterized, and the evaluation of proteins/markers that could be involved in their pathogenesis is of great importance. We selected four markers: CRP, sCD200R1, CD5L, and sTLR2; in particular, sCDR2001 has not yet been measured in the context of psoriasis and metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: In the study, 64 controls and 43 patients with psoriasis with or without a metabolic syndrome were enrolled. The levels of selected markers were measured using ELISA kits. Results: CRP levels were significantly higher in psoriasis patients, especially in the subgroup of patients with MetS compared to nonMetS patients (p < 0.01). sCD200R1 and sTLR2 were not significantly different between groups and subgroups; however, CD200R1 levels were slightly higher in both control groups compared to both groups of patients. CD5L levels were significantly higher in patients with MetS compared to nonMets patients (p < 0.02). We also evaluated the correlations between parameters in controls and patients’ groups, as well as in subgroups. Correlations between BMI and CRP were found in all groups and subgroups. Other correlations were group- and subgroup-specific. For example, in the patients’ group, CD5L correlated with sCD200R1 (p < 0.05) and in MetS controls, with age (p < 0.03). Conclusion: The results show that the presence of systemic inflammation associated with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome and their combination alters the expression of specific molecules, especially CRP and CD5L, which were significantly increased in patients with psoriasis and a metabolic syndrome compared to controls without metabolic syndromes. Correlations between CRP and BMI in all groups suggest that overweight and obesity increase the intensity of inflammation and potentiate CD5L expression. In contrast, levels of molecules that may limit inflammation were not increased in psoriasis and metabolic syndrome subjects (they were non-significantly lower compared with healthy controls), which may reflect the chronic nature of both diseases and the exhaustion of inhibitory mechanisms.

Modulatory effect of filarial infection on the systemic hormone levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome (DM-LF5).

Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a group of co-morbidities which include central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Previously, we reported that childhood lymphatic filariasis (LF) confers significant protection against type-1 and type-2 forms of diabetes, by means of immunomodulation. In the present study, we studied the effect of LF on endocrine dysfunction in MS and Non-MS patients in baseline and after 10 years of follow-up. We quantified the serum levels of pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon), incretins (Ghrelin, GIP and GLP-1) and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, visfatin, PAI-1 and resistin) by multiplex bead array system. MS (both LF- and LF+) subjects had increased insulin levels compared to NMS (both LF- and LF+) subjects. MS-LF+ subjects had significantly increased levels of glucagon, ghrelin, GIP and GLP-1 and decreased levels of adipsin, compared to MS-LF- subjects. Interestingly this effect was short-lived and was not seen in the follow-up samples. Overall, LF infection might confer limited short-term beneficial effects against MS, by means of modulating the incretin levels,either directly or indirectly.

Status of circulatory level of secreted frizzled related protein 4 in metabolic syndrome

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a set of metabolic disorders and is considered as a predictor of cardiovascular risks. The expression of several specific genes and the related protein products also show their significance in pathophysiology of Metabolic Syndrome. Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 4 is a product of expression of SFRP4 genes. SFRP4 has been linked with inflammatory responses quite similar to the responses as in metabolic syndrome pathogenesis. Aim: The current study aimed to assess the circulatory level of Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 4 among metabolic syndrome individuals. Method: Estimation of SFRP4 was done by ELISA technique by using Human SFRP4 ELISA kit (Make- Bioassay Technology Laboratory, Cat no- E2327Hu, Zeijhang, China). Results: Mean concentration of serum SFRP4 in Metabolic Syndrome subjects (2.06 ± 1.39 ng/ml) was significantly higher than the mean concentration of healthy controls (1.28 ± 1.29 ng/ml) (p&lt; 0.05 *). Conclusion: A significant correlation of serum SFRP4 level with Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c seen in the findings of this study puts on an extra contribution to consider this protein as a potential Biomarker for Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D and Perirenal Fat Thickness in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in Community.

BackgroundVisceral obesity is independently associated with hypovitaminosis D. Perirenal fat is a visceral fat type active in performing endocrine functions. However, the relationship between perirenal fat thickness (PrFT) and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and PrFT in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) in the community.MethodsFrom May to September 2020, 332 MS subjects in Qinfengyuan and Dongfang communities in Taiyuan City, China were enrolled in an MS survey. All the participants completed the questionnaire survey and physical examination, and their fasting blood samples were collected for biochemical examination. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed to measure the perirenal fat thickness.ResultsThe mean serum 25(OH)D level for the 332 MS subjects was 13.5 ng/mL, the proportions of vitamin D deficiency [serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL] and insufficiency [serum 25(OH)D = 20–29.9 ng/mL] were 60.8% (202) and 24.4% (81), respectively. Among the hypovitaminosis D [serum 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL] subjects, the prevalence of abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90cm for men and ≥ 80cm for women) is 61.1%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that lg25(OH)D was significantly and negatively associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (W), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), uric acid (UA)) and PrFT (all P<0.05), and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that PrFT and HOMA-IR were independently correlated with 25(OH)D.ConclusionIn screening MS patients, approximately 85% of the community MS patients in Taiyuan had hypovitaminosis D; in which 3/5 is abdominal obesity. PrFT is an independent risk factor for hypovitaminosis D in MS subjects.

Effective role of olive oil use on lipid profile, blood pressure and blood glucose in subjects of metabolic syndrome

Study was taken with an object to investigate the role of oil extracted from olives on lipid profile, blood pressure and glucose level in subjects having metabolic syndrome. A total of 115 subjects of metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation criteria, aged between 20-40 years were included. Lipid profile, blood pressure and fasting glucose levels were performed at base line. 30ml of olive oil per day in divided doses 15 ml in the morning and 15 ml in the evening was given to these subjects for six weeks. Then lipid profile, blood pressure and fasting glucose level were performed and compared with base line values. Significant decrease was observed in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol, all P values &lt; 0.01. Nonsignificant low level of fasting blood sugar was observed. Significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at P value &lt; 0.01 was observed. It is concluded that use of olive oil caused improvement in lipid profile and blood pressure measurement in metabolic syndrome subjects significantly while nonsignificant decrease was observed in fasting blood glucose.

N- terminal pro brain natriuratic peptide (nt-probnp) in apparently healthy subjects compared to metabolic syndrome subjects

Background and objectives: B –type natriuretic peptide is synthesized in myocardial cells to respond to increased wall stress in association with heart failure or acute myocardial ischemia. High B –type natriuretic peptide and high Nt-pro B –type natriuretic peptide levels are candidates for cardiovascular risk markers and hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and albuminuria. The level and relation of Nt-pro B –type natriuretic peptide with metabolic syndrome was examined in this study. Methods: In this case-control investigation, level of Nt-pro B –type natriuretic peptide of 80 metabolic syndrome patients diagnosed based on the International Diabetes Federation guidelines was compared to its level in 40 healthy controls. The subjects who accompanied the diabetic patients at Duhok Diabetes Center were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria between the first March and May 2019. Results: The concentrations of triglyceride (215.09 vs. 104.02 mg/dL), total cholesterol (179.68 vs. 162.75mg/dL), and fasting blood glucose (188.71 vs. 88.08 mg/dL) were significantly higher in metabolic syndrome patients compared to the healthy controls, respectively. Nt-pro B –type natriuretic peptide was significantly lower in patients in contrast with healthy individuals (35.00 vs. 46.00 pg/mL), respectively. However, the proBNP level was not significantly different in metabolic syndrome patients with normal and abnormal biochemical parameters. Conclusions: This study showed a significantly lower concentration of Nt-proBNP in metabolic syndrome compared to healthy controls. However, the study did not find a significant correlation with content of metabolic syndrome.

Species- and strain-level assessment using rrn long-amplicons suggests donor’s influence on gut microbial transference via fecal transplants in metabolic syndrome subjects

ABSTRACT Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is currently used for treating Clostridium difficile infection and explored for other clinical applications in experimental trials. However, the effectiveness of this therapy could vary, and partly depend on the donor’s bacterial species engraftment, whose evaluation is challenging because there are no cost-effective strategies for accurately tracking the microbe transference. In this regard, the precise identification of bacterial species inhabiting the human gut is essential to define their role in human health unambiguously. We used Nanopore-based device to sequence bacterial rrn operons (16S-ITS-23S) and to reveal species-level abundance changes in the human gut microbiota of a FMT trial. By assessing the donor and recipient microbiota before and after FMT, we further evaluated whether this molecular approach reveals strain-level genetic variation to demonstrate microbe transfer and engraftment. Strict control over sequencing data quality and major microbiota covariates was critical for accurately estimating the changes in gut microbial species abundance in the recipients after FMT. We detected strain-level variation via single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) at rrn regions in a species-specific manner. We showed that it was possible to explore successfully the donor-bacterial strain (e.g., Parabacteroides merdae) engraftment in recipients of the FMT by assessing the nucleotide frequencies at rrn-associated SNVs. Our findings indicate that the engraftment of donors’ microbiota is to some extent correlated with the improvement of metabolic health in recipients and that parameters such as the baseline gut microbiota configuration, sex, and age of donors should be considered to ensure the success of FMT in humans. The study was prospectively registered at the Dutch Trial registry – NTR4488 (https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/4488).

P364 IMPORTANCE OF URIC ACID THRESHOLD IN ITS CORRELATION WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

Abstract Background The relationship between Hyperuricemia and Cardiovascular risk has been established but whether or not a correlation between Serum Uric Acid (SUA) and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) exists is still a matter of debate. Indeed whether SUA level is part of MS diagnosis or just a pure marker of an unfavourable metabolic profile has not been demonstrated. Besides it’s unknown whether SUA’s addition to MS definition makes a difference in terms of prognosis. In our study we focused on evaluating in a group of hypertensive patients, the correlation between MS diagnosis and SUA defined with two different cut–off: 1) ≥6 mg/dL for women and ≥7 for men (classic cut–off); 2) &amp;gt;5.6 mg/dL for both sexes (recently proposed by the URRAH Project). Methods We enrolled 473 Hypertensive patients followed by the Hypertension Unit of San Gerardo Hospital (Monza, Italy), in which SUA was measured. Patients with Hyperuricemia were identified according to the two different thresholds. NCEP–ATP–III criteria were used for diagnosis of MS. Results MS was diagnosed in 33.6% while Hyperuricemia was found in 14.8% of subjects according to the traditional cut–off and 35.9% according to URRAH study’s cut–off. Hyperuricemia and MS coexist in 9.7% (traditional cut–off) and 17.3% (URRAH’s threshold) of the population. Hyperuricemia was more frequent in MS than in non–MS subjects (29 vs 7.6%, p–value&amp;lt;0.0001 for cut–off 6/7 mg/dL and 51.6 vs 28.0%, p–value&amp;lt;0.0001 for cut–off 5.6 mg/dL). Linear regression models showed that SUA is related to MS diagnosis (β = 1.597, p–value&amp;lt;0.0001). At logistic analysis Hyperuricemia was strongly related to MS when defined by the HURRAH‘s cut–off (OR = 0.303, p–value&amp;lt;0.0001). The same relation is weak, although significan, when Hyperuricemia was defined by the classic cut–off (OR = 0.182, p–value&amp;lt;0.0001). Conclusions Hyperuricemia is related with MS diagnosis especially when defined by the recently defined cut–off of 5.6 mg/dL.

Association of serum high-sensitivity creactive protein level with metabolic syndrome

Background – Metabolic syndrome is considered as pro inflammatory state, measurement of hsCRP might help in the prediction of onset of CVD. We analyzed the association of serum hsCRP level with metabolic syndrome. Methods- the study included the 140 diagnosed case of metabolic syndrome (Men= 81, Women= 5). We measured the fasting glucose, fasting lipid panel &amp; serum hsCRP level. Serum hsCRP level was compared with the components of metabolic syndrome. Results- High level of hsCRP was found in both men (67.9 %) &amp; women (66.1%) with metabolic syndrome. The most common components of metabolic syndrome were abdominal obesity in women, while high TG, hypertension &amp; low HDL-C was common in men. hsCRP level was found to be significantly increased in metabolic syndrome subjects with diabetes mellitus and obesity. In addition, hsCRP was significantly increased with increasing the number of components of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion- Measurement of hsCRP level indicates the inflammation associated with obesity &amp; diabetes mellitus that might be explained the increasing the risk for development of cardiovascular disease.