Metabolic Activity Of Bacteria Research Articles

Evaluating The Addition of Fine Particles To Enhance Oil Degradation

ABSTRACT Natural biodegradation rates of oil within the marine environment are partly controlled by surface availability, as microbial attack primarily occurs at the oil-water interface. Therefore, increasing the surface area of residual oil by the addition of fine oleophilic particles may prove to be an effective bioremediation strategy. Considering commercial availability and cost, heat-treated peat was identified to be a promising particle source as it has high oil absorption properties and does not compete with oil as an alternative carbon source to oil-degrading bacteria. A preliminary laboratory experiment conducted with a respirometry system demonstrated the feasibility of nutrient and peat additions to enhance the metabolic activity of bacteria within oil-contaminated sand beach sediments. Field trials were conducted with similar peat and nutrient concentrations in a north-temperate beach environment with weathered Scotian Light crude oil over a 138-day period. The rates of microbial respiration and productivity were enhanced significantly above unoiled and oiled control sediments with the addition of inorganic nutrients with and without peat amendments. Treatment of sediments with inorganic nutrients and peat did not increase the toxicity of the residual oil. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis was used to quantify bioremediation success by normalizing the loss of individual components to the conserved marker 17?(H), 21?H)-hopane. While there is evidence of a stimulatory effect with the addition of peat, results suggest that nutrient availability in the interstitial water limited optimal rates of oil bioremediation.

The influence of biocides on the microbiologically influenced corrosion of mild steel and brass

The role of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the anaerobic corrosion of mild steel and brass was studied. Culture-media containing sulfide of biogenic and of chemical origin was used to see the effect of metal-sulfide layers developed in different ways. Biocides with different efficiency were used to inhibit metabolic activity of bacteria. Polarization resistances and open circuit potentials were recorded followed by potentiostatic polarization measurements on the metal samples to get information on corrosion rates and the mechanism of corrosion processes. An atomic force microscope was used to image the topography of sulfide layers.

Bacterial activity in sea ice and open water of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica: A microautoradiographic study

Metabolic activity of bacteria was investigated in open water, newly forming sea ice, and successive stages of pack ice in the Weddell Sea. Microautoradiography, using [(3)H]leucine as substrate, was compared with incorporation rates of [(3)H]leucine into proteins. Relation of [(3)H]leucine incorporation to the biomass of active bacteria provides information about changes of specific metabolic activity of cells. During a phytoplankton bloom in an ice-free, stratified water column, total numbers of bacteria in the euphotic zone averaged 2.3 × 10(5) ml(-1), but only about 13% showed activity via leucine uptake. Growth rate of the active bacteria was estimated as 0.3-0.4 days(-1). Total cell concentration of bacteria in 400 m depth was 6.6 × 10(4) ml(-1). Nearly 50% of these cells were active, although biomass production and specific growth rate were only about one-tenth that of the surface populations. When sea ice was forming in high concentrations of phytoplankton, bacterial biomass in the newly formed ice was 49.1 ng C ml(-1), exceeding that in open water by about one order of magnitude. Attachment of large bacteria to algal cells seems to cause their enrichment in the new ice, since specific bacterial activity was reduced during ice formation, and enrichment of bacteria was not observed when ice formed at low algal concentration. During growth of pack ice, biomass of bacteria increased within the brine channel system. Specific activity was still reduced at these later stages of ice development, and percentages of active cells were as low as 3-5%. In old, thick pack ice, bacterial activity was high and about 30% of cells were active. However, biomass-specific activity of bacteria remained significantly lower than that in open water. It is concluded that bacterial assemblages different to those of open water developed within the ice and were dominated by bacteria with lower average metabolic activity than those of ice-free water.

Comparative Study of Metabolic Activities of Bacteria in Three Ecoregions of the Colorado Front Range, U.S.A.

Comparative Study of Metabolic Activities of Bacteria in Three Ecoregions of the Colorado Front Range, U.S.A.

Comparative Study of Metabolic Activities of Bacteria in Three Ecoregions of the Colorado Front Range, U.S.A.

A comparative study of the bacteria occurring in soils of montane grasslands, montane forests, subalpine forests, and alpine tundra habitats was conducted to ascertain the types of bacterial metabo...

Metabolic activity of bacteria in the river Danube in a year cycle

Metabolic activity of bacteria in the river Danube in a year cycle

Comparative studies on metabolic activity of planktonic, benthic and epiphytic bacteria

Differences have been noted in metabolic activity of bacteria isolated from water, mud and from Canadian pondweed (Elodea canadensis).

The influence of microbial contamination of fresh and washed beetroot disks on their capacity to absorb phosphate

When plant storage tissue is cut into thin disks it rapidly develops a high capacity to absorb phosphate from dilute solutions. The recent trend has been to attribute the development of this ability to the increased metabolic activity of bacteria known to be containing the tissue. Data presented in this paper shows that bacterial contamination of the tissue does contribute to the apparent uptake of phosphate by the disks. However, during the ageing process the number of bacteria decrease and therefore contribute less to the total uptake in the aged tissue. If the tissue is prepared and maintained in a sterile condition it is still able to develop a high capacity for phosphate absorption during ageing.

微生物の代謝に対するストレプトマイシンの作用

微生物の代謝に対するストレプトマイシンの作用

INFLUENCE OF AERATION ON METABOLIC ACTIVITIES OF BACTERIA

Proceedings of the Society for Applied BacteriologyVolume 8, Issue 1 p. 13-17 INFLUENCE OF AERATION ON METABOLIC ACTIVITIES OF BACTERIA L. A. ALLEN, Water Pollution Research Laboratory, Langley Road, Watford, HertsSearch for more papers by this authorG. E. EDEN, Water Pollution Research Laboratory, Langley Road, Watford, HertsSearch for more papers by this author L. A. ALLEN, Water Pollution Research Laboratory, Langley Road, Watford, HertsSearch for more papers by this authorG. E. EDEN, Water Pollution Research Laboratory, Langley Road, Watford, HertsSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1946 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1946.tb04015.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume8, Issue1February 1946Pages 13-17 RelatedInformation

THE BEHAVIOUR OF RESAZURIN IN MILK

The view that resazurin is not a satisfactory substitute for methylene blue in assessing the hygienic quality of milk has been examined.Resazurin is equally as sensitive as methylene blue to the metabolic activities of bacteria in milk. It is decidedly more sensitive to the presence of non-bacterial factors in abnormal milks (mastitis, late lactation, etc.) and therefore furnishes a more comprehensive index of the true quality of the milk.Potentiometric studies with a wide variety of milks have failed to support the view that resazurin exerts such a strong poising action in market milks as to complicate the test or interfere with the interpretation of results. No evidence was obtained in support of the claim that differences in poising properties of different milks are of sufficient magnitude to affect the results of the test.

Metabolic Activities of Escherichia coli in a Synthetic Medium

Recent studies by Martin Mooney and Winslow, and Clifton,, on the metabolic activities of bacteria indicate that the rate of metabolic activity per cell varies widely at various phases of the growth-cycle. The maximal oxygen-consumption, carbon dioxide-production or ferricyanide-reduction per cell per unit-time was noted near the end of the lag-period of growth and could be only in part explained by increased cellular size during the same period of growth. The metabolic activities per unit-volume of the cultures, as measured by the above indices, reached maximal values near the end of the logarithmic period of growth and then decreased rapidly as the age of the cultures increased. Peptone or other complex media were employed in these studies. The present paper reports the influence of the concentration of lactic acid (sodium salt) on the oxygen-consumption, carbon dioxide-production and growth of Escherichia coli (K-12) in an inorganic medium of the following composition: NH4Cl, 5.0 gm.; Na2SO4, 2.0 gm.; MgSO4, 0.1 gm.; K2HPO4, 3.0 gm.; KH2PO4, 1.0 gm.; FeCla (0.5% solution), 0.5 ml.; CaCl2 (0.5% solution), 0.5 ml.; distilled water to make 1000 ml. Oxygen-consumption was measured by the usual Warburg technic and carbon dioxide-production by the technic described by Walker. All tests were carried out at 37.5°C. The influence of the concentration of lactic acid on the growth of Esch. coli, as measured with the aid of a photoelectric turbidimeter (Clifton), is illustrated in Fig. 1, A. Concentrations of sodium lactate greater than 0.1 N markedly inhibited the growth of this organism. The influence of 4 different initial concentrations of lactic acid on the oxygen-consumption of Esch. coli is illustrated in Fig. 1, B, in which cubic millimeters of oxygen consumed per minute per millimeter of the cultures is plotted against time in hours.

Oxygen Consumption of Peptone Cultures of Escherichia coli.

Recent studies by Martin, Winslow and co-workers and Clifton on the metabolic activities of bacteria indicate that the rate of metabolic activity per cell varies widely at various phases of the growth cycle. The maximal oxygen-consumption, carbon dioxide-production or ferricyanide-reduction per cell per unit time was noted near the end of the lag-period of growth and could only in part be explained by increased cell-size during the same period of growth. Total oxygen-consumption, carbon dioxide-production or ferricyanide-reduction per unit time reached maximal values near the end of the logarithmic period of growth and then decreased rapidly as the age of the cultures increased. The present paper reports the influence of peptone- and of oxygen-concentration on the oxygen-consumption, as measured by Warburg's technic, of cultures of Escherichia coli at 37.5°C. The oxygen-consumption per cell reached maximal values during the latter part of the lag-period, over a wide concentration range of either peptone or of oxygen. The rate of growth increased slightly as the concentration of peptone was increased from 1.0 to 10% while the total crop was increased approximately 4 times. All cultures were inoculated with the same initial numbers of bacteria. The oxygen-consumption of the cultures varied widely with the age of the cultures and with concentrations of peptone or of oxygen. Typical results are reported in Table I. The amounts of oxygen consumed per milliliter of the cultures during the first 10 hours were approximately 430 cu. mm. in 1.0% peptone, 2400 cu. mm. in 5% and 3300 cu. mm. in 10% peptone cultures of Esch. coli. A marked immediate increase in oxygen-consumption was observed in 24-hour cultures in 1.0% peptone following the addition of small amounts of concentrated solutions of peptone.