espanolObjetivo: dar a conocer la evidencia cientifica acerca del uso de la dieta mediterranea como dietoterapia de la insuficiencia renal cronica con el fin de reducir el riesgo de complicaciones asociadas a la enfermedad. Metodos: se llevo a cabo una revision narrativa entre mayo de 2019 y abril de 2020. Se realizaron busquedas bibliograficas en PubMed, LILACS, MEDES, SCIELO, Cochrane Library, Health System Evidence, Guia Salud, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), y la Biblioteca virtual del Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS). Se usaron distintos meta-buscadores: SUMSearch, Epistemonikos, Turning Research Into Practice (Trip) y National Health Service (NHS). Criterios de inclusion: revisiones sistematicas, estudios originales y guias de practica clinica, que abordaran el tema de la dieta mediterranea como dietoterapia en la insuficiencia renal cronica en adultos. Publicadas en los ultimos cinco anos, sin limite de idioma. Resultados: se localizaron 544 documentos, se seleccionaron 26, se incluyeron en la revision siete (tras cribado en funcion de los criterios de inclusion y la calidad de la evidencia). La dieta mediterranea tiene propiedades capaces de reducir la presion arterial, aumentar el filtrado glomerular y mejorar el perfil lipidico, asi como controlar la glucosa en sangre de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal cronica. Discusion: la evidencia sobre el tema es escasa. La dieta mediterranea es capaz de reducir las comorbilidades asociadas a la insuficiencia renal cronica. Sin embargo, es necesario seguir investigando en este campo. EnglishObjective: to make public the scientific evidence about the use of the Mediterranean Diet as diet therapy for Chronic Renal Failure, with the aim to reduce the risk of disease-related complications. Methods: a narrative review was conducted between May, 2019 and April, 2020. Bibliographic searches were conducted in PubMed, LILACS, MEDES, SCIELO, Cochrane Library, Health System Evidence, Guia Salud, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and the Virtual Library of the Andalusian Health Service (SAS). Different metasearch engines were used: SUMSearch, Epistemonikos, Turning Research Into Practice (Trip) and National Health Service (NHS). Inclusion criteria: systematic reviews, original studies, and clinical practice guidelines, addressing the subject of Mediterranean Diet as diet therapy for Chronic Renal Failure in adult patients, published during the last five years, no language limitations. Results: in total, 544 documents were retrieved, 26 were selected, and seven were included in the review (after screening based on the inclusion criteria and the quality of evidence). The Mediterranean Diet has properties able to reduce blood pressure, increase glomerular filtration, and improve the lipid profile, as well as to control the blood glucose in patients with Chronic Renal Failure. Discussion: there is limited evidence about this subject. The Mediterranean Diet is able to reduce the comorbidities associated with Chronic Renal Failure; however, further research is required in this area.