Metadata Application Research Articles

Interoperable Metadata Application Profile Framework (IMAP)

Interoperable Metadata Application Profile Framework (IMAP)

The Role of PREMIS Preservation Metadata in Information Management in Virtual Museums

Through application of novel information technologies, virtual museums try to deliver the data to their users in any form and at any time that this requires information and resource management. Therefore, the use of metadata that is in accordance with novel technologies is necessary in main virtual environments. Each of the metadata has distinct responsibilities and can cooperate and have complementary roles along with others and through expressing museum objects characteristic, metadata describes them in a systematic way. The standard PREMIS preservation metadata maintenance schema, which is based on XML, has been developed in order to record metadata related to maintaining information resource in digital packages. In other words, this metadata provides the possibility of self documentation for digital data. This standard schema suggests an aggregate of kernel and application metadata elements. Every digital package should be aware of this aggregate in order to preserve its resources in long-term. Findings indicate that PREMIS preservation metadata has a determining role in optimal information management in virtual museums.

Malware detection by applying knowledge discovery processes to application metadata on the Android Market (Google Play)

Recent smartphone platforms based on new operating systems, such as iOS, Android, or Windows Phone, have been a huge success in recent years and open up many new opportunities. Unfortunately, 2011 also showed us that the new technologies and the privacy-related data on smartphones are also increasingly interesting for attackers. Especially, the Android platform has been the favorite target for malware, mainly because of the openness of the platform, the ability to install applications from other sources than the Android Market, and the significant gains in market share. Although the processes of detecting and analyzing malware are well known from the PC world, where the arms race between attackers and defenders has continued for the past 15years, they cannot be directly applied to smartphone platforms because of differences in the hardware and software architectures. In this paper, we first give an overview of the current malware situation on smartphone platforms with a special focus on Android and explain relevant malware detection and analysis methods. It turns out that most of the current malware relies on the installation by the user, who represents the last line of defense in malware detection. With these conclusions, we then present a new malware detection method that focuses on the information that the user is able to see prior to the installation of an application-the metadata within the platform's software market. Depending on the platform, this includes the application's description, its permissions, the ratings, or information about the developer. To analyze these data, we use sophisticated knowledge discovery processes and lean statistical methods. By presenting a wide range of examples based on real application metadata extracted from the Android Market, we show the possibilities of the new method. With the possibilities, we argue that it should be an essential part of a complete malware analysis/detection chain that includes other well-known methods such as network traffic analysis, or static, or dynamic code inspection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Panel: Maximizing the usage of value vocabularies in the linked data ecosystem

The creation of knowledge organization systems (KOS) such as taxonomies, thesaurus, ontologies, and name authorities involve tremendous intellectual efforts. With the rapid development of Linked Data, KOS's functioning as value vocabularies has become fundamental in interlinking the values of discrete datasets. How to build on the existing value vocabularies and maximize their usage is a critical issue and directly relates to the cost-effectiveness and the sustainability of a vocabulary as well as the datasets using it. This panel will focus on maximizing the usage of existing value vocabularies around the life-cycle of a vocabulary in the Linked Data Ecosystem, including: (1) Transforming a subject heading vocabulary into a schema fully compatible with machine processing while also being easier to understand; (2) Using other Linked Data vocabularies to enrich and add details to each of the terms in a value vocabulary; (3) Managing and sharing KOS through registries and microdata using a metadata application profile; and (4) Designing and developing tools to connect Meaningful Concept Displays (MCDs) to multiple KOS and search systems, focusing on visualization approaches and new browsing styles.

State of the art on methodologies for the development of a metadata application profile

State of the art on methodologies for the development of a metadata application profile

Several Factors of Library Publishing Services Facilitate Scholarly Communication Functions

Objective – To identify and examine the factors of library publishing services that facilitate scholarly communication.
 
 Design – Analysis of library publishing service programs.
 
 Setting – North American research libraries.
 
 Subjects – Eight research libraries selected from the signatories for the Compact for Open-Access Publishing Equity (COPE) Cornell University Library’s Center for Innovative Publishing; Dartmouth College Library’s Digital Publishing Program and Scholars Portal Project; MIT Libraries’ Office of Scholarly Publishing and Licensing; Columbia University Libraries’ Center for Digital Research and Scholarship; University of Michigan Library’s Scholarly Publishing Office; Duke University Library’s Office of Scholarly Communications; University of Calgary Libraries and Cultural Resources’ Centre for Scholarly Communication; and Simon Fraser University Library’s Scholarly Publishing.
 
 Methods – The authors used Roosendaal and Geurt’s (1997) four functions of scholarly communication to analyze and categorize library publishing services provided by libraries included in the study. The four functions of scholarly communication include registration, certification, awareness, and archiving.
 
 Main Results – Analysis of the registration functions provided by library publishing services in this study revealed three types of facilitating factors: intellectual property, licensing, and publishing. These include services such as repositories for digital scholarly work and research, ISBN/ISSN registration, and digital publishing. Analysis of archiving functions demonstrated that most programs in the study focus on repository-related services in support of digital content preservation of papers, datasets, technical reports, etc. Analysis of certification functions provided by these services exposed a focus on expert review and research support. These include services like professional assessment of information sources, consultation on appropriate literature and information-seeking tools, and writing or copyright advisory services. Analysis of awareness function showed search aids and knowledge-sharing platforms to be the main facilitating factors. These include services like metadata application, schema, and standards or scholarly portals enabling knowledge-sharing among scholars.
 
 Conclusion – This study identified several services offered by these library publishing programs which can be categorized as facilitators under Roosendaal and Geurt’s (1997) four functions of scholarly communication. The majority of the libraries in the study treated library publishing services as part of broader scholarly communication units or initiatives. Digital publishing (registration function) was offered by all programs analyzed in the study, while traditional peer-review services (certification function) were not. Widely adopted among programs in the study were the use of social networking tools (awareness function) and self-publishing (archiving function). The authors recommend developing services that facilitate peer review and assert the need to provide a knowledge-sharing mechanism within the academic community that facilitates the scholarly communication process.

On cultural heritage metadata

The management of cultural heritage metadata is a multifaceted process depending on the diversity and heterogeneity of the cultural objects, the structure of their collections and the information needs of the communities that generate, access and study them. This paper reports the results derived from the special track on metadata and semantics for cultural collections and applications, which was a part of the 5th International Conference on Metadata and Semantic Research (MTSR 2011), held in Yasar University, Izmir, Turkey, 12-14 October 2011.

The Study of DC Metadata Application in the Library Database Construction of Gansu Normal College for Nationalities

With the development and wide application of computer and network technique, building digital and internet database has already become a trend, therefore how to manage and make use of the database resources becomes more and more important. Unlike the common text file, the modern database resources are multi-media files, which are not easy to be described and found, therefore the metadata play an important role in the database resources management and application, which must be fully used in the system. In the article, the author described the application of DC metadata in the library database construction of Gansu Normal College for Nationalities in theory and practice

EIAH data model

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a clear image of the information architecture used in the Encyclopedia of Iranian Architectural History (EIAH) and to show how it was crafted to meet the need for accessibility, expressiveness and interoperability.Design/methodology/approachIn order to assess the level of interoperability in the system, two essential concepts of the system are identified and traced in every level of the three‐layer information architecture. Federated repositories are studied for the level of accessibility that they can offer. Knowledge representation level, mediator level and the semantic portal are studied for expressiveness capabilities.FindingsEIAH information architecture is capable of establishing links among resources available in the information pools connected to the system by using EIAH metadata application profile (EMAP). Different modules in this architecture, which are localized for the Persian language, can work on similar environments for other languages, for example Arabic.Originality/valueEIAH is the first example of a digital encyclopedia for the history of Iranian architecture, which is basically different from other digital encyclopedias in the way that it offers information to users. EIAH is aimed at domain experts and provides them not with pre‐written and quality articles but with a wide range of resources and documents relative to what they are seeking.

Metadata Quality Control in Digital Repositories and Collections: Criteria, Semantics, and Mechanisms

This article evaluates practices on metadata quality control in digital repositories and collections using an online survey of cataloging and metadata professionals in the United States. The study examines (1) the perceived importance of metadata quality, (2) metadata quality evaluation criteria and issues, and (3) mechanisms for building quality assurance into the metadata creation process. The survey finds wide recognition of the essential role of metadata quality assurance. Accuracy and consistency are prioritized as the main criteria for metadata quality evaluation. Metadata semantics greatly affects consistent and accurate metadata application. Strong awareness of metadata quality correlates with the widespread adoption of various quality control mechanisms, such as staff training, manual review, metadata guidelines, and metadata generation tools. And yet, metadata guidelines are used less frequently as a quality assurance mechanism in digital collections involving multiple institutions.

Lessons Learned from EIAH Metadata Application Profile (EMAP)

The EIAH Metadata Application Profile (EMAP) has been designed to meet Encyclopedia of Iranian Architectural History (EIAH) needs regarding the organization of architectural resources. The application profile should satisfy community needs and should respect existing conventions; architects may think differently from archivists or museum curators. The key issues in the design process have been addressed here; namely, compliance with the special needs of EIAH data architecture, interoperability, compliance with Persian language and localization, as well as simplicity, critical because of the wide range of non-cataloger users of the system. The EMAP has been designed based on Dublin Core; six element refinements have been defined for the Dublin Core element “subject” to facilitate the interconnection of resources to entities in the EIAH ontology. In particular, human readable documentation guidelines have been emphasized as an important factor in metadata quality. Metadata crosswalks have also been defined with major standards of the domain to improve interoperability.

A Metadata Best Practice for a Scientific Data Repository

Digital data repositories ought to support immediate operational needs and long-term project goals. This paper presents the Dryad repository's metadata best practice balancing of these two needs. The paper reviews background work exploring the meaning of science, characterizing data, and highlighting data curation metadata challenges. The Dryad repository is introduced, and the initiative's metadata best practice and underlying rationales are described. Dryad's metadata approach includes two prongs: one addressing the long-term goal to align with the Semantic Web via a metadata application profile; and another addressing the immediate need to make content available in DSpace via an extensible markup language (XML) schema. The conclusion summarizes limitations and advantages of the two prongs underlying Dryad's metadata effort.

박물관메타데이터 표준프레임워크 CIMI가 남긴 유산과 영향력

The Computer Interchange of Museum Information (CIMI), operating from 1990-2003, was charged with creating and introducing the international museum community to the concept of adopting metadata industry standards. The CIMI consortium exceeded its original mission by; creating a standards framework, profile, testbeds, important metadata publications, free downloadable metadata software and protocols, and providing instrumental guidance and support in development of new projects. However, CIMI’s emphasis on the importance and utility of a standards-based approach and the necessity for implementing the CIMI Standards Framework is probably its most important achievement. During CIMI’s tenure, museums reaped the benefits by learning how to apply the model and standards to meet their individual needs while not having to invent new ones or bear the cost of software development. Although CIMI operations ceased in 2003, its impacts on museum related metadata application and research were unprecedented in that it provided the standards prototype and foundations on which to build. This paper discusses what CIMI bequeathed to the next generation of museum metadata field developers and describes the anticipated realm of future projects and advancement.

방송콘텐츠 저작권 식별관리를 위한 UCI 표준식별체계와 내용기반 식별정보의 상호연계 연구

본 논문에서는 방송콘텐츠 저작권 식별관리를 위한 방송콘텐츠의 Video Signature와 국가표준콘텐츠식별체계인 UCI(Universal Content Identifier)의 연계 방안을 제시한다. Video Signature는 UCI와 같은 식별자의 인위적인 부여 과정이 없더라도 동영상 콘텐츠 자체에서 직접 특징정보를 추출할 수 있기 때문에, 이미 배포 유통된 콘텐츠에 대해서도 식별 확인이 가능하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 최근 국가표준콘텐츠식별체계로 통합, 단일화된 UCI 식별체계와 내용기반 식별정보인 Video Signature의 지속적인 연계를 위하여, 바이너리로 표현된 Video Signature를 포함하는 UCI 응용메타데이터를 정의한다. 그리고 UCI 표준식별체계 기반 Video Signature 전송 및 관리 메카니즘에 기반한 방송콘텐츠의 저작권 식별관리 및 부가서비스 시나리오를 제시한다. In this paper, we propose a scheme to associate content-based video signature with Universal Content Identifier (UCI) system of broadcast content for copyright identification and management. Note that content-based video signature can identify a previously distributed content since it is directly extracted from content itself without allocation process of identifier such as UCI. Thus, we design the schema of UCI application metadata, which provides a video signature in order to consistently maintain a systemic link between UCI and the video signature. Also, we present the scenarios of copyright identification, management and additional service, which are based on transmission and management mechanism of video signature with UCI identification system.

Dublin Core metadata semantics: an analysis of the perspectives of information professionals

This study examines Dublin Core (DC) metadata semantics drawn from the perspectives and experiences of cataloguing and metadata professionals. The study ascertains the extent of difficulty in applying the DC metadata elements encountered by these professionals and examines factors engendering such difficulties during the metadata application process. Comments drawn from the survey participants ( n = 141) show that conceptual ambiguities (41%) and semantic overlaps (45%) of the surveyed DC metadata elements are the most frequently cited factors causing difficulty and confusion, in turn leading to variant interpretations of DC metadata elements. This has the potential to bring forth inconsistent and inaccurate applications and implementation of the DC standard across institutions which can directly affect semantic interoperability across digital repositories. The high degree of difficulty (55.3%) engendered by the Relation field indicates that further examination of this element is needed.

Semantic Matching, Propagation and Transformation for Composition in Component-Based Systems

Composition of software applications from component parts in response to high-level goals is a long-standing and highly challenging goal. We target the problem of composition in flow-based information processing systems and demonstrate how application composition and component development can be facilitated by the use of semantically described application metadata. The semantic metadata describe both the data flowing through each application and the processing performed in the associated application code. In this paper, we explore some of the key features of the semantic model, including the matching of outputs to input requirements, and the transformation and the propagation of semantic properties by components

Developing a Methodology for Designing Metadata Application Profiles:Applied to Korea Art and Culture Education Service

Developing a Methodology for Designing Metadata Application Profiles:Applied to Korea Art and Culture Education Service

International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications (DC‐2008) in Berlin

PurposeThe International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications (DC‐2008) is being held this year in Berlin. The purpose of this paper is to describe the evolution of the Dublin Core effort from an initial focus on “core” elements for resource description towards a more comprehensive framework for developing application profiles that use multiple vocabularies on basis of the W3C resource description framework (RDF) model.Design/methodology/approachA Dublin Core application profile describes a metadata application, from functional requirements, via a domain model of entities to be described, to the formal specification of constraints on the basis of the DCMI Abstract Model.FindingsDublin Core application profiles are designed to be interoperable on the basis of W3C's RDF model and principles of Web architecture, such as consistent use of URIs, in order to facilitate the integration of metadata from multiple sources – a common requirement in today's Web.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into the evolution of the Dublin Core.

Developing an audiovisual metadata application profile

Digitizing audiovisual materials is gradually being prioritized by libraries and other cultural institutions; however, metadata guidelines and best practices for describing these collections have not been fully developed. This paper outlines the development of local guidelines for audiovisual metadata at the Penn State University Libraries in the context of one digital project, and situates those guidelines within the process of developing an audiovisual metadata application profile for use across institutions.

Developing an audiovisual metadata application profile: A case study

Digitizing audiovisual materials is gradually being prioritized by libraries and other cultural institutions; however, metadata guidelines and best practices for describing these collections have not been fully developed. This paper outlines the development of local guidelines for audiovisual metadata at the Penn State University Libraries in the context of one digital project, and situates those guidelines within the process of developing an audiovisual metadata application profile for use across institutions.