Meta-analytic Structural Equation Modeling Research Articles

Structural Equation Modeling in Organizational Research: The State of Our Science and Some Proposals for Its Future

The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) has grown substantially over the past 40 years within organizational research and beyond. There have been many different developments in SEM that make it increasingly useful for a variety of data types, research designs, research questions, and research contexts in the organizational sciences. To give researchers a better understanding of how and why SEM is used, our article ( a) presents a review of SEM applications within organizational research; ( b) discusses SEM best practices; and ( c) explores advanced SEM applications, including instrumental variable methods, latent variable interactions and nonlinear measurement models, multilevel SEM, cross-lagged panel models and dynamic structural equation models, and meta-analytic SEM. We conclude by discussing concerns and debates that are both methodological (i.e., cross-validation and regularization) and theoretical (i.e., understanding causal evidence) as they relate to SEM and its application in organizational research and beyond.

Mediating Role of Social Commerce Trust in Behavioral Intention and Use

ABSTRACT While the importance of s-commerce is implicitly recognized, inconsistencies in extant empirical research pose significant challenges. Based on perspectives from trust, social presence, and socio-technical theories, this study develops an integrated model of the factors that influence intention and use behavior, with particular attention to the role of trust in s-commerce. The model is tested using meta-analytic structural equation modeling techniques on 201 observations from 83 s-commerce studies. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Data analytics dynamic capabilities for Triple-A supply chains

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the mediating role of data analytics management capability (DAMC) in the relationship between supply chain integration (SCI) and supply chain agility, adaptability and alignment (Triple-A). It also studies the role of Triple-A supply chains in performance improvement. We develop and present a model based on our proposition and informed by the dynamic capabilities perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ meta-analytic structural equation modeling to test the proposed model by analyzing reported statistics of 117 published studies.FindingsThis study’s results describe why some prior research findings are contradictory. For example, researchers have posited mixed findings on the impact of SCI on agility. The results show that SCI and agility do not have a significant direct association, and DAMC mediates their indirect relationship.Originality/valueThe impact of SCI on performance is debatable. SCI permits access to shared resources for competitive advantage; conversely, SCI-induced rigidity may reduce supply chain agility and adaptability. Informed by dynamic capabilities theory, the authors demonstrate that DAMC positively mediates the impact of SCI on performance.

The relationship between adult attachment and mental health: A meta-analysis.

Attachment theory provides a framework for understanding the correlations among interpersonal relationships, stress, and health. Moreover, adult attachment is an important predictor of mental health. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews that simultaneously examine the associations between adult attachment and both positive and negative indicators of mental health. Consequently, we meta-analyzed 224 studies examining the associations between adult attachment and mental health, using robust variance estimation with random effects. The results (k = 245 samples, N = 79,722) showed that higher levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance were positively correlated with negative affect (e.g., depression, anxiety, loneliness) and they were negatively correlated with positive affect (e.g., life satisfaction, self-esteem). More specifically, there were moderate associations between attachment avoidance and negative mental health (r = .28) and positive mental health (r = -.24). Likewise, there were moderate associations between attachment anxiety and negative mental health (r = .42) and positive mental health (r = -.29). Furthermore, the association between the attachment dimensions and mental health outcomes was also moderated by several variables (e.g., gender, age). Finally, these associations remained statistically significant even when the attachment dimensions were mutually controlled using meta-analytic structural equation modeling. Overall, attachment anxiety had larger associations with mental health than did attachment avoidance. Thus, the current results support robust links between adult attachment and mental health. This may have implications for future research and mental health treatments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Using Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modelling to Advance Entrepreneurship Research: A Study on the Liabilities of Newness and Smallness

The current literature examining factors related to age and size leading organisations to underperform is vast and has employed multiple theoretical lenses. However, the evidence is fragmented and mixed, and the causes for underperformance remain unclear. Building on empirical findings in 62 studies and a sample of 241 effect sizes covering 20 years of research, a meta-analysis with structural equation modelling was combined to extend the knowledge of the threats of age and size to firms’ performance. Formalisation, legitimacy and organisational structure were used to test the mediation between size and age in performance. These variables are pointed out as factors associated with the threats of age and size. The results provide evidence that structure and mainly formalisation and legitimacy play a key role in mitigating the effects of the liabilities of newness and smallness. The findings provide information on how managers should take action to keep their ventures alive.

Correction to: Pathways to Harsh Parenting: Testing a Social Information Processing Model of Child Abuse Using Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling

Correction to: Pathways to Harsh Parenting: Testing a Social Information Processing Model of Child Abuse Using Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling

Associations between public and self-stigma of help-seeking with help-seeking attitudes and intention: A meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach.

The present study examined the association between help-seeking public stigma and help-seeking self-stigma (i.e., internalization of stigma) and the relative association of both types of stigma with help-seeking attitude and intention using a full-information meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. We also investigated the moderating effect of gender, age, collectivism, and social group in the internalization process. Results from 115 independent samples containing data from 54,793 individuals showed that public stigma of help-seeking was strongly and positively associated with self-stigma of help-seeking. Moreover, after controlling for the effect of each other, self-stigma, but not public stigma, remained significantly associated with help-seeking attitude and help-seeking intention. Gender, age, collectivism, and social group did not significantly moderate the association between public and self-stigma. The findings highlight that people who perceive more stigma of help-seeking from others tend to have higher levels of self-stigma. Compared with help-seeking public stigma, help-seeking self-stigma might have a larger impact on one's help-seeking attitude and intention. Help-seeking promotion campaigns should be devised to tackle both types of stigma to foster positive help-seeking attitude and intention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Measuring those who have their minds set: An item-level meta-analysis of the implicit theories of intelligence scale in education

Fixed and growth mindsets represent implicit theories about the nature of one's abilities or traits. The existing body of research on academic achievement and the effectiveness of mindset interventions for student learning largely relies on the premise that fixed and growth mindsets are mutually exclusive. This premise has led to the common practice in which measures of one mindset are reversed and then assumed to represent the other mindset. Focusing on K-12 and university students (N = 27328), we tested the validity of this practice via a comprehensive item-level meta-analysis of the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale (ITIS). By means of meta-analytic structural equation modeling and network analysis, we examined (a) the ITIS item-item correlations and their heterogeneity across 32 primary studies; (b) the factor structure of the ITIS, including the distinction between fixed and growth mindset; and (c) moderator effects of sample, study, and measurement characteristics. We found positive item-item correlations within the sets of fixed and growth mindset items, with substantial between-study heterogeneity. The ITIS factor structure comprised two moderately correlated mindset factors (ρ = 0.63–0.65), even after reversing one mindset scale. This structure was moderated by the educational level and origin of the student sample, the assessment mode, and scale modifications. Overall, we argue that fixed and growth mindsets are not mutually exclusive but correlated constructs. We discuss the implications for the assessment of implicit theories of intelligence in education.

Parental perception matters: Reciprocal relations between adolescents' depressive symptoms and parental perceptions.

A large body of research has shown that parents play a vital role in the development of adolescents' depression. However, previous research has overlooked the effects of a potentially critical factor, namely, parental perceptions, and beliefs about adolescents' depression. The present study examined whether parental perceptions of an adolescent's depressive symptoms predict longitudinal changes in adolescents' symptoms (i.e., the parental perception effect). The longitudinal relationship between adolescents' depressive symptoms and parental perceptions of the adolescents' symptoms was analyzed in three independent groups of parent-adolescent pairs (in total N = 1,228). Parental perception and monitoring effects were found in Studies 1B and 2 only in the depressive mood subscale. While a decreased enjoyment subscale showed a perception effect in Study 1A, we obtained null results from other studies. We synthesized the results by applying meta-analytic structural equation modeling to obtain a more robust estimate. The analysis qualified both perception and monitoring effects in both subscales. Our results suggest that when parents believe that their adolescent child is depressed, adolescents are cognitively biased by their parental perceptions over time, resulting in more severe depressive symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Meta-analytic structural equation modeling testing the rival assumptions of self-control and social bonds theories

Based on self-control and social bonds theories, this meta-analysis tests the links between low self-control, social bonds (academic bonds), and deviant behaviors. To reduce the heterogeneity, we confined ourselves to the academic bonds and excluded social bonds regarding family, religion, work, and peers. This research includes 32 studies (N = 107,046). The results show that the effect of academic bonds on deviant behaviors remains significant and does not disappear when the role of low self-control is controlled (β = −0.15, p < .05). This finding is inconsistent with self-control theory speculated that the strength of social bonds is determined by self-control, more so than bonds having an independent influence on deviant behaviors. We also reveal that self-control directly (β = 0.29, p < .05) and indirectly, via its association with academic bonds (β = 0.05, p < .05), affects deviant behaviors (i.e., the relation between low self-control and deviant behaviors is partially mediated by academic bonds). It verifies that the theoretical knowledge of the links between self-control and social bonds needs to be integrated into one explanatory model. Future meta-analyses should address family, peer, work, religious bonds to provide further insights into the nexus between self-control and social bonds theories.

Re-examining post-acceptance model of information systems continuance: A revised theoretical model using MASEM approach

This study extends the post-acceptance model of information systems (IS) continuance, which is widely used to explain users’ satisfaction and IS continuance intentions. The extended model includes additional variables such as perceived ease of use (PEOU), attitude, trust, and enjoyment. The proposed model was tested using meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM). The analysis included 1,056 observations on fifteen relationships from 214 independent studies with a combined sample of 84,343. The results confirm the significance of all the relationships proposed in the original model. Furthermore, the findings indicate that PEOU directly influences perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and attitude. Trust and enjoyment both have a positive impact on users’ satisfaction and IS continuance, wherein the effect of enjoyment was higher than trust. post-consumption satisfaction resulted in a favorable attitude toward technology, which further affected IS continuance. From a theoretical perspective, the current study acknowledges the shift in users’ attitude toward technology and emphasizes the hedonic value of IS usage as users report a higher degree of satisfaction toward responsive, easy to use, and enjoyable technologies. Marketers should focus on the enjoyment and gratifications derived from technology to increase potential IS usage.

The future is present in the past: A meta-analysis on the longitudinal associations of parent-adolescent relationships with peer and romantic relationships.

Positive peer and romantic relationships are crucial for adolescents' positive adjustment and relationships with parents lay the foundation for these relationships. This longitudinal meta-analysis examined how parent-adolescent relationships continue into later peer and romantic relationships. Included longitudinal studies (k=54 involving peer relationships, k=38 involving romantic relationships) contained demographically diverse samples from predominantly Western cultural contexts. Multilevel meta-regressions indicated that supportive and negative parent-adolescent relationships were associated with supportive and negative future peer and romantic relationships. Meta-analytic structural equation modeling (k=54) indicated that supportive parent-adolescent relationships unidirectionally predicted supportive and negative peer relationships, while negative parent-adolescent relationships were bidirectionally associated with supportive and negative peer relationships. Maintaining mutually supportive relationships with parents may help adolescents to develop positive social relationships.

A meta-analysis of green and sustainable business models: A comprehensive approach

Sustainable development is an essential purpose behind formulation of government policies because of its contribution to socio-economic and environmental well-being. The research conducted over the last few decades have emphasized that green and sustainable enterprises support this. As a result, it is imperative to ascertain the link between green and sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainable development. Thus, this study aims to examine how green entrepreneurship relates to the sustainable development and growth of a sustainable enterprise. It further studies the relationship between independent variables (economic (ECD), social (SD), strategic sustainability (SSD), and environment development (ED) with dependent variables (green (GE), sustainable entrepreneurship (SE), and sustainable development (SDG). Cause and effect relationship used to develop a conceptual model, and random-effect meta-analytic structural equation modeling (meta-SEM) used to evaluate latent relationships between this relationship. The work also analyses how ventures properties (venture age, venture size, and venture types) have moderating effects on this relationship. Secondary data used and data obtained from prior research publications. This study contains a comprehensive analysis of the sustainability literature, including one additional dimension with the current three dimensions of sustainability in a unified framework, and expanding its relationship with green and sustainable business. The study also provides significant theoretical contributions and implications for entrepreneurship and sustainability literature.

Pathways to Harsh Parenting: Testing a Social Information Processing Model of Child Abuse Using Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling

Pathways to Harsh Parenting: Testing a Social Information Processing Model of Child Abuse Using Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling

The effects of trust on behavioral intention and use behavior within e-government contexts

As electronic transactions between governments and users become increasingly common, the role of users’ trust in e-government assumes considerable importance. While prior models of technology acceptance have identified several factors that influence behavioral intention and use behavior, trust has largely been missing in such models. This study incorporates e-government trust into the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model and conducts an empirical analysis using meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) methods on findings gathered from 90 prior studies on e-government. Results show that trust plays a central role in users’ intention to use and use of e-government systems. Specifically, in e-government contexts, trust is impacted by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions; has a direct effect on system use; and an indirect effect on system use through behavioral intention. Practitioners should strive to leverage users’ trust to leverage the full potential of e-government systems.

Neuropsychiatric Inventory domains cluster into neuropsychiatric syndromes in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Background: Studies of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have observed that neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) tend to co‐occur as neuropsychiatric syndromes and have generally shown mixed results regarding the number and composition of syndromes. We systematically reviewed how neuropsychiatric syndromes in AD have been defined and compared the different published definitions in a pooled sample of AD patients using meta‐analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM). Methods: Studies examining the factor structure of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and published from 1994 to 2021 were included. We contacted the corresponding authors of eligible studies for correlation coefficients between NPI items. We pooled correlations under a random effects MASEM model and fitted and compared measurement models from published studies to identify a best‐fitting model. Results: Twenty‐five studies were included in the systematic review, and correlations were obtained from seven studies for MASEM. For the NPI‐10 (seven studies, n = 5185), a five‐factor structure was found to have a good fit to the data. For the NPI‐12 (four studies, n = 2397), we were unable to identify a factor structure that displayed a good model fit. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta‐analysis contribute to the development of a theoretical model of neuropsychiatric syndromes in AD and reveals the barriers that accompany MASEM methodology.

From relational benefits to consumer loyalty across international perspective: a meta-analytic structural equation modeling

From relational benefits to consumer loyalty across international perspective: a meta-analytic structural equation modeling

Focus? Or Span? A Meta-Analytic Approach to Category Spanning

The purpose of this paper is to unveil the existing complexities in the relationship between organizations’ category spanning behavior and their performance. In our study, we find two major gaps in prior studies. First, category spanning research has somewhat undervalued the importance of differentiating the role of audiences’ perceptions towards spanning activities from measures of organizational performance. Second, past research mostly focused on one single industry at a time, which limits our knowledge of how industry-level characteristics shape an audience’s evaluation of spanning activities. Our meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) shows that mixed results are partly due to the failure to differentiate perception-based performance such as customer ratings or reviews from outcome-based performance (e.g. sales, revenues, market share, and so forth). that the relationship between spanning and performance is weak but positive in industries such as law firms, technology, academia, and finance, where quality assessment is relatively standardized and clear than others such as wine, film, or restaurants. Our results imply that audience evaluative perceptions should be treated as a mediating path to organizational performance rather than the performance outcome itself.

Opening The Black Box Between Board Characteristics And Firm Performance: A Meta-Analysis Study

Decades of corporate governance research have explored the relationship between board characteristics and firm financial performance; yet, empirical findings are either weak or contradictory. To address this, our study investigates how the board of directors in general and board characteristics in particular, influence firm financial performance by examining the mediating mechanisms in this relationship. Using meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) and drawing from 139 primary studies (N=45,889), this study theorizes a process model to explain the relationship between board characteristics and firm financial performance. We find no significant direct relationship between board characteristics and firm performance. Instead, we find this relationship to be serially mediated by the enactment of board roles (monitoring and resource provision) and the alignment of managerial risk profiles with shareholder interests. These findings help reconcile the age-old debate between agency and resource dependence theorists, by examining the comparative and complementary performance implications of board monitoring and resource provision.

Organizational Diversity: A Multidisciplinary Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Model with Mediation

Following the theme “Creating a Better World Together” of the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, this study develops and tests meta-analytic structural equation models (MASEMs) to integrate research from multiple disciplines (i.e., management, economics, finance, and accounting research) on the diversity-performance relationship. Based on dominant theories of these disciplines, the results show that various diversity dimensions (i.e., gender, ethnic/racial, age, cultural, personality, functional, and tenure diversity) significantly affect team performance dimensions (i.e., task performance, innovative behavior, constructive deviant behavior, and destructive deviant behavior) and organizational performance dimensions (i.e., financial performance, innovative performance, and sustainability performance). Controlling for study-specific effects, the true effect sizes for each relationship are provided at the population level. These effect sizes indicate team compositions with regards to workforce diversity to reach specific outcomes. Mediation analyses provide various theoretical implications and empirically support the significant effect of team performance on organizational performance, which often has only been implied or assumed by previous research. Implications for future research and actionable practices for managers are derived to support responsible business conduct and social change.