Message Transfer Research Articles

Secure vehicle to vehicle voice chat based MQTT and CoAP internet of things protocol

The congestion of road traffic is one of the most problems facing the ambulance transportation to provide fast healthcare service for patient. In this work, ambulance tracking with messages transfer system has been designed and implemented such that a central monitoring and tracking unit can observe ambulance using MQTT IoT protocol. Where each vehicle is occupied with an intelligent embedded system (Raspberry Pi) unit. When an ambulance is being in the road, it will communicate with other vehicle or road traffic by means of CoAP IoT protocol as a direct device to device communication. The proposed system has been designed such that driver use voice chat and the system are completely hand free. The voice message is being transfer into text by using speech recognition based Google API library, and then the received text message is converted again to speech by using text to speech algorithm. An encryption–decryption process-based stream cipher has been used. The message between IoT nodes has been encrypted using One Time Pad (OTP) and DNA computing. Furthermore, the required key sequence was generated using a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) as a pseudo number key generator. This key sequence was combined to generate a unique key for each message.

Privacy Preserving Location-Based Client-Server Service Using Standard Cryptosystem

Location-Based Mobile Services (LBMS) is rapidly gaining ground and becoming increasingly popular, because of the variety of efficient and personalized services it offers. However, if users are not guaranteed their privacy and there is no assurance of genuineness of server's response, the use of these services would be rendered useless and could deter its growth in mobile computing. This paper aims to provide confidentiality and integrity for communication that occurs between users and location service providers. A practical system that guarantees a user's privacy and integrity of server's response, using a cryptographic scheme with no trusted intermediary, is provided. This scheme also employs the use of symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms to ensure secure message and key transfer. In order to overcome the problem of computational complexities with these algorithms, AES-256 is used to encrypt the message and user's location. Several researches have been done in this category but there is still no system that checks the integrity of server's response. The proposed scheme is resistant to a range of susceptible attacks, because it provides a detailed security analysis and, when compared with related work, shows that it can actually guarantee privacy and integrity with faster average response time and higher throughput in LBMS.

Multi User Chat Application

The latest development of the Internet has brought the world into our hands. Everything happens through internet from passing information to purchasing something. Internet made the world as small circle. This project is also based on internet. This paper shows the importance of chat application in day today life and its impact in technological world. This project is to develop a chat system based on Java multithreading and network concept. The application allows people to transfer messages both in private and public way .It also enables the feature of sharing resources like files, images, videos, etc.This online system is developed to interact or chat with one another on the Internet. It is much more reliable and secure than other traditional systems available. Java, multi threading and client-server concept were used to develop the web based chat application. This application is developed with proper architecture for future enhancement. It can be deployed in all private organizations like Colleges, IT parks, etc.

Open Sensor Manager for IIoT

Data collection in an industrial environment enables several benefits: processes and machinery can be monitored; the performance can be optimized; and the machinery can be proactively maintained. To collect data from machines or production lines, numerous sensors are required, which necessitates a management system. The management of constrained IoT devices such as sensor nodes is extensively studied. However, the previous studies focused only on the remote software updating or configuration of sensor nodes. This paper presents a holistic Open Sensor Manager (OSEMA), which addresses also generating software for different sensor models based on the configuration. In addition, it offers a user-friendly web interface, as well as a REST API (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) for the management. The manager is built with the Django web framework, and sensor nodes rely on ESP32-based microcontrollers. OSEMA enables secure remote software updates of sensor nodes via encryption and hash-based message authentication code. The collected data can be transmitted using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT). The use of OSEMA is demonstrated in an industrial domain with applications estimating the usage roughness of an overhead crane and tracking its location. OSEMA enables retrofitting different sensors to existing machinery and processes, allowing additional data collection.

Development of algorithms of self-organizing network for reliable data exchange between autonomous robots

Factors affecting the reliability of data transmission in networks with nodes with periodic availability were considered. The principles of data transfer between robots are described; the need for global connectivity of communications within an autonomous system is shown, since the non-availability of information on the intentions of other robots reduces the effectiveness of the robotics system as a whole and affects the fault tolerance of a team of independent actors performing distributed activities. It is shown that the existing solutions to the problem of data exchange based on general-purpose IP networks have drawbacks; therefore, as the basis for organizing autonomous robot networks, we used developments in the domain of topological models of communication systems allowing us to build self-organizing computer networks. The requirements for the designed network for reliable message transfer between autonomous robots are listed, the option of organizing reliable message delivery using overlay networks, which expand the functionality of underlying networks, is selected. An overview of existing popular controlled and non-controlled overlay networks is given; their applicability for communication within a team of autonomous robots is evaluated. The features and specifics of data transfer in a team of autonomous robots are listed. The algorithms and architecture of the overlay self-organizing network were described by means of generally accepted methods of constructing decentralized networks with zero configurations. As a result of the work, general principles of operation of the designed network were proposed, the message structure for the delivery algorithm was described; two independent data streams were created, i.e. service and payload; an algorithm for sending messages between network nodes and an algorithm for collecting and synchronizing the global network status were developed. In order to increase the dependability and fault tolerance of the network, it is proposed to store the global network status at each node. The principles of operation of a distributed storage are described. For the purpose of notification on changes in the global status of the network, it is proposed to use an additional data stream for intra-network service messages. A flood routing algorithm was developed to reduce delays and speed up the synchronization of the global status of a network and consistency maintenance. It is proposed to provide network connectivity using the HELLO protocol to establish and maintain adjacency relations between network nodes. The paper provides examples of adding and removing network nodes, examines possible scalability problems of the developed overlay network and methods for solving them. It confirms the criteria and indicators for achieving the effect of self-organization of nodes in the network. The designed network is compared with existing alternatives. For the developed algorithms, examples of latency estimates in message delivery are given. The theoretical limitations of the overlay network in the presence of intentional and unintentional defects are indicated; an example of restoring the network after a failure is set forth.

Provably secure identity-based two-party authenticated key agreement protocol based on CBi-ISIS and Bi-ISIS problems on lattices

The two-party authenticated key agreement (2PAKA) protocol establishes a secure channel over the Internet between two users. This secure channel helps to transfer messages between them in the presence of an adversary. The invention of Shor’s algorithms makes current 2PAKA protocols vulnerable to quantum attacks. To mitigate quantum attacks, we designed an identity-based two-party authenticated key agreement (LB-ID-2PAKA) protocol on a lattice L(B) of dimension n. Besides, to avoid the public key infrastructure (PKI), which is required for the authentication of the public keys of users, we use the identity-based cryptography (IBC) in our protocol. We analyzed that our proposed LB-ID-2PAKA protocol is provably secure with the hardness assumptions of the computational bilateral inhomogeneous small integer solution (CBi-ISIS) and bilateral small integer solution (Bi-SIS) problems. We also analyzed the computation and communication overheads of our LB-ID-2PAKA protocol and compared its performance with a related protocol. The comparison results demonstrate that our LB-ID-2PAKA protocol yields better performance and can be used in post-quantum environments.

Algorithm for Forming Structure and Stages of Message Transfer in Unidirectional Radio Systems

The paper presents the substantiation of algorithm for forming the structure and technique for message transmission in unidirectional radio communication systems. The proposed algorithm is intended for use before the beginning of signal transmission for implementing the single-use reliable transmission technique with delayed acknowledgement, but with the possibility of forecasting the interference conditions at the receiving point. The algorithm stages are also discussed and analyzed. The first stage involves the search of the threshold quantity of correctly received symbols of message, the quantity of its blocks and the length of code sequences, which ensure the attaining of required probability of erroneous reception (malfunctioning). The first stage of the algorithm is proposed implying the need to follow a specific order of operations that include gradual increase of the threshold, gradual rise of the quantity of message blocks, and gradual increase of the length of code sequences. The second stage involves the calculation of the structure of discrete messages and algorithm of their transmission that ensure the required probability of correct reception. It is proposed to execute this stage in a specific order that includes gradual increase of the repetition multiplicity of message transmission, gradual rise of the quantity of frequencies for parallel transmission of message, and gradual increase of the length of code sequences. It has been proved that precisely such order of algorithm execution ensures the best indicators regarding the required time and the optimization of the computational complexity (in terms of the number of iterations) in providing the required transmission validity in unidirectional transmission radio systems.

Effects of a Mobile-App-Based Self-Management Support Program For Elderly Hemodialysis Patients.

ObjectivesTo identify the effects of a mobile-app-based self-management program for elderly hemodialysis patients on their sick-role behavior, basic psychological needs, and self-efficacy.MethodsA nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design was utilized, and 60 participants (30 in each of the experimental and control groups) were recruited from Chungnam National University Hospital from March to August 2018. The program consisted of continuous training on how to use the mobile-app, self-checking via the app, message transfer through Electronic Medical Records, and feedback. The control group received the usual care. Data were analyzed using the χ2-test, the t-test, the repeated-measures ANOVA, and the McNemar test. A formalized messaging program was developed, and the app was developed with consideration of the specific physical and cognitive limitations of the elderly.ResultsComparisons were conducted between the experimental (n = 28) and control (n = 28) groups. Statistically significant increases in sick-role behavior, basic psychological needs, and self-efficacy were found in the experimental group (p < 0.001). Physiological parameters were maintained within the normal ranges in the experimental group, and the number of non-adherent patients decreased, although the change was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe mobile-app-based self-management program developed in this study increased the sick-role behavior, basic psychological needs, and self-efficacy of elderly hemodialysis patients, while physiological parameters were maintained within the normal range. Future studies are needed to develop management systems for high-risk hemodialysis patients and family-sharing apps to manage non-adherent patients.

Anthropology and the Third Information Revolution

This journal, Visual Anthropology, has now been in existence for a third of a century, and so it is an appropriate moment to look back at where we and our scholarship have come from, and what changes we have seen during our own lifetimes. This article first gives a rapid overview of the four major forms of information technology in human history. These were the age of oral transfer of messages, writing, printing, and lastly the age of mechanical reproduction, including the development of digital technologies. The rest of the article recalls the author’s own experience of the most recent period of computer and multi-media work. The first phase of this was the computer revolution from the 1960s to around the Millennium, the second is the spread of the high-speed internet with the accompanying tools on the web. The article ends by considering some of the implications for anthropology of the accumulated developments, in terms of on-line databases, digital repositories and personal publishing. Anthropology has been transformed during the author’s lifetime by the rapid growth of more powerful tools of communication, and it is likely that this will increase exponentially into the future. As anthropologists we need to see the big picture of how this has happened and what its implications are.

Performance Evaluation of UAV-Enabled LoRa Networks for Disaster Management Applications

In hostile and remote environments, such as mountains, forests or suburban areas, traditional communications may not be available, especially after a disaster, such as a flood, a forest fire or an earthquake. In these situations, the wireless networks may become congested or completely disrupted and may not be adequate to support the traffic generated by rescuers. It is also considered as the key tool in Corona Virus (COVID-19) battle. Moreover, the conventional approaches with fixed gateways may not work either, and this might lead to decoding errors due to the large distance between mobile nodes and the gateway. To avoid the decoding errors and improve the reliability of the messages, we propose to use intermediate Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to transfer messages from ground-based Long Range (LoRa) nodes to the remote base station (BS). Specifically, this UAV-enabled LoRa architecture is based on the ad hoc WiFi network, wherein, UAVs act as relays for the traffic generated between LoRa nodes and BS. To make the architecture more efficient, a distributed topology control algorithm is also proposed for UAVs. The algorithm is based on virtual spring forces and movement prediction technique that periodically updates the UAV topology to adapt to the movement of the ground-based LoRa nodes that move on the surface. The simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed approach for packet reception rate and average delay quality of service (QoS) metrics. It is observed that the mechanisms implemented in a UAV-enabled LoRa network effectively help to improve the packet reception rate with nominal buffer delays.

Integration of Autonomous Vehicle Frameworks for Software-in-the-Loop Testing

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents an approach for performing software in the loop testing of autonomous vehicle software developed in the Autoware framework. Autoware is an open source software for autonomous driving that includes modules such as localization, detection, prediction, planning and control [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. Multitudes of autonomous driving frameworks exist today, each having its own pros and cons. Often, MATLAB-Simulink is used for rapid prototyping, system modeling and testing, specifically for the lower-level vehicle dynamics and powertrain control features. For the autonomous software, the Robotic Operating System (ROS) is more commonly used for integrating distributed software components so that they can easily share information through a publish and subscribe paradigm. Thorough testing and evaluation of such complex, distributed software, implemented on a physical vehicle poses significant challenges in terms of safety, time, and cost, especially when considering rare edge cases. Virtual prototyping is therefore a crucial enabler in the development of autonomous software. In a simulated environment, many traffic scenarios under a variety of environmental conditions can be quickly evaluated, at low cost, without safety concerns. In this paper, we report on a simulation environment consisting of three simulation tools. PreScan (by Siemens/TASS) combined with Simulink (by Mathworks) is used for simulating how the vehicle interacts with the environment: sensors, actuators, the vehicle dynamics and powertrain. The autonomy software is emulated directly in Autoware.AI on top of ROS. To evaluate the autonomous software, synthetic data from the sensors simulated in PreScan are published to ROS where they are processed by the autonomy stack. Similarly, the control signals generated by the autonomy stack in Autoware are subscribed to by PreScan where they serve as input to the virtual vehicle model. The paper describes in detail the integration of PreScan and Autoware, illustrates this integration for object detection using a monocular camera, and characterizes the performance in terms of message transfer speed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Synthesis of wireless telecommunication network with adaptation to refusals of central elements of average and high intensity

A technique of synthesis of a wireless digital communication network with package switching, providing transfer of video messages of real time scale between elements of multipurpose information-operating system in conditions of high failure rate of central elements, is considered. As conceptual model of a telecommunication network – the network of the mixed structure, including multipurpose devices, constructed on the basis of standards of a broadband radio access with switching of packages and two interconnected levels of network interaction of elements (local and main) is accepted. The technique of synthesis of a wireless network is based on the multilevel, combined adaptation of a telecommunication network in the conditions of refusals of central elements, which primary goal is rational change of parameters, functions of network elements in close interrelation with purposeful transformation of structure of telecommunication system subnetworks. The main objective of carrying out the combined adaptation of the network consists in achievement of necessary throughput of communication system depending on degree of failure rate of central elements. Properties of multilevel adaptation were investigated in the course of realization of the combined (structurally-parametrical) synthesis with use of the aggregate approach of modelling of difficult technical systems. Efficiency of the specified technique is proven by the results of the imitating experiment with use of the aggregate model of a wireless network of data transmission with switching of packages, obtained previously. The experimental data, received at natural research of networks of a broadband radio communication on the basis of standards 802.11 b/g/n, have shown, that time of processing of packages of a message essentially depends on use of existing ways of adaptation. In particular, application of effective algorithms of adaptation (both parametrical and structural) will allow to reduce the time of finding of details (packages) in broadband communication devices by several times and, thereby, to provide demanded throughput of the network functioning in the conditions of refusals of central elements.

Authentication-Based Secure Data Dissemination Protocol and Framework for 5G-Enabled VANET

The amalgamation of Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) with the Internet of Things (IoT) leads to the concept of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). IoV forms a solid backbone for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which paves the way for technologies that better explain about traffic efficiency and their management applications. IoV architecture is seen as a big player in different areas such as the automobile industry, research organizations, smart cities and intelligent transportation for various commercial and scientific applications. However, as VANET is vulnerable to various types of security attacks, the IoV structure should ensure security and efficient performance for vehicular communications. To address these issues, in this article, an authentication-based protocol (A-MAC) for smart vehicular communication is proposed along with a novel framework towards an IoV architecture model. The scheme requires hash operations and uses cryptographic concepts to transfer messages between vehicles to maintain the required security. Performance evaluation helps analyzing its strength in withstanding various types of security attacks. Simulation results demonstrate that A-MAC outshines other protocols in terms of communication cost, execution time, storage cost, and overhead.

Implementación de un sistema que permita a los usuarios de la red comunicarse mediante el envío de mensajes de texto o archivos, sin necesidad de una conexión a internet

Current messaging applications communicate users through the use of the Internet, in their absence, they cannot operate. Gmail and WhatsApp are the main means that the students of the campus of the Polytechnic University of the State of Morelos (Upemor), use to communicate within the facilities of the university. However, when the Internet of the campus tends to fail, network users cannot use these applications and as a consequence student have to resort to rudimentary methods to transfer files or text messages. A possible solution to this problem is the use of the network infrastructure already available by the Polytechnic University of the State of Morelos, added to a system that allows the transfer and sending of messages and files through a local area network. During the present, the development of this system, its implications and its pros and cons will be described.

An improved PRoPHET - Random forest based optimized multi-copy routing for opportunistic IoT networks

Opportunistic networks are one of the important categories of ad hoc networks in Internet of Things (IoT), which considers human social activities like daily routines, activities and many more to provide efficient communication. In opportunistic networks, mobile nodes are used to establish communication between nodes despite of non-availability of a dedicated route between them. Furthermore, nodes don’t acquire any knowledge in advance about the characteristics of the network such as the network topology and the location of the other nodes. Hence, designing a routing algorithm becomes a challenging task since traditional routing protocols used in the Internet are not feasible for the characteristics inherent type of network. The proposed work propounds a multi-copy routing algorithm based on machine learning named iPRoPHET or improved PRoPHET (Probability routing protocol using history of encounters and transitivity). iPRoPHET, uses dynamically changing contextual information of nodes and the delivery probability of PRoPHET to carry out message transfer. The iPRoPHET uses machine learning classifier known as random forest to classify the node as a reliable forwarder or a non-reliable forwarder based on the supplied contextual information during each routing decision. The classifier trained with large amount of data extracted using simulation leads to precise classification of the nodes as reliable or unreliable nodes for carrying out the routing task. Obtained results from the simulation proves that the proposed algorithm outperforms with respect to delivery probability, hop count, overhead ratio, latency but over costs with respect to average buffer time in par with similar multi-copy routing algorithms. The uniqueness of this paper lies in data extraction, categorization and training the model to obtain reliable and unreliable nodes to facilitate efficient multi-copy routing in IoT communication.

280-km experimental demonstration of a quantum digital signature with one decoy state.

A quantum digital signature (QDS) guarantees the unforgeability, nonrepudiation, and transferability of signature messages with information-theoretic security, and hence has attracted much attention recently. However, most previous implementations of QDS showed relatively low signature rates and/or short transmission distance. In this Letter, we report a proof-of-principle phase-encoding QDS demonstration using only one decoy state. First, such a method avoids the modulation of the vacuum state, thus reducing experimental complexity and random number consumption. Moreover, incorporated with low-loss asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers and a real-time polarization calibration technique, we have successfully achieved a higher signature rate, e.g., 0.98 bit/s at 103 km, and to date, a record-breaking, to the best of our knowledge, transmission distance of over 280-km installed fibers. Our work represents a significant step towards real-world applications of QDS.

PittPack: An open-source Poisson’s equation solver for extreme-scale computing with accelerators

We present a parallel implementation of a direct solver for Poisson’s equation on extreme-scale supercomputers with accelerators. We introduce a chunked-pencil decomposition as the domain-decomposition strategy to distribute work among processing elements to achieve improved scalability at high counts of accelerators. Chunked-pencil decomposition enables overlapping MPI communication and data transfer between the central processing units (CPUs) and the graphics processing units (GPUs). It enables contiguous message transfer among the nodes and improves data locality by keeping neighboring elements in adjacent memory locations while permitting the use of shared memory for certain segments of the algorithm when possible. We study two different communication patterns within the chunked-pencil decomposition. The first pattern fully overlaps the communication with data transfer and aims to speedup the overall turnaround time. The second pattern concentrates on low memory usage and is more network friendly than the first pattern for computations at extreme scale. In our parallel implementation, we interleave OpenACC with MPI to support computations on the GPU or the CPU. The numerical solution and its formal second order of accuracy is verified using the method of manufactured solutions for various combinations of boundary conditions. Additionally, we used PittPack within an incompressible flow solver to further validate its accuracy and as well as demonstrate its versatility as a software package. We performed weak scaling analysis with up to 1.1 trillion Cartesian mesh points distributed over 16384 GPUs on a petascale leadership class supercomputer. Program SummaryProgram Title: PittPackProgram Files doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/59ktwdby4r.1Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License 3Programming language: C++Nature of problem: An elliptic Poisson’s equation for pressure arises in the numerical solution of incompressible fluid flow. This equation needs to be solved accurately to enforce conservation of mass principle.Solution method: The Poisson’s equation is discretized with a second order accurate finite difference scheme. The resulting system of linear equations is solved with a direct method that employs fast Fourier transforms in the horizontal plane and a tridiagonal matrix solver in the third direction.Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The mesh has to be directionally uniform. Due to adoption of FFT in the horizontal plane, the boundary conditions in each direction must be of the same type. Each direction in the horizontal plane has to be partitioned by an equal integer number such that n2 parallel processes are deployed at run-time.

Congestion-Aware Geocast Routing in Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks

Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks (VDTNs) are networks of vehicles that communicate wirelessly, where there are no permanent end-to-end connections. VDTNs have a highly variable topology, with frequent partitions, and possibly low node density. Thus, delay-tolerant routing adopts a store-carry-and-forward message transfer paradigm, where messages have a useful Time-To-Live (TTL) and are stored until a good contact opportunity arises. Multiple message replicas can be generated to improve delivery probability at the cost of increasing network congestion. In this paper, we propose the V-GRADIENT geocast routing protocol that monitors node density, buffer occupancy, and interest in geocast groups, to adapt the forwarding techniques used dynamically, to disseminate messages within the geographic region of interest. Simulation results show that the V-GRADIENT is capable of controlling network congestion and efficiently delivering messages resulting in better delivery ratios, lower latencies, and a small increase in overhead when compared with existing protocols.

Permanent merging of network integrators in the area of journalism at the stage convergence of infocommunication technologies

Communications are considered and analyzed as an infocommunication infrastructure of the society, which has a high level of intellectualization. It concerns to creation of ramified telecommunication webs enveloping whole world and representing a population of technological tools of transmission, switching and mediums of transfer of the information message between various users.

Message Transfer in the RapidIO Interconnect for Baget Real-Time Operating Systems Family

Message Transfer in the RapidIO Interconnect for Baget Real-Time Operating Systems Family