Abstract
Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks (VDTNs) are networks of vehicles that communicate wirelessly, where there are no permanent end-to-end connections. VDTNs have a highly variable topology, with frequent partitions, and possibly low node density. Thus, delay-tolerant routing adopts a store-carry-and-forward message transfer paradigm, where messages have a useful Time-To-Live (TTL) and are stored until a good contact opportunity arises. Multiple message replicas can be generated to improve delivery probability at the cost of increasing network congestion. In this paper, we propose the V-GRADIENT geocast routing protocol that monitors node density, buffer occupancy, and interest in geocast groups, to adapt the forwarding techniques used dynamically, to disseminate messages within the geographic region of interest. Simulation results show that the V-GRADIENT is capable of controlling network congestion and efficiently delivering messages resulting in better delivery ratios, lower latencies, and a small increase in overhead when compared with existing protocols.
Highlights
Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are characterized by long or variable delays, intermittent connectivity, asymmetric data rates, and high error rates
In light of the advances mentioned, the DTN communication paradigm has received a lot of attention in research and has motivated the design of routing strategies for Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTNs) [5] that can properly handle the challenges of such distinguishable environments
We proposed the new V-GRADIENT geocast routing protocol for Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks (VDTNs) that efficiently disseminates messages within an regions of interest (ROI) centered in the source node
Summary
Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are characterized by long or variable delays, intermittent connectivity, asymmetric data rates, and high error rates. In light of the advances mentioned, the DTN communication paradigm has received a lot of attention in research and has motivated the design of routing strategies for Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTNs) [5] that can properly handle the challenges of such distinguishable environments. In this sense, the design of strategies in VDTNs that can efficiently deliver messages to a group of recipients, which would benefit from the reception of such messages, has become a widespread topic of discussion. This paper extends the preliminary version of the V-GRADIENT protocol proposed in [7] by including new dropping policies and replication mechanisms, an overhead analysis, and an extensive scenario analysis
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