Mesoporous MCM-41 Research Articles

Mesoporous silica MCM-41 and HMS as advanced drug delivery carriers for bicalutamide

This study presents the potential of Mobil Composition of Matter No.41 (MCM-41) and Hollow Mesoporous Silica (HMS) as an efficient drug delivery system for anticancer drug bicalutamide (BLT). Bicalutamide loaded nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-physisorption, dynamic light scattering (DLS), TEM and attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra. Drug loading procedure leads to high drug loading in both MCM-41 (40%) and HMS particles (62%). The loading of bicalutamide onto MCM-41 and HMS particles leads to a reduction in the initial burst effect and slows down the drug release in the used media compared to the pure drug. The safety experiments confirm good blood biocompatibility of both empty and bicalutamide-loaded nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity studies show that bicalutamide loading in mesoporous silica nanoparticles increases its in vitro antitumor activity against prostate adenocarcinoma LNCaP cells with the rank order of potency HMS/B > MCM-41/B > free bicalutamide.In conclusion, the newly developed formulations might be considered as promising delivery systems for bicalutamide, providing more reliable drug bioavailability, good safety and increased in vitro antitumor activity against LNCaP prostate adenocarcinoma cells.

MCM-41 mesoporous modified polyethersulfone nanofiltration membranes and their prospects for dyes removal

ABSTRACT This research presents the development of composite membranes incorporating MCM-41 mesoporous material which poses the potential to diminish membrane fouling by organic dyes molecules; a major problematic in leather tanning and textile industries. MCM-41 mesoporous was successfully synthesised and incorporated into polyethersulfone (PES) via the classical non induced phase separation (NIPS) at several loading ratios (0–1 wt.%). Characterisation process was carried out by a series of experimental tools to evaluate the composite membranes. All modified membranes displayed a notable enhancement in their hydrophilicity, roughness, porosity, mechanical strength. Besides that, composite membranes showcased an increase in their antifouling activity against the two dye models, Acid Black and Rose Bengal with increasing the MCM-41 ratio up to 0.5 wt.%. The fabricated PES-NF membranes manifested greater performance in terms of permeation characteristics compared to the pristine PES membrane, while maintained their selectivity against both dye solutions as high as 99%.

Direct synthesis of hierarchical zeolites through mesoporous 3D wormhole framework using single-head quaternary ammonium salt as structure-directing agent

Hierarchical aluminosilicate zeolites with uniform mesoporosity were successfully synthesized by one-stage crystallization under constant temperature with a novel single-head quaternary ammonium salt ([C18H37–N+(CH3)2–C6H12–N(CH3)2]Br−) as mesoporogen and structure-directing agent (SDA). Through precisely controlling the molar ratio of Si/Al and synthetic time, the mesoporous 3D wormhole framework (MCM-48) and crystalline microporous MFI structure were simultaneously constructed, revealed by a series of in-depth characteristic studies. Combining the advantages of the significantly improved diffusion from the mesoporous MCM-48 and the strong framework acidity of the crystalline microporous MFI zeolite, the hierarchical aluminosilicate zeolites exhibited outstanding catalytic activity with good reusability towards bulky aldol condensation compared with the conventional meso- or microporous zeolites.

Removal of Fluoride from Water Using Mesoporous MCM-41: An Optimization Approach Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Fluoride above 1.5 mg·L-1 is injurious to health. Removal of fluoride from water using mesoporous MCM-41 as a strong adsorbent material has been attempted. Characterization using transmission electron microscopic study of calcined MCM-41 showed the regular hexagonal array of mesoporous channels with an average size of 20 nm and the surface area (BET study) of 1306.96 m2·g-1. The average pore size of the particles was found to be 14.21 nm. A study on the effect of contact time on the removal of fluoride revealed that more than 85% uptake of fluoride onto MCM-41 was achieved at a contact time of 120 min. From the Langmuir adsorption study, the maximum sorption capacity of fluoride was found to be 63.05 mg/g at 301 K. From the thermodynamic study, the +ΔHo value of 2.29 kJ·mol-1 indicated the endothermic nature of the removal process. Application of Response Surface Model suggested that 77.88% of fluoride removal can be achieved at fluoride concentration of 10 mg·L-1, pH (6.3), and contact time of 120 min.

The efficient enrichment of marine peptides from the protein hydrolysate of the marine worm Urechis unicinctus by using mesoporous materials MCM-41, SBA-15 and CMK-3.

Peptides found in marine life have various specific activities due to their special growth environment, and there is increasing interest in the isolation and concentration of these biofunctional compounds. In this study, the protein hydrolysate of the marine worm Urechis unicinctus was prepared by enzymolysis and enriched by using mesoporous materials of silica MCM-41 and SBA-15 and carbon CMK-3. The differences in pore structures and elemental composition of these materials lead to differences in surface area and hydrophobicity. The adsorption capacities of peptides were 459.5 mg g-1, 431.3 mg g-1, and 626.3 mg g-1 for MCM-41, SBA-15 and CMK-3, respectively. Adsorption kinetics studies showed that the pseudo-second-order model fit the adsorption process better, where both external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion affected the adsorption, while the Langmuir model better fit the adsorption of peptides on MCM-41 and SBA-15 and the Freundlich model was more suitable for CMK-3. Aqueous acetonitrile (ACN, 50/50, v/v) yielded the most extracted peptides. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry of the extracted peptides showed that the three mesoporous materials, especially the CMK-3, gave good enrichment results. This study demonstrates the great potential of mesoporous materials in the enrichment of marine biofunctional peptides.

Remediation of oil refinery wastewater implementing functionalized mesoporous materials MCM-41 in batch and continuous adsorption process

Remediation of oil refinery wastewater implementing functionalized mesoporous materials MCM-41 in batch and continuous adsorption process

MCM-41-supported palladium (II) α-diimine complex: A recyclable catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction

A MCM-41-supported palladium (II) α-diimine complex has been synthesized via anchoring of 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane on mesoporous silica MCM-41, followed by grafting α-diimine ligand through the covalent approach to bind with Pd(II) ion. Different analytical technique such FT-IR, TGA, low angle powder XRD, SEM, TEM, ICP-MS and N2 sorption were used to characterize the complex. The complex serves as a highly active and recyclable catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction affording a variety of biaryls with good yields.

Enhanced gas permeation performance of mixed matrix membranes containing polysulfone and modified mesoporous MCM-41

The aim of this study was the development of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) based on silica MCM-41 dispersed in polysulfone (PSf) for the separation of carbon dioxide from methane. For this purpose, MCM-41 was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and was modified with 3-aminopropyltrietoxysilane (APTES). SEM, FTIR, BET and XRD analyses were used for characterization of the modified and unmodified particles. Then, various MMMs containing PSf at different weight percents (5, 10, 15 and 20) of modified and unmodified particles were prepared and the morphology and structure of the prepared membranes were studied using SEM and XRD analyses. Regardless of the particle type, the addition of MCM-41 to PSf caused an increase in gas permeability compared to a neat PSf membrane. Adding unmodified particles to PSf matrix resulted in undesirable effects, including particle agglomeration and/or the formation of interfacial voids. The MMMs with modified MCM-41 showed relatively better separation performance compared to MMMs with unmodified MCM-41. As a result, the MMM of PSf with 20 wt. % modified MCM-41 showed a significant increase in selectivity of carbon dioxide/methane and the value of selectivity reached 25.24.

Mesoporous MCM-41 modified with Cu(II) for indole removal: A Taguchi design

Mesoporous MCM-41 modified with Cu(II) for indole removal: A Taguchi design

Synthesis and Application of Cu(II) Immobilized MCM-41 Based Solid Lewis Acid Catalyst for Aminolysis Reaction Under Solvent-Free Condition

Abstract In this paper, a Cu(II) immobilized periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMOs) was synthesized and used as a reusable solid Lewis acid catalyst for the aminolysis of epoxides under solvent-free conditions. An amide-based ligand, l -propylsilyl (1) having a specific binding pocket was prepared and fabricated on mesoporous MCM-41 to produce mesoporous organosilica l -propylsilyl@MCM-41 (2). Further, it has been utilized for anchoring Cu(II) ions under controlled reaction conditions to yield solid Lewis acid catalyst Cu(II)- l -propylsilyl@MCM-41 (3). The synthesized catalyst 3 exhibits significantly higher catalytic activity for aminolysis compared to hitherto known solid Lewis acid catalysts. An extensive range of β-amino alcohols with high regio and stereoselectivity were prepared by using catalyst 3. The catalyst was recovered easily and reused eight times without any loss in its catalytic activity. Furthermore, the synthesis of clinically significant propranolol (β-blocker) from α- naphthyl glycidyl ether was attained successfully using catalyst 3 in a very decent yield.

In situ thermosensitive hybrid mesoporous silica: preparation and the catalytic activities for carbonyl compound reduction.

In this study, free-radical polymerisation inside MCM-41 mesopores was examined to expose a construction route for a temperature-responsive switchable polymer-silica nanohybrid material with well-defined porosity. Herein, we introduced a vinyl monomer (N-isopropyl acrylamide), a cross-linker, and an AIBN initiator into the palladium nanoparticle incorporated MCM-41 pore channels using the wet-impregnation method followed by in situ radical polymerisation. The structural properties of the synthesised PNIPAM-PdNP-MCM-41 catalyst were analysed by various sophisticated analytical techniques. The temperature switchable nanohybrid catalyst was used to reduce carbonyl compounds to their corresponding alcohols. The catalyst showed high catalytic efficiency and robustness in an aqueous medium at 25 °C. Moreover, the system's polymer layer remarkably boosted catalytic selectivity and activity for carbonyl compound reduction as compared to other controlled catalysts. The suggested switchable system can be employed as a temperature-controllable heterogeneous catalyst and highlights a substitute technique to counter the methodical insufficiency in switchable supported molecular catalytic system production.

Mesoporous MCM-41 derived from natural Opoka and its application for organic vapors removal

Mesoporous silica MCM-41 was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal treatment using sodium silicate extracted from natural Opoka as the Si source. The dynamic adsorption and desorption of organic vapors mixture on the MCM-41 were investigated. Characterization of the textural properties of the samples showed that the sample synthesized with a molar ratio of CTAB/Si = 0.16 possessed the largest specific surface area (988 m2/g) and pore volume (1.02 cm3/g), also uniform pore size distribution centered at 2.8 nm. The adsorption capacity of this sample for organic vapors mixture improved remarkably over raw Opoka and reached 158.5 mg/g at 20 ℃, which is comparable to that of commercial activated carbon. The reusability of the adsorbent was tested by 5 adsorption and regeneration cycles. Obtained results demonstrate that the MCM-41 adsorbent can be easily regenerated by thermal desorption in air, and the cumulative heel on the adsorbent can be markedly reduced by increasing the desorption temperature, making it a promising adsorbent for VOCs abatement.

MCM-41 grafted with citric acid: The role of carboxylic groups in enhancing the synthesis of xanthenes and removal of heavy metal ions

Order mesoporous MCM-41 was synthesized via a sol-gel method and then grafted by adding the appropriate amount of citric acid (CA). The structure and morphology of pure and grafted mesoporous MCM-41 were investigated by XRD, BET, TEM, and FT-IR measurements. TEM measurements confirm that MCM-41 particles display an ordered structure with uniform mesoporous arranges into a hexagonal, honeycomb-like lattice and still preserved their mesoporous structure after grafting with different weight contents of CA. The pore sizes and volume of the CA/MCM-41 samples were found to vary markedly within CA contents. The surface acidity and the type of acid sites (Brønsted and Lewis) were determined using the potentiometric titration method and the FTIR of pyridine adsorption. In this work, it was found that the textural, acidic properties and the activities of catalysts could be improved by citric acid treatment The results illustrated that the surface acidity and acidic strength of CA/MCM-41 gradually increased with increasing the CA amount up to 50 wt.%. Also, the prepared catalysts showed both Brönsted and Lewis acid sites and the number of Brönsted acid sites increased largely compared with Lewis acid sites with increasing the CA content which indicates the role of carboxylic groups in enhancing the Brönsted acid sites. The catalytic performance of the samples was tested by the synthesis of 14-Phenyl-14H-dibenzo [a, j] xanthene (xanthene). In this reaction, the sample with 50 wt.% of CA displayed the highest acidity and catalytic activity. The adsorption activity was examined for removing Cd2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solution with varying parameters such as pH, concentration, temperature and time. The equilibrium adsorption data obtained fitted with the Langmuir model and the adsorption kinetics favored the pseudo 2nd order model. Also, the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic.

High-purity hydrogen production by sorption-enhanced methanol steam reforming over a combination of Cu–Zn–CeO2–ZrO2/MCM-41 catalyst and (Li–Na–K) NO3·MgO adsorbent

In this study, sorption-enhanced methanol steam reforming (SEMSR) was applied to generate high-purity hydrogen. The mesoporous MCM-41 as support and CuO, ZnO, CeO2, ZrO2 as active agents and promoters were employed for the catalyst preparation. In addition, (Li–Na–K) NO3·MgO as a CO2 adsorbent was prepared by the wet mixing method. The fresh and used catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, H2-TPR and TGA analyses. Also, the CO2 sorbent was studied by XRD, BET, FESEM, TEM and TGA analyses before and after the reaction. The SEMSR performances of the synthesized catalyst and adsorbent were evaluated experimentally in a fixed-bed reactor. The effect of various conditions such as temperature, WHSV, feed molar ratio and sorbent/catalyst ratio were investigated. The best results were obtained at 300 °C, a feed molar ratio (water/methanol) of 2:1, a WHSV of 1.62 h−1, and the sorbent/catalyst ratio of 8:1, which produced 99.8% hydrogen, 25% more than the hydrogen production during conventional methanol steam reforming. Moreover, the cyclic stability of the catalyst and the sorbent was studied for 10 cycles.

Synthesis of Mg/Al-LDH nanoflakes decorated magnetic mesoporous MCM-41 and its application in humic acid adsorption

In this study, Mg/Al-LDH nanoflakes decorated magnetic mesoporous MCM-41 (magMCM-LDH) was prepared, and the materials were used as an adsorbent for the removal of humic acid (HA) from aqueous solution. The preparation, morphology, composition and magnetic properties of magMCM-LDH were characterized by various techniques. The results suggested that the Mg/Al-LDH nanoflakes have successfully decorated on the magMCM-41. Various batch experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of contacting time, initial concentration, solution pH and ions concentration. The results suggested that the adsorption process of HA onto 10-magMCM-LDH was spontaneous and endothermic, which conformed to the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of 10-magMCM-LDH was 181.14 mg/g at the temperature of 298 K. A lower pH and a higher ion concentration of the solution can be beneficial to the adsorption process. The adsorbent processed an excellent practical application and regeneration ability. Finally, FT-IR, XRD, XPS analyses proved that the electrostatic interactions and ion-exchange may play an important role in the adsorption process.

Tert-Butylamine functionalized MCM-41 mesoporous nanoparticles as drug carriers for the controlled release of cyclophosphamide anticancer drug

Mesoporous MCM-41 nanoparticles were synthesized and functionalized using 13-21% of tert-butylamine (TBA) and applied as efficient drug delivery systems (DDSs). The anticancer drug cyclophosphamide (CP) was loaded into the mesopores of the carriers. The surface area, pore volume and pore size of MCM-41 were measured to be 91.83 m2/g, 2.08 cm3/g and 106.35 Å whereas those of the TBA-functionalized MCM-41 samples were considerably smaller confirming the TBA molecules were attached to the pores and surfaces of these materials. The drug release was investigated within three diverse environments including acidic (pH=4), alkaline (pH=14) and neutral phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH=7.4). The cyclophosphamide release was significantly increased (burst release) in about 24 h and then a sustained drug release was occurred within 7 days. Also, the greatest amount of drug release was occurred in alkaline environment, moderate amount in neutral medium and the lowest amount in acidic solution. The MTT assay proved that all MCM-41-x%TBA nanocarriers had high cell viabilities (very low cytotoxicity values) to the L929 murine fibroblast cells indicating these materials are favorable drug vehicles. The kinetics models for the drug release was investigated using the zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowel and Korsmeyer-Peppas models and it was found that the CP drug release from all carriers followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Lastly, the MCM-41 nanomaterial functionalized with 17% TBA was suggested as the most desirable system due to they had satisfactory amounts of both drug loading and release.

Withdrawal Notice: Nickel (II) and oxovanadium (IV) complexes supported on MCM-41 mesoporous and their application in catalytic selective sulfide and thiol oxidation

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Understanding molecular motion mechanism of phase change materials in mesoporous MCM-41

Abstract Although nanoporous shape-stabilized composite phase change materials (PCMs) could efficiently address the leakage issue of pure PCMs during the solid-liquid phase transition process, numerous experiments have verified that the thermophysical parameters of the nanoporous shape-stabilized composite PCMs are significantly different from those of macroscopic bulk PCMs due to the nanoconfinement effects. However, macroscopic experimental data cannot directly reflect the microscopic interaction mechanisms in composite PCMs. Herein, to systematically understand the molecular motion mechanisms of PCMs with different functional groups (octadecane, octadecylamine, octadecanol and stearic acid) confined in the mesoporous MCM-41, we utilize molecular dynamics to simulate the spatial distribution and motion states of surface adsorbed PCMs molecules. This study aims to systematically reveal the interaction mechanisms between mesoporous MCM-41 and surface adsorbed PCMs at the molecular and atomic levels, thus providing constructive theoretical guidance and reference data for the targeted design and preparation of high-performance MCM-41-based composite PCMs.

Sensing application of novel nanocomposite based on lanthanide functionalized nanoporous material and polymer matrix

Recently, lanthanide hybrid material has aroused great interest because of its wide range application in lighting material, bio-imaging, chemical/biological sensing and so on. Here, a binary lanthanide terbium/mesoporous silica hybrid material (Tb@MCM-41), and a ternary lanthanide terbium/mesoporous silica/polyurethane hybrid material (Tb@MCM-41@PU) are reported. Typically, the lanthanide Tb3+ ions were connected onto the surface of mesoporous MCM-41 via the molecular bridge built by the synergy of silane coupling agent (APTEOS) and chelating reagent (DTPA), and then the resulted Tb@MCM-41 was encapsulated into a commercial polymer matrix (PU) to form Tb@MCM-41@PU composite film. The sensing experiments conducted in solution had proven that Tb@MCM-41 has good selective sensing ability to the dopamine molecular. And further experiments also indicated the Tb@MCM-41@PU composite film can be used as a very convenient sensor tool towards dopamine.

Amino-grafted mesoporous MCM-41 and SBA-15 recyclable adsorbents: Desert-rose-petals-like SBA-15 type as the most efficient to remove azo textile dyes and their mixture from water

Amino-grafted Mobil Composition of Matter N. 41 (MCM-41/NH2) and Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15/NH2) type mesoporous adsorbents were successfully used and compared in this work to remove azo dyes (and their mixture) from highly colored solutions. This paper reports a very fast removal and recycle (in 5 min) of great amounts of textile dyes (about the 100%) by materials characterized by high adsorption/desorption capacities. A qmax ≈ 250 mg/g for each adsorption cycle, that should be potentially increase to ≈ 1250 mg/g, under appropriate experimental conditions, was found for the proposed adsorbents. The UV–Vis absorption spectra of dyes were used to support this finding, determining the rate of adsorption. Several parameters affecting the adsorption process were investigated: the contact time, dyes solution pH values and amount of the adsorbent materials, ranging from 0.4 mg to 12 mg, and dyes (5 × 10−5 M and 1 × 10−5 M). Further, the Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, SAXS patterns, TG analyses, Zeta-potential measurements and microscopic imaging techniques, such as SEM and TEM, were used to detail the nature of interaction between dyes and adsorbents, and to investigate the morphology and the mesoporous array of the amino grafted MCM-41 and SBA-15.