Mesiodistal Width Research Articles

Identification of dental sexual dimorphism in deciduous teeth using craniometry and odontometry: A cross sectional study

Sex determination is an important aspect in identification of individuals especially in cases of identifying victims of mass disasters, organised crimes etc. Odontometry is the measurement and study of tooth size. Cranial anthropometry is the measurement of skull dimensions and is considered to be a versatile technique in the investigation of the craniofacial skeleton because of its validity and practicality. To assess tooth crown area of the deciduous molar teeth, to assess head size, to evaluate the extent of sexual dimorphism using head and dental dimension: This study was done in 150 boys and 150 girls. Maxillary and mandibular arch impressions were made, casts were made with dental stone. A vernier calliper was used for obtaining the measurements. Mesiodistal width and buccolingual width of all the molars were measured in millimetres, tooth crown area (TCA) was calculated. Head dimensions were measured using Martin spreading calliper, Cephalic Index (CI) was calculated. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired “t” test, and logistic regression analysis was performed.: The highest tooth crown area was shown by mandibular left second deciduous molar for both boys and girls (p<0.05). Boys showed higher cephalic index compared to girls (p<0.05). The highest percent dimorphism was obtained for maxillary left first deciduous molar.Tooth crown area and head size can serve as a valuable aid for sex determination in pediatric population.

Accuracy of mesiodistal teeth and dental arch width measurement with conventional plaster and digital model study

Objective: This study aims to determine the accuracy of the sum mesiodistal width and the arch width from the conventional plaster model, 2D digital scan, 3D intraoral scanning, and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) methods. Material and Methods: The type of research in this study is a comparative experimental conducted by comparing 5 different sample groups. The study was conducted on 5 study models in each group, the control group (typodont), and the treatment group (the conventional plaster model, 2D digital scan, 3D intraoral scanning, and CBCT). The parameters measured were the sum of mesiodistal width and inter premolar. Each measurement was repeated 3 times by the same observer, then averaged. Statistical analysis using Pearson Correlation to determine the correlation between the accuracy of the measurement method compared to the control group (typodont). Results: The results showed that there was a significant accuracy correlation (p<0.05) in measuring the sum of mesiodistal width and inter premolar between the control group (typodont) using conventional plaster model measurement methods, 2D digital scan, 3D intraoral scanning, and CBCT. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is conventional measurement methods, 2D digital scan, 3D intraoral scanning, and CBCT are accurate in measuring the sum of mesiodistal width and inter premolar width.

Preclinical evaluation of the effect of periodontal regeneration by carbonate apatite in a canine one-wall intrabony defect model.

This study aimed to histologically compare periodontal regeneration of one-wall intrabony defects treated with open flap debridement, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) in dogs. The mandibular third premolars of four beagle dogs were extracted. Twelve weeks after the extraction, a one-wall bone defect of 4mm×5mm (mesio-distal width×depth) was created on the distal side of the mandibular second premolar and mesial side of the fourth premolar. Each defect was randomly allocated to open flap debridement (control group), periodontal regeneration utilizing β-TCP, or CO3Ap. Eight weeks after the surgery, histologic and histometric analyses were performed. No ankylosis, infection, or acute inflammation was observed at any of the experimental sites. Newly formed bone and cementum were observed in all experimental groups. The mineral apposition rate of the alveolar bone crest was higher in the CO3Ap group than in the control and β-TCP groups. The ratio of the new bone area was significantly higher in the CO3Ap group than in the control group (P<0.05). The bone contact percentage of the residual granules was significantly higher in the CO3Ap group than in the β-TCP group (P<0.05). Although this study has limitations, the findings revealed the safety and efficacy of CO3Ap for periodontal regeneration in one-wall intrabony defects in dogs, and CO3Ap has a better ability to integrate with bone than β-TCP.

Applicability of Tooth Size Prediction Methods in Sudanese Adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective To test the applicability of the methods proposed by Tanaka and Johnston, Bernabe and Floris-Mir, and Melgaco et al. in Sudanese children; and to propose new prediction equations, if required, using the best combination of the teeth. Materials and Methods Dental casts were obtained from 120 Sudanese children (60 males and 60 females) aged 13–17 years (mean = 14.8 years; SD = 1.00 years). Mesiodistal tooth widths were measured to 0.01 mm using a sliding caliper with a Vernier scale. Paired and independent student t-tests were used to determine the differences in the contralateral sides and genders, respectively. Paired student’s t-test was used to compare the actual sum of permanent canine and premolars with the predicted one. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed. Results No statistically significant differences in mesiodistal tooth widths were observed between the contralateral sides, conversely, genders showed significant differences. Statistically significant differences were found in the prediction methods, except in the mandibular arch of males for Tanaka and Johnston’s method. All the methods overestimated the actual sum of permanent canines and premolars. The sum of the mandibular permanent lateral incisors and first molars was considered the best predictor, with moderate correlation and determination coefficients (r= 0.557–0.690 and r2 = 0.288–0.477, respectively). Conclusions A limitation was found in the application of the methods proposed by Tanaka and Johnston, Bernabe and Floris-Mir and Melgaco et al. Therefore, new prediction equations with more accuracy were proposed for Sudanese children.

Patient-centered outcome measures comparing the autogenous and allogenic bone blocks in the augmentation of deficient alveolar ridges: A pilot study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the patient-reported experience and outcome measures (PREMS and PROMS) and three-dimensional augmentation efficacy of the autogenous and allogenic bone block grafts in deficient alveolar ridges through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Twenty patients were equally divided into Groups I and II treated with autogenous and allogenic bone block grafts for ridge augmentation, respectively. The radiographic parameters including the apico-coronal defect height (DH) as well as buccolingual defect depth (DD) and mesiodistal defect width (DW) at apical, middle, and cervical zone were measured using CBCT at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. The PREMS and PROMS were evaluated using Visual analogue scale (VAS) scale and questionnaire method. The mean DH, apical DD and DW, middle and cervical zone DW were significantly different between two study groups (P < 0.05). The mean apical 11.6 ± 1.91 and middle zone 9.43 ± 0.89 DD were significantly higher (in Group I as compared to Group II, with P values 0.016 and 0.004, respectively). The mean bone gains in apico-coronal DH and mesio-distal DW dimension in the apical and middle zone was significantly higher in Group I (P < 0.0001). The comparison of PROM revealed better patient satisfaction in Group II as depicted by significantly higher VAS score (P < 0.0001). Superior bone gain and reduced graft resorption was observed in Group I when compared to Group II. On the contrary, better PROMs and PREMs were obtained with the allogenic bone block augmentation.

Mixed Dentition Analysis in and around Kanpur City: An Existential and Illustrative Study.

Mixed dentition space analysis helps in determining the discrepancy between the available and required space in each dental arch during the mixed dentition period; further, it helps to diagnose and plan the treatment of developing malocclusion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of Tanaka and Johnston's and Moyer's methods of predicting the size of permanent canines and premolars and compare the tooth size between the right and left sides between males and females, and also to compare the predicted values of mesiodistal widths of permanent canines and premolars from Tanaka and Johnston and Moyer's method with the measured values. The sample consisted of 58 sets of study models, of which 20 were girls and 38 were boys, that were collected from the children of the 12-15 year age-group. A digital vernier gauge, whose beaks were sharpened, was used to measure the mesiodistal widths of the individual teeth in order to increase accuracy. The two-tailed paired t-tests were used to assess the bilateral symmetry of the mesiodistal diameter of all measured individual teeth. It was concluded that Tanaka and Johnston's method could not accurately predict the mesiodistal widths of unerupted canines and premolars of children of Kanpur city due to the high variability in estimation, whereas the least statistically significant difference was obtained only at 65% level of Moyer's probability chart for male, female, and combined sample. Gaur S, Singh N, Singh R, et al. Mixed Dentition Analysis in and around Kanpur City: An Existential and Illustrative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(5):603-609.

A Study On Odontometric Assessment Of Mandibular Canine For Sexual Dimorphism

Introduction: Gender identification from the skeletal remains is an important part and procedure of forensic sciences. In forensic investigations the tooth especially canine gives excellent evidence in determining the gender because of many physical characters of it. Sexual dimorphism of mandibular canine provides an immense usage in forensic investigation. The aim of the study was to assess the dimensions of mandibular canines, as an adjunctive tool in determination of gender and dimorphism pertaining to the age group of 21-32 years. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 80 subjects in general population (40 males and 40 females). Following parameters were considered in the study; mesiodistal width of right and left mandibular canine, intercanine arch width and right and left MCI. All the measurements were taken on dental casts and tabulated for statistical analysis. Results: Mesiodistal dimension and intercanine values were utilised to determine the mean for the right and left mandibular canine. Assessment of the Standard Mandibular canine index showed more sexual dimorphism with right mandibular canine. Conclusion: The accuracy of determining gender using the mesiodistal parameter of mandibular canine turns out to be satisfactory and justifies usage as tool in forensic sciences. Keywords : Mandibular Canine, Canine Index, Sexual Dimorphism, Mass Disaster.

The relationship between bizygomatic width and mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth in a Javanese population

The selection of the mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth is the key to success in prosthodontic treatment. Determining anterior teeth width when there is no existing pre-extraction record can be done through bizygomatic width measurement. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between bizygomatic width and mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth in the Javanese population. This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted on 32 Javanese subjects who met the following criteria: being 18-25 years of age, having Angle class 1 malocclusion, having complete maxillary anterior permanent teeth, not using dentures, currently not undergoing any orthodontic treatment, and having no abnormalities found in the facial area. The bizygomatic width was measured with a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm from the marked right and left bizygomatic points. The mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth was measured using dental floss looped from the distal left canine to the right canine. Dental floss marked with a pen was stretched horizontally on paper and then measured with a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The measurement was done in triplicate. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and the simple linear regression test. This study’s analysis revealed a strong and positive correlation (r = 0.538 and p &lt; 0.05) between the bizygomatic width and mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth. The result of the simple linear regression test showed a significant result (p &lt; 0.05). It can be concluded that there was a relationship between the bizygomatic width and the mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth in the Javanese population. The mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth in the Javanese population can be measured by multiplying the bizygomatic width by the multiplier factor, i.e., 0.427.

Risk indicators associated with peri-implant diseases: a retrospective cross-sectional study of Colombian patients with 1 to 18 years of follow-up.

Peri-implant mucositis (PIM) and peri-implantitis (PI) are multicausal conditions with several risk factors contributing to their pathogenesis. In this study, we retrospectively investigated risk variables potentially associated with these peri-implant diseases (PIDs) over a follow-up period of 1 to 18 years. The study sample consisted of 379 implants placed in 155 patients. Single-visit clinical and radiographic evaluations were employed to determine the presence or absence of PIDs. Parameters related to the patient, site, surgery, implant, and prosthetic restoration were documented. The relationships between risk variables and the occurrence of PIDs were individually examined and adjusted for confounders using multivariate binary logistic regression models. The prevalence rates of PIM and PI were 28.4% and 36.8% at the patient level and 33.5% and 24.5% at the implant level, respectively. Poor oral hygiene, active gingivitis/periodontitis, preoperative alveolar ridge deficiency, early or delayed implant placement, implant length of 11.0 mm or less, and poor restoration quality were strong and independent risk indicators for both PIDs. Furthermore, a follow-up period of more than 5 years and a loading time of more than 4 years were important indicators for PI. Simultaneously, age and smoking status acted as modifiers of the effect of mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) widths of restoration on PI. In this study population, oral hygiene, periodontal status, preoperative alveolar ridge status, implant placement protocol, implant length, and the quality of coronal restoration appear to be robust risk indicators for both PIM and PI. Additionally, the length of follow-up and functional loading time are robust indicators of PI. Furthermore, the potential modifying relationships of age and smoking status with the MD and BL widths of restoration may be crucial for the development of PI.

Correlation between head circumference and mesio-distal width of the maxillary central incisor: a cross sectional study among three different population groups.

The size and shape of a tooth vary between individuals of different ethnic groups and genders because of the influence of different genetic factors. The information regarding the different anatomical factors using maxillary anterior teeth is very scanty. Thus to give more clarity, a study was planned to assess the correlation between head circumference and tooth-mesiodistal width among children of different ethnic origins.The study was carried out on 210 children aged 7 to 12 years in schools at Abha, Saudi Arabia.The mesiodistal (MD) width of the central incisor was measured using a digital vernier caliper. A Meter tape ruler was used to measure the Head/Cephalic dimensions. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS 20.0, and the results were analyzed. It was found that mean MD tooth width and head circumference were maximum in Saudi children, followed by South Asian and Arab/African, with an insignificant statistical difference (p-value > 0.05). Correlation between MD dimensions of maxillary central incisor with head circumference was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) among Saudi and South Asian populations, whereas statistically insignificant (p-value > 0.05) difference between Saudi and Arab/African populations. It was concluded that there exist the ethnic differences between tooth-mesiodistal width and head circumference dimensions of children. A positive correlation between head circumference and mesiodistal width of the central incisor was determined.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in odontogenesis-related genes associated with tooth-size discrepancy

Abstract Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RUNX2, SMAD6, BMP2, and BMP4 genes in relation to tooth-size discrepancy (TSD). Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment measured the mesiodistal width of permanent teeth from pretreatment dental casts. Sixty-two patients were included in the study and TSD was assessed according to the Bolton analysis. The patients were allocated into a control group (without a TSD), an anterior excess group and an overall excess group. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples, and SNPs previously associated with tooth size were evaluated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system. The Fisher exact test was performed to compare genotype and allele frequencies at an α = 0.05. An Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were calculated. Results: The rs59983488 SNP in the RUNX2 gene was significantly related to the presence of anterior mandibular tooth-size excess in allele (T allele: p&lt;0.001; OR = 11.74; 95% CI =2.61–55.80), and genotype models (GT genotype: p = 0.002; OR = 12.69; 95% CI = 2.47–64.83). The rs3934908 SNP in the SMAD6 gene was significantly associated with the presence of an overall maxillary tooth-size excess in allele (T allele: p &lt; 0.001) and genotype models (TT genotype: p = 0.010). Conclusion: The present results suggest that SNPs in RUNX2 (rs59983488) and SMAD6 (rs3934908) genes may be associated with the presence of tooth-size excess.

Determining Mathematical Standards for Smile Designing Using Berry’s Biometric Index and the Golden Proportion

Introduction: Berry’s biometric index correlates the bizygomatic width to the width of the maxillary central incisors (CIs). It has also been suggested that dental and facial esthetics follow the concept of the golden ratio (1.61803). The present research aims to evaluate the practical applicability of Berry’s bizygomatic index and the golden ratio to the width of the maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The bizygomatic width and the width of all the maxillary anterior teeth were measured for a total sample of n = 100. The width of maxillary CI was calculated by Berry’s biometric index and the other teeth by golden ratio. The measured and calculated values were compared by means of statistical analysis. Results: The age of study participants ranged from 19 to 35 years with a mean of 24.99 years (standard deviation = ±5.098). There was no statistically significant difference between the measured and the calculated values (P &gt; 0.05). The relative Dahlberg’s error was found to be low for all the teeth. Conclusion: Berry’s biometric index along with golden proportion can be reliably used to determine the mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth. The methods can be implemented in cases where there is no reference to determine the width of upper anterior teeth during any esthetic restorative procedure. Maxillary anterior teeth dictate the esthetics of a smile; therefore, this study attempts to shed light on the importance of the coherent use of these mathematical ratios to provide an objective formula for smile rehabilitation.

Justification of use of fixed retainers based on the analysis of size of the incisor and canine crowns

Anatomical features of the teeth should be accounted for dental treatment plans. The need for constant monitoring of changes in the dentition system determines the relevance of this research. The study aimed to establish the size of anterior teeth with the help of odontometry. We made bi-layer single stage impressions and cast diagnostic models of the anterior teeth of 50 male and 50 female participants aged 18–24 years. The absolute sizes of crowns of incisors and canines were established. To assess the reduction of lateral incisors, we calculated the interincisor index (Ii) of teeth 22 and 21; sexual dimorphism was determined using the Garn–Lewis formula. It was discovered that there are no differences in the mesiodistal widths of crowns of contralateral teeth on the right and left sides (p &gt; 0.05). The mesiodistal width of crowns of anterior teeth decreases (significant changes) in the following order: maxillary central incisors → maxillary canines → mandibular canines and maxillary lateral incisors → mandibular lateral incisors → mandibular central incisors. The degree of reduction of lateral incisors is low (Ii = 74.9) and more prominent in males than in females. In the examined patients, the greatest mean length of crowns of anterior teeth is that of upper central incisors and lower canines, while upper canines are shorter in length and upper lateral incisors, lower central and lateral incisors have the shortest mean crown length. Males have longer (mean length) crowns of lower canines, upper incisors and canines than females, the difference being significant (p &lt; 0.001). The parameters of the crowns determined in this study showed that they have sufficient height and mesiodistal width, which, together with the low degree of reduction of the lateral incisors, justifies the possibility of direct fabrication of orthodontic fixed retainers. The data can also be used at the stage of dental treatment planning.

Clinical Crown Length, Width and the Width/Length Ratio of the Maxillary Central Incisor Among Patients Reporting to a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal

Introduction: The most important aspect of dental and facial esthetics is the display of anterior teeth. It becomes a primary consideration to restore the correct size and proportion of anterior teeth for patients seeking prosthodontic treatment. There is tremendous influence of geographic location, race, ethnic background, gender in determining the size and proportion of anterior teeth. There is paucity of data regarding the width, length and width/length ration of central incisors in Nepalese population. Methods: An Observational, descriptive study was conducted in patients visiting T.U. Dental Teaching Hospital. Maxillary impression was made in alginate impression material and poured in dental stone. A digital caliper was used for the measurements, with a precision of 0.01 mm. The maximum mesiodistal width and the maximum crown length of the maxillary central incisors was recorded for each tooth. These data was tabulated and the width/length ratio was calculated. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science Version 17 (SPSS Ver. 17) and descriptive statistics was calculated. Results: A total of 127 participants were included in the study of which 64 (50.39%) were males and 63 (49.61%) were females. The mean width/length ratio for right and left central incisors are 0.89 and 0.86 respectively for males and 0.89 on both the sides for females. In case of right central incisors, males had higher mean crown width and length than female and these differences were found to be statistically significant. In case of left central incisor, there was a statistically significant difference in mean crown length between male and female, males having higher length score than female. Conclusion: Males had higher mean crown width and length than female and these differences were found to be statistically significant. The width/length ration for central incisor ranged from 0.86 to 0.89. Knowledge about the size and proportion of upper anterior teeth allows dental rehabilitation taking into consideration the local parameters of a population.

The labiopalatal impacted canine: Accurate diagnosis based on the position and size of adjacent teeth: A cone-beam computed tomography study

Labiopalatal impacted canines (L-PICs) occur when the canines lie between central and lateral incisors, with their tip palatal to the central incisor and part of their crown labial to the lateral incisor. Because of their unusual position, they are often misdiagnosed, and their orthodontic resolution fails. This study aims to provide clinicians with pathognomonic features for early and accurate positional diagnosis of L-PICs. The L-PIC sample included 21 subjects with full diagnostic records. The control group of normally erupted canines was taken from a previous study. Clinical photographs, 2-dimensional radiographs, and cone-beam computed tomography were used to evaluate the positions of the adjacent incisors and first premolars, the canine incisor index, and the mesiodistal width of the lateral vs central incisors. Central incisors adjacent to L-PICs showed significant mesial root angulation, labial root inclination, and mesiolabial crown rotation, whereas lateral incisors presented significant distal root angulation, palatal root inclination, and mesiolabial crown rotation, in comparison to controls. The roots of the central and lateral incisors were divergent, in contrast to the controls, in which they were slightly convergent. The first premolar positions were not affected. The mean canine incisor index was significantly bigger in L-PICs vs the controls, suggesting a palatal canine. The lateral incisor widths were similar between the groups. This study provides the orthodontist with evidence-based clinical and radiographic red flags for diagnosing L-PIC, which may allow timely initiation of orthodontic treatment and correct planning of mechanotherapy.

APPLICABILITY OF TANAKA JOHNSTON METHOD ON PAKISTANI POPULATION

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Tanaka and Johnston method is commonly used to predict the sizes of unerupted canines and premolars at mixed dentition stage. The accuracy of this method varies among different populations. The aim of this study was to derive the new regression equations for Pakistani population. The study models of 200 patients were selected. The mesiodistal widths of the permanent mandibular incisors, all canines and premolars were measured. Regression analyses were used to derive new regression equations for Pakistani population. The estimated mesiodistal widths of the maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars derived through Tanaka and Johnston method were significantly greater than the actual measured mesiodistal width of these teeth. The Tanaka and Johnston prediction equation overestimated the mesiodistal widths of canine and premolars in Pakistani population. The new prediction equations derived from this study would be more accurate for Pakistani population.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

A gender determination using mandibular canine index – a prospective study on Mumbai population and comprehensive review

Background: Teeth is considered a necessitous auxiliary in skeletal age, and determination of gender because teeth have post-mortem destruction and fragmentation resistance and they are last to be destroyed under extreme conditions like temperature, acid, or putrefaction.&#x0D; Aims: To evaluate the differences in odontometrics of mandibular canine between males and females and assessment of gender by calculating differences in the mandibular canine index (MCI) of male and female subjects.&#x0D; Settings and Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Subjects and methods: This study focus on evaluation of the existence of sexual dimorphism in the Mumbai population which included permanent mandibular canine of 100 male &amp; 100 female subjects of age group 21 to 28 years. The mesio-distal width (MDW) of right and left canine and inter-canine distance (ICD) were measured. Subsequently, the mandibular canine index was calculated.&#x0D; Results: No evidence of any significant statistical difference between the right and left mandibular canines among the same gender, but when compared between male and female, mandibular left canine exhibited greater sexual dimorphism (10 %) as compared with the right canine (9.2 %). The standard MCI value for the Mumbai population was 0.24.&#x0D; Conclusions: MCI technique can be used as one of the simple, reliable, and adjuvant diagnostic method for gender determination in forensic dentistry. As it is influenced by various factors like genetics, epigenetics, geographical locations, etc.; it is recommended to carry out population based studies so that standardized values will help in gender determination precisely.

Comparative evaluation of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft with and without concentrated growth factor membrane in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

The current study's aim was to evaluate and compare demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) with and without concentrated growth factor (CGF) membrane in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects on both a clinical and radiographic level. 30 stage III grade B periodontitis patients with bilateral intrabony defects were involved in the split mouth randomized controlled trial, and they received either DFDBA alone (control group) or DFDBA plus CGF membrane treatment (test group). At baseline and 6 and 12months, the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession (GR) were assessed, whereas cone beam computed tomography was used to assess the bone defect height (BDH), vertical bone loss (VBL), bone defect depth (BDD), mesio-distal bone defect width (MDBDW), bucco-lingual bone defect width (BLBDW), and bone defect volume (CBCT) at baseline and 12months. The radiographic measures BDH, BDD, MDBDW, BLBDW, and BDV in the test group likewise showed a higher reduction in PPD and gain in CAL than the control group. The results of the intergroup comparison showed that the test group had statistically significant differences in BDH, BDD, and MDBDW. The data show that the test group achieved better results, with greater reductions in PPD, gains in CAL, and decreases in BDH, BDD, MDBDW, BLBDW, and BDV. The use of concentrated growth factor in conjunction with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft may be suggested for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects.

A Comparative Analysis of Interpupillary Distance and Corneal Diameter for Assessment of Width of Maxillary Central Incisor Using Digital Photography

Aim - The purposefulness of this study was to establish if a correlation existed between interpupillary distance, corneal diameter, and the width of the maxillary central incisor in selection of teeth .Materials and methods - A total of 120 subjects-60 males and 60 females in the age group 18-26 years were selected based on predetermined selection criteria. On smiling the digital facial image constituting the teeth and the eyes were captured using standardized digital camera. The digital measurements of the interpupillary distance, corneal diameter (medial aperture height, tangential to cornea) and mesiodistal width of maxillary right central incisor in millimeters were analysed using Adobe Photoshop creative cloud software. The data was tabulated , to assess the association between the variables a Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation was used.Result –Although the Pearson correlation coefficient(PC) was relatively weak (r&lt;0.39) a significant relationship existed between interpupillary distance and (right, left) maxillary central incisor width with p-value &lt;0.01. A negligible positive correlation (r&lt; 0.27) existed between right corneal diameter and (right, left) maxillary central incisor width with p value &lt;0.01. A negligible positive correlation (r&lt; 0.28) existed between left corneal diameter and (right, left) maxillary central incisor width with p value &lt;0.01.Conclusion - The correlations between interpupillary distance, right and left corneal diameter with maxillary central incisor were unable to produce a strong positive statistical association.

Mean Mesiodistal Width of Canine in Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

The measurement of the teeth is one of the most reliable method of identification. The teeth represent the most durable, resilient, and chemically stable part of the skeleton. The comparison of tooth dimensions is one of the tools of sex determination. Canines, in particular, are found to have the greatest degree of sexual dimorphism. The aim of the study was to determine the mean mesiodistal width of canines in patients visiting a tertiary care centre. This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among patients visiting a tertiary care centre from 25 August 2021 to 28 December 2021. The ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee [Reference number: 61 (6-11)E2 078/079]. The maximum mesiodistal width of the permanent maxillary canine was measured by a digital vernier caliper. The formula given by Garn and Len was used to calculate sexual dimorphism. Convenience sampling was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Among 104 maxillary casts studied, the mean mesiodistal width of the maxillary canine was 7.85±0.45 mm (7.76-7.93, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean mesiodistal width of the right maxillary canine in males and females were 7.90±0.48 mm and 7.83±0.45 mm respectively and that of the left maxillary canines in males and females were 7.92±0.44 mm and 7.75±0.45 mm respectively. The sexual dimorphism in the right and left maxillary canine was seen in 10 (0.96%) and 22 (2.12%) respectively. The mean mesiodistal width of the maxillary canine was similar to other studies done in similar settings. canine teeth; maxillary bone; sexual dimorphism.