This study aims at investigating the early-age behaviour of textile-reinforced cementitious matrix composites. Six different configurations with two types of reinforcements (glass and carbon meshes) and three different reinforcement layers were tested. Experimental measurements were conducted using various measurement techniques: optical fibre sensors, thermocouples, thermal cameras, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The different phases of expansion and shrinkage were monitored during the first 12 h and after 15 days from casting. The effects of air contact, textile, and mesh size of reinforcement grids were evaluated and discussed. Then, the effect of shrinkage on the mechanical tensile behaviour of these composites was identified and analysed. Moreover, a chemical analysis was performed to determine the influences of the constituents, the cement hydration process and related heat release on the early-age behaviour of these cementitious matrix composites.