Mesh Sheet Research Articles

Multiple scattering effect of spherical LaPO4 enhanced broadband emissivity for heat dissipation of electronic devices

High-performance infrared radiation materials with excellent broadband emissivity, remarkable thermal stability, and scalable fabrication processes play a vital role in heat dissipation and energy-saving applications. However, current strategies of broadband emissivity enhancement remain inadequate. This study investigates the impact of LaPO4 morphology on the infrared radiation properties of composite coating. Three distinct morphologies (sphere, rod and mesh sheet) of LaPO4 are explored using a simulation-aided method. The composite coating filled with large-sized spherical LaPO4 particles with low diffuse reflection, exhibits a significantly enhanced infrared radiation capability, resulting in a broadband emissivity of 95.6 %. Furthermore, the composite coating achieves a large temperature reduction of 6.2 °C and high cooling efficiency of 11.9 % when subjected to a heating power of 2250 W/m2. This work provides an innovative strategy for regulating material emissivity through morphology control, benefiting advancements low-cost radiation heat transfer technology.

Mechanical Properties of Novel Hybrid Bamboo Fibre/Aluminium Mesh Reinforced Polymer Composite

Bamboo fibres are one of the sustainable lignocellulosic resources explored for polymer composites in recent years. Research has shown that bamboo fibres have the potential to be used in a variety of critical applications. Nevertheless, bamboo fibres are susceptible to thermal and hygroscopic loads, and their mechanical properties are limited by the unequal interfacial strength and varying fibre dimensions. Implementing hybrid procedures or incorporating alternative materials, such as aluminium metal, is strongly advised to address this issue. Thus, this study investigates the tensile and flexural performances of the hybrid bamboo fibre/aluminium expanded mesh-reinforced polymer composites. The composites were fabricated using epoxy resin reinforced with bamboo fibre, and an aluminium expanded mesh sheet was constructed using a vacuum infusion process utilising various stacking sequences and mesh sizes. The test findings indicated that the composite material exhibited tensile stress values ranging from 27 to 34 MPa and a corresponding tensile strain value between 1.1% and 1.6%. The flexural strength and strain values were measured within the range of 44 Mpa to 59 Mpa and 2.2% to 3.2%, respectively. ANOVA analysis showed that both stacking sequences and mesh size significantly affected the tensile performances of the composites, while only stacking sequences affected the flexural performance significantly. Overall, a hybrid composite of bamboo fibre and aluminium mesh is well-suited as a substitute material in industries requiring exceptional mechanical properties.

Method for fabricating a mesh ripple filter for charged-particle therapy

Objective. A simple, low-cost ripple filter consisting of multiple mesh sheets (mRiFi) was previously developed to reproducibly widen the Bragg peak of heavy-ion beams. To fabricate the mRiFi, the mRiFi parameters such as the wire material, wire diameter, wire spacing, and number of mesh sheets had to be determined. However, it was unclear how these parameters contribute to shifting and widening of the Bragg peak as well as to lateral spreading of the beam passing through the mRiFi. The purposes of this study were to clarify the contributions and to propose a recipe for fabricating a mRiFi with the desired performance values. Approach. We established an analytical calculation method to estimate shifting and widening of the Bragg peak and lateral spreading of heavy-ion beams passing through the mRiFi for given mRiFi parameter values. We also performed Monte Carlo simulations to validate the analytical calculation method. The recipe for fabricating the mRiFi with desired performances was established based on the analytical calculation method. Using the recipe, we fabricated the mRiFi for multi-ion therapy and evaluated its performance through demonstration experiments with helium-, carbon-, oxygen-, and neon-ion beams. Main results. The difference between the results of the Monte Carlo simulation and the analytical calculation was less than 0.4 mm for the peak shift, 0.15 mm for the peak width, and less than 0.11 mm for the lateral beam size which validated the analytical calculation method. The experimentally observed shift and width of the Bragg peak were consistent with the analytical calculations. Significance. We proposed a method to determine mRiFi parameters for fabricating a mRiFi with a desired performance, i.e. adequate widening of the Bragg peak with an acceptable peak shift and lateral beam spread. The proposed method allows anyone to fabricate a simple and low-cost mRiFi satisfying desired specifications.

Experimental study on the effects of SS304 and Aluminium reinforcements on mechanical and vibration properties in jute‐epoxy composites

AbstractJute fiber has emerged as a promising reinforcement material in polymer composites, and researchers are actively exploring hybrid composite materials to overcome its individual mechanical property limitations and enhance overall performance. The paper introduces a unique hybridization of polymer composites that harnesses the advantages of stainless steel and aluminium offering a lightweight material for potential engineering applications. In this study, stainless steel 304 wire mesh (S), aluminium wire mesh (Al) and aluminium perforated sheet (Alp) are used as an additional reinforcement along with jute (J) and glass (G) fibers to fabricate hybrid polymer composites with varying volume fractions of SS304 and Al wire mesh. Seven laminates of hybrid composites namely J/J/J/S/J/J/J, J/J/S/J/J/S/J/J, J/J/J/Al/J/J/J, J/J/Al/J/J/Al/J/J, J/J/J/Alp/J/J/J, G/J/J/J/S/J/J/J/G, (J/J/S/J/J/S/J/J)450 along with virgin composite laminate J/J/J/J/J/J/J/J were fabricated and tested to obtain mechanical and vibration properties. Bonding between metal wire and matrix is investigated and reported through ILLS tests and SEM observations. Experimental findings indicate a notable 24% and 7% increase in tensile and ILSS strength, respectively, with SS304 reinforcement. Moreover, significant improvements in flexural and impact strength, approximately 48% and 33% for J/J/S/J/J/S/J/J, demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid approach. The J/J/S/J/J/S/J/J laminate excels in damping capacity under various boundary conditions. The study underscores the potential of metallic reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of jute fiber‐reinforced polymer composites, presenting opportunities for the development of lightweight, sustainable, and high‐performance materials in engineering applications.Highlights Developed jute fiber‐based hybrid polymer composites with metal wire reinforcement. Significant increase in strength and stiffness observed with addition of metal wires. Bonding between metal wire and matrix is investigated through ILLS tests and SEM observations. Vibration damping of all hybrid materials is reported. Study provides valuable data to develop sustainable, lightweight, and cost‐effective materials.

The action of heated RC joints strengthened with a novel strategy combined CFRP and SSEMSM under a quasi-static cyclic load

The current work presents the application of a novel strategy for strengthening heated beam column (B-C) joints under a quasi-static cyclic load. This technique involves utilizing a layer of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) sheets with a layer of stainless-steel expanded metal sheet mesh (SSEMSM). These two layers are installed on the steel reinforcement cage inside the joint before concrete casting. Then the reinforced concrete B-C joints, after being cast and cured, were subjected to heat (i.e., 400 °C and 600 °C). The joints were divided into three groups: three joints were kept as is (i.e., reference joints; no strengthening was applied), whereas three joints were strengthened with the previously mentioned strategy. With a view to investigating the seismic behavior of RC joints, a quasi-static cyclic load was applied to the joints to simulate a seismic load. Results showed that the average maximum load capacity for upgraded joints (strengthened) increased by 30%, 19%, and 1% at ambient (i.e., 23 °C), 400 °C, and 600 °C temperatures, respectively, with respect to the reference joint (JCTA). More importantly, the experimental results reveal a significant increase in the cyclic response of strengthened joints (i.e., higher load capacity, greater displacement, higher dissipated energy, higher ductility, and slower degradation in the secant stiffness).

Optimizing Cyclic Response of Non-Ductile RC Joints Subjected to Heat Using Stainless-Steel Expanded Metal Sheet Mesh

Optimizing Cyclic Response of Non-Ductile RC Joints Subjected to Heat Using Stainless-Steel Expanded Metal Sheet Mesh

Improved Heat Dissipation of Dip-Coated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Mesh Sheets with High Flexibility and Free-Standing Strength for Thermoelectric Generators

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising thermoelectric materials used in thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to power sensors. However, the limitation of SWCNTs is their high thermal conductivity, which makes it difficult to create a sufficient temperature difference. In this study, we fabricated dip-coated SWCNT/mesh sheets using an SWCNT dispersion. Several types of mesh materials were tested, and the most suitable material was polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). SWCNTs were uniformly deposited on the PPS mesh surface without filling the mesh openings. The SWCNT/PPS mesh sheets exhibited flexibility and free-standing strength. When the edge of the SWCNT/PPS mesh sheets were heated, a higher temperature gradient was produced compared with that of the conventional SWCNT film owing to the increase in heat dissipation. A flexible and free-standing TEG with an area of 1200 mm2, fabricated using SWCNT/PPS mesh sheets, exhibited an output voltage of 31.5 mV and maximum power of 631 nW at a temperature difference of 60 K (Tlow: 320 K). When the TEG was exposed to wind at 3 m/s, temperature difference further increased, and the performance of the TEG increased by a factor of 1.3 for output voltage and 1.6 for maximum power. Therefore, we demonstrated that the TEG’s performance could be improved using SWCNT/PPS mesh sheets.

Application of double layer with collagen-elastin matrix (Matriderm®) and polyglycolic acid sheet (Neoveil®) for oroantral and oronasal fistula closure after maxillectomy: a retrospective single center experience

PurposeThis study investigates the effectiveness of a new double-layer approach for closing oroantral and oronasal fistulas (OA/ONFs) using Matriderm® and Neoveil®. Matriderm®, an acellular dermal matrix composed of collagen and elastin fibers, supports tissue regeneration, while Neoveil®, a biodegradable mesh sheet, serves as a barrier to prevent leakage and scarring. Material and MethodsA retrospective study of 12 maxillectomy patients with oral cancer between January 2022 and May 2023 was conducted. Patient data, including tumor stage, bone invasion, and defect size, were analyzed. Surgical techniques included sinus mucosa preservation, and either buccal fat grafting combined with the double layer technique or the double layer technique alone, with statistical analysis performed using R software to evaluate outcomes. ResultsThe results indicate a 41.7% incidence rate of fistula formation with lower T stages, absence of bone invasion, smaller defect dimensions, and intact sinus mucosa correlating with reduced fistula risk (p < 0.05). Notably, no patients required fistula-related surgical revisions, validating the efficacy of the approach. ConclusionThis study introduced a novel double-layer technique using Matriderm® and Neoveil® for closing OA/ONFs after maxillectomy. The technique demonstrated promising outcomes in addressing these post-operative complications. Lower tumor stages, no bone invasion, smaller defects, and intact sinus mucosa correlated with reduced fistula risk. This technique holds potential to enhance maxillectomy outcomes, offering a comprehensive approach to functional concerns, but warrants further investigation.

Mesh Layer Jamming to Cover and Secure Curved Surfaces without Wrinkles

Layer jamming technologies, which can alter the stiffness of layered sheets enveloped in an elastic bag via internal vacuum pressure, have typically been used for wearable robots. However, wrinkles on the layer jamming element covering the body impair the feeling of wear and are undesirable. Aligning curved surfaces using sheets without wrinkling requires the sheets to be sufficiently elastic, which reduces the stiffness when used for layer jamming. Mesh sheets (i.e., woven fabrics) cannot elongate along the fibers; however, they can elongate and contract in the diagonal direction by changing their shape. This study proposes using mesh sheets for layer jamming and analytically and experimentally demonstrates their ability to fit curved surfaces without wrinkling. The layer jamming element using mesh sheets changes the bending stiffness in proportion to the internal vacuum pressure and the number of sheets, as in conventional layer jamming. The simple structure and flexibility of the mesh layer jamming are not only suitable for fixing a body or fragile objects but also extend the range of applications using layer jamming technologies. This study also provides a foundation for investigating the wrinkle formation associated with curved surface deformation unique to flexible robots.

Efficacy of patch technique for dural tear repair using hydrogel sealant: a pilot study

BACKGROUND CONTEXTDural tear is one of the common complications of lumbar spine surgery. Suture repair is often difficult due to the requirement of meticulous suture technique in limited space. Dural tear repair is particularly challenging in minimally invasive spine surgery. The patch technique, applying patch material and glue without suture, is an alternative method for dural tear repair. PURPOSETo verify the efficacy of patch technique for dural tear repair using polyethylene glycol hydrogel sealant and to compare patch materials. STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGBasic research. METHODSThere were three study groups: Group 1 (control group, n=4) had hydrogel sealant alone, Group 2 (n=8) had collagen sheet patch and hydrogel sealant, Group 3 (n=8) had mesh sheet patch and hydrogel sealant. A 4-mm durotomy was made in a piece of bovine dura using an arterial punch. Patch material (collagen or mesh sheet) was placed over the dural tear with 2 mm margin and then sprayed with hydrogel sealant. The pressure in the system was increased by 10 mm Hg and monitored. When the leakage occurred, the pressure threshold was measured. RESULTSThe mean pressure threshold for leakage was 32.5 (Standard deviation=15.0), 66.3 (37.0), and 88.8 (27.5) mm Hg for Group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean pressure threshold for leakage for Group 3 was significantly higher than that for Group 1 (p<.05). There was no significant difference in the mean pressure threshold for leakage between Groups 1 and 2, and Groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONSPatch technique using mesh sheet and hydrogel sealant demonstrated significantly higher mean pressure threshold for leakage compared with hydrogel sealant alone. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEPatch technique using mesh sheet and hydrogel sealant without suture is potentially a reasonable option for dural tear repair in lumbar spine surgery.

Overproduction of cyano-sunscreen scytonemin by Leptolyngbya mycodia in two stage illuminated photobioreactor: From submerged to attached cultivation

Scytonemin, a highly stable UV-protective pigment, synthesized by some cyanobacteria has become a striking target as an effective medicine and natural-ecofriendly sunscreen. However, its application in cosmetic/pharmaceutical industries has been restrained due to its incompetent productivity. Effect of cultivation method on scytonemin productivity was examined in this study using cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya mycodia (IBRC-M-5200). Since scytonemin productivity depends on both growth and induction synthesis, a two-stage illumination strategy was exploited to support growth in 1st stage under P-regime (photosynthetically active radiation) and induce scytonemin synthesis in 2nd stage under PU-regime (P-regime combined with ultraviolet radiation (UVR)). To enhance growth, attached growth was preliminarily examined on various support materials (similar surface area of ~300 cm2 L−1) in shake flasks. Comparison of submerged and attached systems showed the superiority of attached cultivation, with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) mesh sheet resulting in a firmly adhered biofilm at the highest productivity of ~60 g (m2 L d)−1. Accordingly, HDPE was used to compare cell growth and scytonemin synthesis in two stage attached (AG-PB) and submerged (SG-PB) cylindrical photobioreactors. The proposed AG-PB system ensured higher productivities of biomass (43 %) in 1st stage and scytonemin (82 %) at the end of 2nd stage compared to the corresponding stages in submerged growth (SG-PB). Additionally, the effect of aeration rate (0–20 vvm) in 2nd stage of attached system was investigated where insignificant changes were observed in growth and scytonemin synthesis. The successful attached growth of L. mycodia leading to improved scytonemin synthesis can be used in future research on scytonemin production lines.

Ineffectiveness of plastic mesh for protecting artificial freshwater turtle nests from red fox (Vulpes vulpes) predation

AbstractInvasive mammalian predators are efficient at driving native animal declines. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) kills millions of endemic reptiles in Australia each year. In areas of south‐eastern Australia, the eastern long‐necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) and Murray River turtle (Emydura macquarii) have declined by more than 50%. High rates of nest predation by foxes limit the recruitment of young turtles in these populations, but previous methods of fox control have been ineffective at protecting turtle nests. Here, we tested the effectiveness of plastic mesh for protecting artificial turtle nests from predation by foxes, in the mid‐Murray catchment, Victoria. We also tested whether protecting a large number of artificial nests in a given area encourages foxes to give up foraging following predictions from giving‐up density theory. We made a series of plots, each containing 32 artificial turtle nests. In each plot, we covered a percentage (0%, 25%, 50%, 81% or 100%) of the nests with either 1 or 2 sheets of plastic mesh. We used remote cameras to photograph and identify any predator that attacked nests in the plots. The cameras also allowed us to estimate the amount of time a fox was visible on each plot, as a metric of how much effort foxes expended on protected nests. Nest survival rate was not increased by either 1 or 2 sheets of mesh, and increasing the number of protected nests on a plot did not reveal a giving‐up density (GUD) value for fox foraging behaviour. Our study demonstrates that plastic mesh is not effective for protecting artificial turtle nests from foxes in this region.

V06-12 PROPHYLACTIC MESH STRIPS: AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO REDUCE HERNIA DURING RADICAL CYSTECTOMY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023V06-12 PROPHYLACTIC MESH STRIPS: AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO REDUCE HERNIA DURING RADICAL CYSTECTOMY Noah Frydenlund, Eric Li, Clayton Neill, Gergory Dumanian, and Joshua J. Meeks Noah FrydenlundNoah Frydenlund More articles by this author , Eric LiEric Li More articles by this author , Clayton NeillClayton Neill More articles by this author , Gergory DumanianGergory Dumanian More articles by this author , and Joshua J. MeeksJoshua J. Meeks More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003274.12AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Postoperative hernia development, especially parastomal hernia (PSH), remains a challenging problem after radical cystectomy (RC). The incidence of incisional hernia (IH) has been reported to range from 5-15%, while PSHs occur between 15-65%. The use of prophylactic mesh sheets during RC has been shown to reduce the incidence of PSH in a recent randomized trial. We present our technique for the prophylactic use of soft polypropylene mesh strips as sutures at the time of RC as a potential alternative to mesh sheets and review our early experience. METHODS: A retrospective review of a single surgeon's experience with RC from January 2017 to July 2022 was performed. The inclusion criteria were the use of prophylactic parastomal and/or ventral mesh strips. Patients that required intra-operative assistance from plastic surgery for complex abdominal closure were excluded. Radiographic hernias were identified by radiology reports. Hernias that were noticeable on physical exam, symptomatic, or required operative repair were classified as clinical hernias. RESULTS: A total of 72 patients with prophylactic mesh strip placement during radical cystectomy were included. The average age was 73.5 years (Range 41-88 years), with an average follow of 10.8 months (range 1.1 – 63 months) and an average BMI of 27.9 (range 16.0 – 39.13). Sixty-one patients underwent RC with ileal conduit (IC), while 11 underwent RC with neobladder (NB) creation. 93% of the cases were performed robotically with extracorporeal diversion, and the remainder were open. In the RC with IC cohort, 54 patients had ventral and stomal mesh strips placed while 4 had ventral only and 3 had stomal only strips. Radiographic IH was reported in 6/69 (8.7%) patients with ventral mesh strips. Clinical IH was reported in 2/69 (2.9%) patients. For the RC/IC cohort, radiographic PSH was identified in 11/57 (19.3%) patients, and clinical PSH occurred in 6/57 (10.5%) patients. 2/57 (3.5%) patients underwent parastomal hernia repair, 2/57 (3.5%) developed stomal stenosis, and one patient underwent incisional hernia repair. No mesh-related complications were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The prophylactic use of mesh strips as sutures during RC may provide a safe and effective method to reduce postoperative hernia. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e512 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Noah Frydenlund More articles by this author Eric Li More articles by this author Clayton Neill More articles by this author Gergory Dumanian More articles by this author Joshua J. Meeks More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Resonant-Based Wireless Power Transfer System Using Electric Coupling for Transparent Wearable Devices and Null Power Points.

This study provides information on the transfer efficiency of four-plate-structured copper plate and metal mesh sheet couplers, the cause of null-power point. The couplers are compared based on the equivalent circuit model analysis, experimental results of fabricated couplers, and simulation results of the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) tool. It was confirmed that the metal mesh material exhibits the same performance as the existing copper plate and can be fully used as a coupler material for the electrical resonance wireless power transfer system. In addition, the null-power point phenomenon is only determined by the main coupling and cross coupling between the transmitter and receiver, which are most dominantly affected by the coupler structure.

Inactivation efficacy of low-pressure plasma treatment against seed-borne tomato pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis and effect of seed setting position and mesh sheet usage.

Clavibacter michiganensis, a gram-positive actinomycete, is a major seed-borne tomato pathogen. We investigated the inactivation efficacy of low-pressure plasma treatment against C. michiganensis inoculated on tomato seeds by placing them on a mesh sheet above the bottom dielectric glass plate. The 2- and 5-minute plasma treatment reduced C. michiganensis populations on the tomato seeds by 0.8 and 1.8 log cfu/seed, respectively. The reduction rates were similar to those of C. michiganensis on shirona (cruciferous) seeds, which have different shapes and surface structures. In contrast, the inactivation of C. michiganensis cells using plasma was more difficult than that of X. campestris cells. Additionally, it was found that placing seeds on a mesh sheet laid on the dielectric glass plate was remarkably effective in inactivating the pathogens on tomato seeds. Since the tomato seeds were susceptible to damage from plasma treatment, methods to reduce its damage need to be investigated.

Assessment of static performance of welded mesh along mesh overlap used at Kiirunavaara mine

Localized failure of mesh, i.e., the mesh was cut or torn by rock blocks as a result of a seismic event, was observed at LKAB’s Kiirunavaara mine. This is especially common along mesh overlap where mesh sheets are joined together. However, the performance of welded mesh along mesh overlap is not well understood. A series of tests was conducted at the laboratory at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. The tested mesh sheets are made of 5.5 mm diameter wires welded along orthogonal directions spaced on a grid of 75 mm by 75 mm. The mesh sheet(s) was placed on a steel rig and fixed with bolts with spacing of 1.0 m by 1.0 m. A 300 mm loading plate made of concrete was placed underneath the mesh and pull/push load was applied on the mesh through the plate. For comparison purpose, the loading plate was placed at the mesh center following a dice five pattern as well as in the middle between two bolts (overlap position). The force-displacement curves of different test configurations were measured and failure modes of the mesh were observed. Laboratory test results show that the load-carrying and deformation capacity of the mesh is highly dependent on the load spreading and loading position relative to the holding points. When the mesh overlap was loaded, it shows: i) the highest stiffness; ii) the highest rupture load; iii) lower residual load-carrying capacity; and iv) the lowest deformation capacity. Two failure modes were observed in the conducted tests. Heat affected zone failure is the most common one and the second is the tensile failure along wires. Based on the laboratory results, an optimized mesh layout and bolting pattern was suggested for the Swedish underground mines.

Simulation of wire mesh bearing capacity using the distinct element method (DEM)

The response of wire mesh sheets anchored with rock bolts to excavation surfaces has been investigated using the distinct-element method (DEM). Wire mesh reinforcement is a common practice both in mining and civil underground structures, providing passive support in case of unstable blocks. When the mesh is not embedded in a sprayed concrete layer, its design is usually performed based on statistical analyses of laboratory test results according to Eurocode. A laboratory-based approach can result in technical and economical limitations, especially when studying non-conventional or accidental design scenarios such as asymmetric loading or failure of the anchoring rock bolts. The simulation of the loading of a sheet of wire mesh has been performed with 3D-DEM software (PFC3D, Itasca) by discretizing the wire elements as connected particles which can simulate the progressive failure mechanism of the wire mesh observed in laboratory tests. The strength and deformability of the wire elements were calibrated to replicate laboratory results. Based on a limited amount of laboratory test data required for calibration, the investigated approach can complement laboratory results by providing an estimation of the expected strength and strain of the wire mesh reinforcement system under various loading scenarios.

Analysis of the level of environmental friendliness of fishing gear gill nets in Java Sea waters, Bangkalan Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Fish is one of the resources that can recover (renewable resources) but if the use and management are carried out irrationally in the long term these fish resources are feared to be extinct, therefore it is necessary to manage fish resources responsibly and sustainably. Gill nets or in the world of international fisheries better known as "gillnet" are fishing devices in the form of rectangular mesh sheets with the same size mesh and equipped with buoys, ballasts, upper ropes and with or without bottom ropes to block the swimming direction of fish, so that the target fish will be entangled in the net or bounced on body parts dragnet. The method used in this study is a descriptive method, namely direct observation in the field and interviews with fishermen and secondary data followed by determining the sample population and random sampling. The purpose of this study is to analyze variability, selectivity and determine the level of environmental friendliness of folding bubu type fishing gear in Java Sea Waters, Bangkalan Regency. The results of the study obtained variability and selectivity of gill net catches with the main catch (main catch) is crab (Portunus pelagicus) as much as 118 kg or 76.4% of the total catch and bycatch (by catch) is crab (Scylla sp.)as much as 7.8 kg or 5.1%, Gulama Fish (Johnius trachycephalus) as much as 10.5 kg or 6.8%, Tongue Fish (Cynoglossus arel) as much as 10 kg or 6.5% and Manyung Fish (Arius thalassinus) as much as 8 kg or 5.2% of the total catch while the catch is wasted (discard)) none. Thelevel of environmental friendliness of crab net type fishing gear obtained an assessment score of 26.8 which shows that this type of fishing gear is classified as Environmentally Friendly fishing gear.

Polydioxanone Monofilament Mesh: A Safety Net for Complex Breast Implant Revision Surgery.

Breast revision surgeries are complex cases requiring greater pocket control than primary surgeries. Intraoperative techniques to maximize pocket integrity are crucial to achieving an aesthetic result in revisions with implants. Uniform utilization of a polydioxanone (PDO) internal support matrix in a high volume of revision-augmentation cases has, to our knowledge, never before been described. A high-volume (n = 104) single-surgeon experience followed patient outcomes in consecutive cases from September 2020 to March 2022. Included in this cohort were patients undergoing revision-augmentations with vertical or wise-pattern mastopexies (n = 74), revision-augmentation without mastopexies (n = 25), and revision without implant exchange (n = 5). Each case employed at least 1 sheet of PDO mesh, with a small set (n = 4) receiving 2 sheets. Patients were followed up (range, 3-19 months), with 3 months minimum follow-up to assess outcomes. The average length of follow-up was 8.8 months. Patients in this cohort had undergone an average of 1.6 prior breast surgeries (range, 1-7). A total 89.4% of patients received an increase in implant volume (average change, +165.2 Cc); 87.5% of patients had favourable aesthetic outcomes, and 12.5% of patients were reoperated on (including reoperations for complications and/or aesthetic reasons). There were 13 complications in the cohort, and no mesh-related complications. PDO mesh is a safe and effective method of increasing pocket control in breast revision. Supplemental soft-tissue support allowed greater implant volumes to be employed, yielding high rates of patient satisfaction with breast shape, scarring, and long-term aesthetics.

Metallic Gas Diffusion Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

1. Introduction Various carbon materials are currently used in PEFCs.1,2 In particular, relatively expensive porous carbon materials such as carbon fiber cloth and carbon paper with a thickness of around 0.2 mm are commonly used as the gas diffusion layers (GDLs), which ensure gas flow, electron transport, and water management in fuel cells.3,4 However, electrical conductivity of these carbon materials could be lower than that of metallic materials. Another technical issue is the reduction of GDL thickness to achieve higher power density per cell stack volume, which could however lead to a decrease in mechanical strength of GDLs.5 Here in this study, we evaluate and compare several types of metallic materials to apply as GDLs. Using such alternative metallic GDLs, current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were measured and overvoltages were separated. The purpose of this study is to examine possibilities of using metallic GDLs for PEFCs, by varying materials, thickness, porosity, and preparation conditions. 2. Experimental Ti fiber sheets and stainless steel mesh sheets were used as GDL substrates, and Sn coating was made on the sheets. Then, current-voltage characteristics of the cells using these GDLs were evaluated. Five types of porous metallic sheets were used as GDLs: (i) Ti fiber sheet with a porosity of 70% and thickness of 100 μm, (ii) Ti fiber sheet with Sn plating layer (Sn/Ti sheet), (iii) Ti fiber sheet with Pt nanoparticles and Sn plating layer (Sn/Pt/Ti sheet), (iv) SUS316 mesh with a porosity of 60% and thickness of 32 μm, and (v) SUS316 mesh with porous Sn layer. For all the evaluations, the electrocatalyst layers were prepared by dispersing Pt/C (Pt 46.5%, TEC10E50E, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Corp., Japan), 99.5% ethanol, pure water, and 5% Nafion solution using an ultrasonic homogenizer. The dispersions were printed on the electrolyte membrane (Nafion 212) using a spray printer (C-3 J, Nordson). The electrode area was 1.0 cm2 (1.0 cm × 1.0 cm), and the Pt loading on both electrodes was 0.3 mg-Pt cm-2. The metallic GDL was used for the cathode, and a carbon paper (EC-TPI-060T) was used as the standard GDL for the anode. In the electrochemical characterization of this study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS, 1255WB, Solatron) was applied to measure the current-voltage characteristics and to separate overvoltages. 3. Results and discussion I-V characteristics of the cells with the MEAs (i) to (v) are shown in Figure 1. Decrease in cell performance was mainly caused by an increase in ohmic losses. Comparing the MEA (i) and the MEA (iv), Ti fiber sheet showed higher electrical conductivity than stainless steel mesh sheet. Comparing the MEA (i) and the MEA (ii), it was confirmed that the Sn plating on the Ti fiber contributed to a reduction of ohmic loss and concentration overvoltage. Furthermore, the current-voltage curve of the MEA (iii) indicates higher conductivity than that of the MEA (ii), suggesting that the Pt coating promoted the Sn plating or acted as catalysts on the electrocatalyst layer side during the operation of the cell. When the SUS316 mesh sheet was used for the MEA (iv), the concentration overvoltage tended to fluctuate in each measurement. For the MEA (v), a decrease in cell performance was observed. These could be caused by, e.g., degradation of stainless steel due to strong acidity, and contact resistance between the Sn porous layer and the mesh sheet. Further study is in progress to improve I-V characteristics of MEAs by optimizing materials and structure of metallic GDLs. Acknowledgement Financial support from New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) is gratefully acknowledged (Contract No. 20001214-0). References Takahashi, T. Ikeda, K. Murata, O. Hotaka, S. Hasegawa, Y. Tachikawa, M. Nishihara, J. Matsuda, T. Kitahara, S. M. Lyth, A. Hayashi, and K. Sasaki, J. Electrochem. Soc., 169, 044523 (2022).Larminie, and A. Dicks, Fuel Cell Systems Explained, John Wiley & Sons, (2006).Kitahara, T. Konomi, H. Nakajima, and J. Shiraishi, kikaib, 76(761), 101 (2010).A. Reiser, L. Bregoli, T. W. Patterson, J. S. Yi, D. Yang, M. L. Perry, and T. D. Jarvi, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 8, A273 (2005).N. Hussain, E. V. Steen, S. Tanaka, and P. Levecque, J. Power Sources, 337, 18 (2017).