Merulius Lacrymans Research Articles

Association between sensitization to Aureobasidium pullulans ( Pullularia sp) and severity of asthma

Recent data indicate that fungi may contribute to increased severity of asthma. To determine the prevalence of allergy to 15 mold allergens among patients hospitalized because of exacerbation of asthma and to evaluate the relationship between the severity of the disease and allergy to particular molds. Skin prick tests with standard aeroallergens of airborne allergens, including grass, tree, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, feather, and cat and dog fur, and a panel of mold allergens, including Alternaria, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichothecium, Chaetomium globosum, Epicoccum, Epidermophyton, Helminthosporium, Aureobasidium pullulans, Rhizopus nigricans, Fusarium, Mucor, Merulius lacrymans, and yeast mix, were performed in 105 asthmatic patients and 30 controls. Positive skin prick test results were found in 98% of asthmatic patients and 66% of controls. Sensitivity to A pullulans was significantly associated with more severe asthma (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.75; P = .006). Sensitization to Helminthosporium was associated with an increased number of asthma exacerbations that required hospitalization (17% vs 38%; chi2 test P = .03). Sensitization to A pullulans is a risk factor for severe asthma. Sensitization to Helminthosporium may be related to asthma exacerbation that requires hospitalization.

Rasterelektronenmikroskopische untersuchungen von Pilzhyphen im Holz

To help determine to what extent fungal hyphae can be preserved by freeze-drying, this type of procedure has been applied to hyphae of Ceratocystis ulmi, Armillaria mellea, Fomes fomentarius, Merulius lacrymans, Piptoporus betulinus, Stereum hirsutum and Trametes confragosa. Fresh specimens from infected wood were fixed in melting nitrogen (ca.−210°C) and cut under liquid nitrogen. They were then frozen-dried, warmed to room temperature, coated with carbon and gold and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Although the results in general were satisfactory, the walls of the hyphae of all the fungi studied exhibited shrinkage to a variable extent.

The Effect of Supraoptimal Temperatures on the Fine Structure of Merulius lacrymans (Jacq.) Fr.

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Effects of Supraoptimal Temperatures on Merulius lacrymans

AbstractThe growth rate of Merulius lacrymans (Jacq.) Fr. decreases very rapidly at temperatures above optimum (about 22°C). No growth occurred above 28°C. The thermal death‐time of the fungus at different temperatures above maximum was determined. At 37.5°C the thermal death‐time is 4 hours. At this temperature, the respiration is not directly affected, since an appreciable respiration occurred even after 6 hours. On the basis of 14C‐experiments and analysis of UV‐absorbing material excreted from the mycelium at supraoptimal temperatures, it is suggested that the detrimental effects of supraoptimal temperatures on this fungus include a degradation of the nucleic acids and a subsequent leakage of the nucleotides out of the cells.

Natural acetylenes. Part XXI. The biosynthesis and transformation of some polyacetylenic metabolites of Merulius lacrymans Fr. and Clitocybe rhizophora velen

The triacetylenic acid (II; RH), the major polyacetylenic metabolite of the fungus Merulius lacrymans, has been biosynthesised on a medium containing either [14C]-acetate or [14C]-malonate. Degradation of the radioactive metabolite by selective copper-catalysed decarboxylation has revealed that the αβ-acetylenic carboxylic acid group is derived from an acetate-methyl group. The acid (II; RH) is probably an intermediate in the catabolism of some C10 to C9 polyacetylenic metabolites.The two diacetylenic metabolites (VII and VIII) of Clitocybe rhizophora have been obtained in a radioactive form by addition of [14C]-acetate to the culture medium. Degradation of the triol (VII) revealed that the terminal hydroxylated carbon atom was generated from an acetate-methyl group. By adding the radioactive metabolites separately to cultures of Clitocybe rhizophora it was possible to demonstrate that the diacetylenic ketone (VIII) is very probably the precursor of the triol (VII).

The Measurement of Electrostatic Charges on Spores of Merulius Lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr.

The Measurement of Electrostatic Charges on Spores of Merulius Lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr.

Nitrogen Source in Fungal Decomposition of Wood

IT is a well-known fact that the nitrogen content of the medium is one of the limiting factors in fungal decomposition. Two experiments were carried out in order to determine whether the effective destruction of wood by Merulius lacrymans is sustained solely by the amount of nitrogen originally present in the wood, or whether any fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere might possibly occur. Small cubes of wood were used in Exp. 1 and wood shavings in Exp. 2; the procedure, largely the same in both, was as follows:

Morphogenesis of mycelial strands in the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

When growing from an inoculum providing a suitable food base over an inhospitable surface, such as that of glass, or through a non-nutrient medium, such as unsterilized soil, the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus becomes organized into mycelial strands. The morphogenesis of the strands appears very similar to that previously observed in strand development by Merulius lacrymans, Phymatotrichum omnivorum and Agaricus campestris. A number of adjacent and parallel-running leading hyphae growing out from a food base into the surrounding soil become bound together and ensheathed by a profuse development of their finer branches (tendril hyphae), which are thin-walled and aseptate. Strand development is acropetal. By the use of sterilized, acid-washed quartz sand as a non-nutrient medium surrounding the food base, it could be demonstrated that strand development amongst the outgrowing mycelium was inversely correlated with the concentration of free nutrients in the medium. At very low nutrient concentrations, mycelial growth was sparse but strand development was conspicuous; at higher nutrient concentrations, the reverse occurred.

Poria carbonacea (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke as a cause of timber rot in Jamaica

Poria carbonacea (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke, a tropical brown-rot fungus, is recorded as causing decay of structural timber ( Brosimum alicastrum Sw.) in recently built houses in Jamaica. The outbreaks snowed several features in common with dry rot caused by Merulius lacrymans , but the mycelial sheets on the surface of infected timber were not seen to form mycelial strands. The sporophore and cultural characters of P. carbonacea are described. The optimum temperature for growth is about 31·5° C. and the minimum relative humidity for development of mycelium on agar is about 90% at 30° C. The fungus is comparable with other well known wood-destroyers in its ability to decay wood of B. alicastrum .

Phosphate Compounds in Respiring Mycelium of Merulius lacrymans (Jacq.) Fr.

Phosphate Compounds in Respiring Mycelium of Merulius lacrymans (Jacq.) Fr.

The Development and Behaviour of Mycelial Strands in Merulius lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr.

The Development and Behaviour of Mycelial Strands in Merulius lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr.

Relationship between Merulius lacrymans and M. himantioides

THE relationship between the brown-spored species under Merulius is not certainly known. The two species, M. lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr. and M. himantioides Fr., are regarded by Cooke1 as morphologically alike but distinguishable on the basis of physiological activity and habitat. He therefore considers them as varieties under the same species. He has, however, stated that “more than one species may be indicated if unsuccessful monospore culture pairings are used as indicators of specific barriers”. This criterion is used for studying the relationship between M. lacrymans and M. himantioides.

The Development and Behaviour of Mycelial Strands in Merulius lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr.

The Development and Behaviour of Mycelial Strands in Merulius lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr.

Morphology and development of fungal Rhizomorphs

Rhizomorphs of sixteen species of Basidiomycetes were examined and graded into four groups: (i) largely undifferentiated ( Hymenogaster luteus, Merulius lacrymans ) ; (2) showing zones of similar hyphae arranged differently ( Hymeno-gaster tener, Collybia platyphylla ) ; (3) showing zones of hyphae of different sizes ( Flammula sapinea, Crucibulum vulgare, Cyathus striatus, Psalliota campestris, P. arvensis, Phallus impudicus, Hysterangium nephriticum ) ; and (4) some of the hyphae with thickened walls ( Lycoperdon pyriforme, L. gemmatum, Armillaria mellea, Marasmius androsaceus ). Rhizomorphs of Armillaria mellea grow best at 25 ° C. in a humid atmosphere in the dark. The optimum H-ion concentration for their development is pH 5·6. The range over which rhizomorphs develop (pH 3·6–8·0) is slightly narrower than that permitting mycelial growth (pH 3·1–8·8). The ratio of carbon to nitrogen has an effect on rhizomorph formation comparable to that on the development of certain sclerotia; a ratio of three to five parts of glucose to one part of either peptone or asparagine is the most favourable.

Longevity of Merulius lacrymans in Wood Destroyed by Its Growth

Longevity of Merulius lacrymans in Wood Destroyed by Its Growth

Longevity of Merulius Lacrymans in Wood Destroyed by its Growth

"Longevity of Merulius Lacrymans in Wood Destroyed by its Growth." Mycologia, 26(5), pp. 454–455

The germination of the spores of Merulius lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr.

The germination of the spores of Merulius lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr.

THE EFFECT OF HEAT UPON THE MYCELIUM OF CERTAIN STRUCTURAL‐TIMBER‐DESTROYING FUNGI WITHIN WOOD

The possible use of heat for checking decay in buildings has been suggested by various European writers, but little has been done either in an experimental or in a practical way to test its efficacy. Falck (i, p. I97; 2, PP. 338-340) made some tests upon the effect of heat upon the mycelium of some wood-destroying fungi in agar and in wood. The tests were not run in a systematic series, and Falck's only conclusion was that, whereas heat may be applicable for the checking of Merulius kacrymans within structures, it is not feasible in the case of Lenzites sepiaria, for heat is necessary for long periods and at high temperatures to kill this fungus. Hoxie (3, pp. 38-40) reports an experiment carried out in a mill infected with Merulius lacrymans and Coniophora cerebella, in which encouraging results were obtained by heating the building by means of its own heating system four times from Saturday noon to Monday morning to about II5? F. (46? C.). The present paper gives the results of a series of tests upon the resistance to heat of the mycelium of certain wood-destroying fungi within wood and a discussion of the application of these results to the heat treatment of decayed timber in buildings, and to the kiln-drying and preservation of wood. The fungi are five found to be of importance in the decay of mill.timbers, viz., Lenzites sepiaria, L. trabea, Trametes serialis, T. carneea, and Lentinus lepideus (6). METHODS

Studies in the Physiology of the Fungi. VIII. Mixed Cultures

Some consideration has been given in previous literature to the behavior of fungi in mixed cultures, but this has been sufficiently reviewed by Harder,' whose work along the line seems to be the most complete. His conclusions, however, are based merely upon observations on the rate of growth and color production in the medium and mycelium. The purpose of his work was to determine whether the inhibition or stimulation of growth, as the case may be, might not be the result of the; depletion of the available carbohydrates in the medium or a change in the hydrogen ion concentration. In the present work the following fungi were used: Lenzites vialis Pk., Merulius pinastri (Fr.) Burt, Daedalea, quercina (L.) Fr., Trametes Peckii Kalchbr., Pleurotus sapidus Kalchbr., *Merulius lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr., Lentinus -lepideus-.Fr., Daedalea confragosa (Bolt.) Fr., Coniophora cerebella Pers., Polystictus versicolor (L.) Fr., Isaria sp., Polyporus lucidus (Leys.) Fr., Polystictus hirsutus Fr., Asperit-lus 'glaucus,2 A. niger Van Tieg., A. fumigatus Brizi, A. versicolor Tiraboschi, and A. Sydowi Bainier and Sartory. All the fungi were grown upon 2 per cent potato agar, plates prepared in the manner previously described.3 After growth

83. U. Dammer: Zur Kenntniss von Merulius lacrymans Fr.

Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen GesellschaftVolume 10, Issue 10 p. 644-645 83. U. Dammer: Zur Kenntniss von Merulius lacrymans Fr. First published: January 1892 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1892.tb04381.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue10January 1892Pages 644-645 RelatedInformation